Question

DNA left at a crime scene could be used in the future to build up a picture of an offender's face, which was re?vealed tonight.

A first step towards genetic mugshots has been taken by researchers in the US who link specific DNA markers with face shapes. To identify the genes, they focused on known mutations (突變)that cause changes of the face and head. Normal versions of these genes were found to influence individual features. For in?stance, one gene affected the lips, another the shape and configuration of bones around the eyes, and a third the appearance of the mid-face and skull. In total, 20 genes had "significant effects" on facial appearance.

Lead scientist Professor Mark Shriver, from the Penn?sylvania State University? said, "We use DNA to match to an individual or identify an individual, but we can get so much more from DNA. Currently we can't go from DNA to a face, or from a face to DNA, but it should be possible." The implications are far-reaching, raising the possibility of creating a data bank of facial types based on genetic markers. DNA from a crime scene could then be used to produce a rough image of the face of an offender or vic?tim. Such genetic mugshots may be more reliable than computer-generated "E-fits" based on witnesses' memo?ry. Other uses of the technique might include proving the identities of fathers in paternity cases, or visualizing our remote ancestors from fossil DNA.

The scientists wrote in the online journal Public Li?brary of Science Genetics, " Such predictive modelling could be forensically useful. For example, DNA left at crime scenes could be tested and faces could be predicted in order to help to narrow the pool of potential suspects. Further, our methods could be used to predict the facial features of descendants, deceased ancestors, and even extinct human species. In addition, these methods could prove to be useful diagnostic tools. " The team devel?oped a model which first established a range of physical face shapes from people of mixed West African and Eu?ropean ancestry from the US, Brazil and Cape Verde. Measurements were taken of thousands of point coordi?nates on grids placed over 3-D images of the faces.

Statistical methods were then used to determine the relationship between facial differences and the effects of genders, ethnic ancestry and individual gene variants.

5.    The underlined word "mugshots" in the second paragraph most probably means "

A,  different faces B. characteristics

C.  pictures of faces     D. genders

6.    What can be inferred from the passage?

A.    DNA has been used to build up a picture of an offender's face.

B.    It may be much easier to catch criminals with the help of DNA.

C.    In all, 20 genes had"significant effects"on facial appearance.

D.    One gene can affect more than one part of your face.

7.    According  to  Professor  Mark  Shriver ，   we know

A.    they can merely match to an individual or identi?fy an individual

B.    there is a possibility of going from DNA to a face

C.    DNA could be used to produce a rough image of an offender's face

D.    this technology is more reliable than computer-gen?erated "E-fits"

8.    What is the most possible title of the passage?

A.    Creating a data bank of DNA

B.    Recognizing the DNA of criminals

C.    Predicting the locations of offences using DNA

D.    Building up an image of an offender's face from DNA

Answer 1

【文章大意】本文介紹了最近的一項調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，未來可以通過DNA繪制人的臉，這些研究可以用于盡快地尋找嫌疑人，也可以用于識別人的父親和祖先。

C 詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段"DNA left at a crime scene could be used in the future to build up a picture of an offender's face, which was revealed tonight.，'可知，第二段中提到的mugshots是指第一段提到的"人臉的圖像"，故選C項。

B 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的"...DNA left at crime scenes could be tested and faces could be predicted in order to help to narrow the pool of potential suspects..."，可知，在DNA的幫助下抓住嫌疑犯可能更加容易，故選B項。

B 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的"Lead scientist Professor Mark Shriver, from the Pennsylvania State University, said, i We use DNA…Currently we can't go from DNA to a face, or from a face to DNA, but it should be possible.，"可知,Profes?sor Mark Shriver認為從DNA到一張臉是有可能的，故選B項。

D 主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段"DNA left at a crime scene could be used in the future to build up a picture of an offender's face, which was revealed tonight.，，可知，這篇文章介紹的是一個研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：可以通過研究DNA繪制疑犯的臉。故選D項。