DNA left at a crime scene could be used in the future to build up a picture of an offender's face, which was re?vealed tonight.

A first step towards genetic mugshots has been taken by researchers in the US who link specific DNA markers with face shapes. To identify the genes, they focused on known mutations (突變)that cause changes of the face and head. Normal versions of these genes were found to influence individual features. For in?stance, one gene affected the lips, another the shape and configuration of bones around the eyes, and a third the appearance of the mid-face and skull. In total, 20 genes had "significant effects" on facial appearance.

Lead scientist Professor Mark Shriver, from the Penn?sylvania State University? said, "We use DNA to match to an individual or identify an individual, but we can get so much more from DNA. Currently we can't go from DNA to a face, or from a face to DNA, but it should be possible." The implications are far-reaching, raising the possibility of creating a data bank of facial types based on genetic markers. DNA from a crime scene could then be used to produce a rough image of the face of an offender or vic?tim. Such genetic mugshots may be more reliable than computer-generated "E-fits" based on witnesses' memo?ry. Other uses of the technique might include proving the identities of fathers in paternity cases, or visualizing our remote ancestors from fossil DNA.

The scientists wrote in the online journal Public Li?brary of Science Genetics, " Such predictive modelling could be forensically useful. For example, DNA left at crime scenes could be tested and faces could be predicted in order to help to narrow the pool of potential suspects. Further, our methods could be used to predict the facial features of descendants, deceased ancestors, and even extinct human species. In addition, these methods could prove to be useful diagnostic tools. " The team devel?oped a model which first established a range of physical face shapes from people of mixed West African and Eu?ropean ancestry from the US, Brazil and Cape Verde. Measurements were taken of thousands of point coordi?nates on grids placed over 3-D images of the faces.


Statistical methods were then used to determine the relationship between facial differences and the effects of genders, ethnic ancestry and individual gene variants.

5.    The underlined word "mugshots" in the second paragraph most probably means "

A,  different faces B. characteristics

C.  pictures of faces     D. genders

6.    What can be inferred from the passage?

A.    DNA has been used to build up a picture of an offender's face.

B.    It may be much easier to catch criminals with the help of DNA.

C.    In all, 20 genes had"significant effects"on facial appearance.

D.    One gene can affect more than one part of your face.

7.    According  to  Professor  Mark  Shriver ,   we know

A.    they can merely match to an individual or identi?fy an individual

B.    there is a possibility of going from DNA to a face

C.    DNA could be used to produce a rough image of an offender's face

D.    this technology is more reliable than computer-gen?erated "E-fits"

8.    What is the most possible title of the passage?

A.    Creating a data bank of DNA

B.    Recognizing the DNA of criminals

C.    Predicting the locations of offences using DNA

D.    Building up an image of an offender's face from DNA

【文章大意】本文介紹了最近的一項調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),未來可以通過DNA繪制人的臉,這些研究可以用于盡快地尋找嫌疑人,也可以用于識別人的父親和祖先。

C 詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段"DNA left at a crime scene could be used in the future to build up a picture of an offender's face, which was revealed tonight.,'可知,第二段中提到的mugshots是指第一段提到的"人臉的圖像",故選C項。

B 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的"...DNA left at crime scenes could be tested and faces could be predicted in order to help to narrow the pool of potential suspects...",可知,在DNA的幫助下抓住嫌疑犯可能更加容易,故選B項。

B 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的"Lead scientist Professor Mark Shriver, from the Pennsylvania State University, said, i We use DNA…Currently we can't go from DNA to a face, or from a face to DNA, but it should be possible.,"可知,Profes?sor Mark Shriver認為從DNA到一張臉是有可能的,故選B項。

D 主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段"DNA left at a crime scene could be used in the future to build up a picture of an offender's face, which was revealed tonight.,,可知,這篇文章介紹的是一個研究發(fā)現(xiàn):可以通過研究DNA繪制疑犯的臉。故選D項。

題目來源:加加練高考英語小題綜合加大題滾動新課標全國卷地區(qū)專用 > 訓練53 閱讀理解(社會生活型)+閱讀理解(科普知識型)+短文改錯+微寫作

練習冊系列答案
相關(guān)習題

科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:

8.    China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from_________________    (attack) in the South China Sea.

