Question

LONDON (Reuters) — Children are dying for lack of drugs tailored to their needs, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), which launched a global campaign on Thursday to promote more research into child medicine.

More than half of the drugs currently used to treat children in the industrialized world have not been specifically tested on youngsters.

The problem is even worse in developing countries where price remains a major barrier and 6 million children die each year from treatable conditions.

In the case of HIV/AIDS, the few existing pediatric therapies（兒科的療法）developed for children generally cost three times more than adult ones.

As a result, clinicians lack clear guidelines on the best drug to use and often have to guess at the correct dose.

Fortunately, the WHO has drawn up the first international List of Essential Medicines for Children, containing 206 products considered safe for children.

“But a lot remains to be done. There are priority medicines that have not been adapted for children’s use or are not available when needed,” said Dr Hans, the U.N. agency’s director of medicines policy and standards.

Medicines that need to be adapted to children’s needs include many antibiotics, pain drugs as well as combination pills for HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria.

The agency is building an Internet entrance linking to clinical trials carried out in children and will launch a Web site with the information early next year.

Testing medicines on children has always been a controversial issue, since good ethical（倫理的）practice requires informed agreement from people participating in clinical trials, which is difficult to obtain in the case of children.

As a result, research-based drug companies have been wary of developing child-friendly medicines and general companies have been slow to produce them at lower cost.

In an attempt to deal with the issue, both Europe and the United States now have special rules offering extended patent protection for drugs that have been tested on children.

1.Which of the following is the best title of the passage?

A．A Global Campaign to Promote Research into AIDS Medicine

B．WHO Says Children are Dying for Lack of Child-sized Drugs

C．Many People are Concerned about Children’s Drugs

D．Measures Taken to Develop Child-friendly Medicine Quickly

2.Which of the following medicine is not needed to be adapted to children’s need according to the passage?

A．Pain killers.        B．Tuberculosis       C．AID pills.          D．Flu pills.

3.Why has testing medicines on children always been a controversial issue?

A．It is against good ethical practice

B．Children shouldn’t take part in clinical trials.

C．It is hard to get informed agreement from children tested.

D．Parents don’t allow their children to be tested on medicine.

4.The underlined word “wary” in the last but one paragraph means _________.

A．fast              B．fond              C．cautious           D．uninterested

5.What can be inferred from the passage?

A．There is still a long way to go on children’s medicine.

B．An Internet entrance is being built to link to clinical trials carried out in children.

C．Both Europe and the United States now have special rules offering extended patent protection for children’s drugs.

D．Less than half of the drugs currently used to treat children in the industrialized world have not been specifically tested on youngsters

 

Answer 1

【答案】

1.B

2.D

3.C

4.C

5.A

【解析】

試題分析：本文講述的是一項世界衛(wèi)生組織組織的調(diào)查報告，現(xiàn)在缺少專門為孩子研制的專門的藥物。文章中對此問題進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的分析。

1.B 主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段Children are dying for lack of drugs tailored to their needs, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), which launched a global campaign on Thursday to promote more research into child medicine.可知世界衛(wèi)生組織發(fā)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在缺少專門為孩子研制的專門的藥物。故B正確。

2.D 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第四段Medicines that need to be adapted to children’s needs include many antibiotics, pain drugs as well as combination pills for HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria.可知ABC三項都提及了，只有D項在文章中沒有涉及。

3.C 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段since good ethical（倫理的）practice requires informed agreement from people participating in clinical trials, which is difficult to obtain in the case of children.可知C項正確。

4.C 推理題。根據(jù)本句As a result, research-based drug companies have been wary of developing child-friendly medicines and general companies have been slow to produce them at lower cost.可知藥物公司在研制兒童方面的藥物很謹(jǐn)慎，而且量也教少。主要是因為價格的問題。故該詞是指謹(jǐn)慎的。故C正確。

5.A 推斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段In an attempt to deal with the issue, both Europe and the United States now have special rules offering extended patent protection for drugs that have been tested on children. 可知歐洲和美國已經(jīng)采取了這方面的行動，但是情況未知，還有很長的路要走。故A正確。

考點：考察新聞報告類短文閱讀

點評：本文講述的是一項世界衛(wèi)生組織組織的調(diào)查報告，現(xiàn)在缺少專門為孩子研制的專門的藥物。文章中對此問題進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的分析。本文要求考生在閱讀理解整體語篇的基礎(chǔ)上，把握文章的真正內(nèi)涵。要吃透文章的字面意思，從字里行間捕捉有用的提示和線索，這是推理的前提和基礎(chǔ);要對文字的表面信息進(jìn)行挖掘加工，由表入里，由淺入深，從具體到抽象，從非凡到一般，通過分析、綜合、判定等，進(jìn)行深層處理，符合邏輯地推理。不能就是論事，斷章取義，以偏概全。要忠實于原文，以文章提供的事實和線索為依據(jù)。