The poorer mental function seen among alcoholics，many of whom also regularly smoke cigarettes，may be partly due to the long term effects of nicotine(尼古丁)，new research suggests.

“People who are also smokers are at a much higher risk，” Dr.Jennifer  M.Glass of the University of Michigan's Addiction Research Center said. In her study，“Cigarette smoking has a bad effect on IQ and thinking，” she said.

This finding may seem counterintuitive(違反直覺的)，since many smokers show that they feel quicker and focused after smoking. Indeed，research shows that improved mental functioning is one of the immediate effects of nicotine exposure. Chronic(慢性的)smoking，however，is known to have the opposite effect. Studies show that up to 87 percent of alcoholics smoke cigarettes.

Yet，few studies have looked into cigarette smoking as a factor that might explain the cognitive(認(rèn)知的)lack reported among alcoholics. To search for that association，Glass and her colleagues examined brain function among 172 men from the same area，including 103 men who abused alcohol. The team found that men with higher scores on the lifetime alcohol problems scale(LAPS)and those who reported a higher number of pack years of smoking both had lower IQ scores.

Upon further research，the researchers found that smoking also appeared to be independently associated  with weaker word and space reasoning.

Thus，though smoking did not account for all of the decreased mental functioning observed among the alcohol abusers，it did seem to account for some of the effects，the report indicates.

1.What is the passage mainly about?

A．Cigarette smoking contributes to decreased IQ and thinking.

B．Alcohol abuse is to blame for the poorer mental function.

C．Most of the alcoholics are also heavy smokers.

D．Non-smokers mostly have higher IQ scores.

2.The underline sentence “Chronic smoking, however, is known to have opposite effect” in paragraph 3  suggests:

A．Chronic smoking can improve mental functioning.

B．Chronic smoking has an immediate influence on mental functioning.

C．Chronic smoking has side effect on mental functioning improvement.

D．Chronic smokers feel quicker and focused after smoking.

3.From the passage we can learn that .

A．cigarette smoking is not related to reasoning

B．nicotine exposure can improve mental functioning temporarily

C．the long term effects of nicotine cause alcoholics

D．men with lower scores on the LAPS have lower IQ scores

4.It can be inferred from the passage that .

A．many alcoholics suffer a great deal from smoking

B．giving up smoking is significantly challenging for the alcoholics

C．a(chǎn)lcoholics who do not smoke much have higher IQ scores

D．other factors can cause the poorer mental functioning besides smoking

5.The purpose of this passage is .

A．to warn us of the bad effects of smoking on IQ and thinking

B．to tell us why people are addicted to smoking

C．to give us some advice on how to improve IQ and reasoning

D．to compare the bad effects of alcohol and cigarette

 

【答案】

1.A

2.C

3.B

4.D

5.A

【解析】

試題分析：根據(jù)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)尼古丁對(duì)人體神經(jīng)的長(zhǎng)期影響在某種程度上是嗜酒成癮者智力下降的主要原因，因?yàn)樗麄冎泻芏嗳送瑫r(shí)也是老煙民。盡管抽煙并不是導(dǎo)致嗜酒成癮者神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)識(shí)別功能降低的全部原因，但確實(shí)有一定的影響。提醒人們抽煙對(duì)智商和思維能力有消極的影響。

1.這是主旨大意題。根據(jù)In her study，“Cigarette smoking has a bad effect on IQ and thinking，抽煙對(duì)智商和思維能力有消極的影響，故選A。

2.這是細(xì)節(jié)理解題。因?yàn)楹芏嗳硕加X得在抽完煙后反應(yīng)會(huì)更敏捷，注意力更集中。研究結(jié)果顯示，抽煙后確實(shí)會(huì)有短暫的意識(shí)功能增強(qiáng)，但這只是尼古丁釋放的短暫效果之一。然而，長(zhǎng)期抽煙會(huì)產(chǎn)生相反的效果。故選C。

3.這是細(xì)節(jié)理解題。Indeed，research shows that improved mental functioning is one of the immediate effects of nicotine exposure研究結(jié)果顯示，抽煙后確實(shí)會(huì)有短暫的意識(shí)功能增強(qiáng)故選B。

4.這是推理判斷題。根據(jù)though smoking did not account for all of the decreased mental functioning observed among the alcohol abusers，it did seem to account for some of the effects，the report indicates.研究報(bào)告認(rèn)為，盡管抽煙并不是導(dǎo)致嗜酒成癮者神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)識(shí)別功能降低的全部原因，但確實(shí)有一定的影響。故選D。

5.這是寫作意圖題。抽煙對(duì)智商和思維能力有消極的影響。故選A。

考點(diǎn)：這是一篇社會(huì)類的文章。

點(diǎn)評(píng)：推理判斷就是根據(jù)作者的意圖和傾向來完成相關(guān)的問題。 根據(jù)你對(duì)文章的理解，來判斷各個(gè)選項(xiàng)的正誤。最重要的就是讀懂句子的意思，找出文章的中心，這種閱讀是深層閱讀，但是你最重要的就是找出文章的中心意思，抓住主要句子和相關(guān)句子的意思就可以解決了，要注意題目中的一些關(guān)鍵詞和文章中的句子的對(duì)比，尤其是一些轉(zhuǎn)折詞、連詞等等。

 

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