查看答案和解析>>

科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:

9.The question ________________ (discuss) next year has something important to do with our daily life.

查看答案和解析>>

科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:

4.It is clear that the primary duty of parents is to provide__________ (保護) for our children.

查看答案和解析>>

科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:

3.這個男孩在聽,但我不知道他能理解多少。

  The boy is listening but I wonder how much he can_____________________ .

查看答案和解析>>

科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:

For most seventh graders, life doesn't get much harder than a history test. But for Grant Reed of Beliville, Ohio, it's his own current events that are so painful. "Honestly, I don't want to die,"Grant says. Last year, doctors at Nationwide Children's Hospital in Columbus found a tumour(腫瘤)in Grant's brain. They cut it out, but the surgery left him with stroke-like symptoms. Plus, he had to go through months of radia?tion and chemotherapy to try to stop the spread of the disease.

Yet, through it all, Grant has shown remarkable determination, which he owes, partly, to Ohio State Football. His parents, Troy and Denise, were both in the OSU marching band and fell in love during half-time of the Michigan game. His cat is named after the team Buckeyes. His wardrobe is painted scarlet (the colour of the team's sportswear). The point is, almost nothing mattered more to Grant than Ohio State Football―until he got sick, of course.

"I didn't like the word cancer," Grant says. So he decided not to use the word. Instead, the kid named his cancer Michigan and insisted everyone in his life refer to it as such, because Ohio State always beats Michigan. That was something he could understand and make into a competition. He was going to beat this disease.

It's now been more than a year since Grant issued that announcement. "And if you look at his scans," Dr Randal Olshefski at Nationwide Children's Hospital says, "there's nothing there. There's a big space, but there's no tumour. w

"Grant is beating Michigan. And although much of it has to go to science, don't discount the semantics(語義學),You have to do something to make it a disease you can fight. And for Grant, that was naming it Michi?gan ,"his parents say.

This weekend, Ohio State and Michigan will be battling like their lives depend on it. But in this house * the Reed family will be watching with a calm insight: it's just a game.

1.  What's the main idea of the first paragraph?

A.    The seventh grade is a hard time.

B.    Grant suffered a serious disease.

C.    The operation was successful.

D.    The tumour has spread all over.

2.    From the second paragraph, we can infer that .

A.    Grant was a born football fan

B.    football makes a true man

C.    interest is the best teacher

D.    God helps those who help themselves

3.    Why did Grant name his cancer Michigan?

A.    Because he dared not face the disease.

B.    Because he didn't want to die so young.

C.    Because Michigan was his favourite team.

D.    Because Michigan was always beaten by his favourite team.

4.    By saying that it's just a game, we can infer that the Reed family .

A.    have lost interest in the match between Ohio State and Michigan

B.    believe Michigan will surely beat Ohio State this weekend

C.    have had a clearer and better understanding of life

D.    view the match as a matter of life and death

查看答案和解析>>

科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:

根據(jù)句意使用恰當?shù)脑~填空(注意:填入的單詞數(shù)量不得多于3個)

1.Now many people are complaining _____________________the government about the high house prices.

查看答案和解析>>

科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:

書面表達

請根據(jù)以下提示,用英語給你校英語報寫一篇文章,談二談你家鄉(xiāng)的環(huán)境,所面臨的現(xiàn)狀以及你的建議。

內(nèi)容包括:

1.村民亂砍濫伐,污染河水,造成自然災(zāi)害頻發(fā);

       2.你認為應(yīng)該采取什么樣的措施來改善環(huán)境。

       注意:1.詞數(shù)100左右;

      2.可以適當增加細節(jié),以使行文連貫;

     3. 第一句話已給出,不計入總詞數(shù)。

查看答案和解析>>

科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:

2.我不喜歡你嘲笑她的那種方式。

I don't like the way __________________ •

查看答案和解析>>

同步練習冊答案