Parents who smoke often open a window or turn on a fan to clear the air for their children, but experts now have identified a related threat to children's health that isn't as easy to get rid of: third-hand smoke。

That's the term being   1   to describe the invisible yet poisonous mixture of gases and particles(顆粒) clinging(依附) to smokers' hair and   2  , not to mention cushions and carpeting, that stays long after second-hand smoke has cleared from a room. The remaining   3  heavy metals, carcinogens(致癌物) and even radioactive materials that young children can get on their hands and take in,   4  if they're crawling or playing on the floor。

Doctors from MassGeneral Hospital for Children in Boston coined the term "third-hand smoke" to   5  these chemicals in a new study that   6  on the risks they pose to infants and children. The study was published in the  7  issue of the journal Pediatrics。

"Everyone knows that second-hand smoke is bad,  8  they don't know about this," said Dr. Jonathan P. Winickoff, the lead author of the study and an assistant professor of pediatrics at Harvard Medical School。

"When their kids are   9  the house, they might smoke. Or they smoke in the car. Or they strap(用帶子捆扎) the kid in the car seat in the back and crack the window and   10  , and they think it's okay because the second-hand smoke isn't getting to their  11  . We needed a term to describe these tobacco toxins that aren't  12  ."

The study reported on  13  toward smoking in 1,500 households across the United States. It found that the vast majority of both smokers and nonsmokers were   14  that second-hand smoke is harmful to children. Some 95 percent of nonsmokers and 84 percent of smokers  15  with the statement that "inhaling smoke from a parent's cigarette can   16  the health of infants and children"。

But   17  fewer of those surveyed were aware of the  18  of third-hand smoke. Since the term is so new, the researchers asked people if they agreed with the statement that "breathing air in a room   19  where people smoked yesterday can harm the health of infants and children"。

Only 65 percent of nonsmokers and 43 percent of smokers agreed with that  20  , which researchers interpreted as acknowledgement of the risks of third-hand smoke。

(    ) 1. A. told                 B. discussed   C. used                 D. mentioned

(    ) 2. A. shoes                      B. clothing     C. body                D. mouth

(    ) 3. A. includes           B. covers       C. finds                D. improves

(    ) 4. A. especially         B. specially    C. immediately      D. regularly

(    ) 5. A. name                      B. call           C. explain             D. describe

(    ) 6. A. focused            B. tended       C. tried                 D. worked

(    ) 7. A. later                 B. latest         C. best                  D. previous

(    ) 8. A. but                  B. and           C. however           D. or

(    ) 9. A. alongside          B. out of        C. in                    D. beside

(    ) 10. A. cough             B. talk           C. observe            D. smoke

(    ) 11. A. cars                B. seats          C. kids                 D. windows

(    ) 12. A. visible            B. invisible    C. poisonous         D. concrete

(    ) 13. A. policies          B. attitudes    C. bans                 D. habits

(    ) 14. A. told                B. content      C. confident          D. aware

(    ) 15. A. opposed          B. agreed       C. fought              D. connected

(    ) 16. A. harm              B. destroy      C. improve           D. confuse

(    ) 17. A. quite              B. very          C. far                   D. too

(    ) 18. A. chances          B. risks          C. abilities            D. conditions

(    ) 19. A. tomorrow       B. today               C. yesterday          D. weekend

(    ) 20. A. statement               B. mark         C. discussion         D. prejudice

1-20 CBAAD ABABD CABDB ACBBA


解析:

本文通過一項(xiàng)研究說明了人們陌生而又熟悉的三手煙對兒童的影響。解此完形填空的時(shí)候要注意把作者的思路邏輯和生活常識緊密結(jié)合,并注重聯(lián)系上下文的語境邏輯。

1. C 考查動詞過去分詞的含義辨析及在語言邏輯方面的準(zhǔn)確應(yīng)用。聯(lián)系上下文的語境及日常生活中的常識,我們?nèi)菀淄评沓鲞@一句的語境是:所謂“三手煙”是用來指房間內(nèi)的“二手煙”清除許久之后,仍殘留在坐墊、地毯甚或吸煙者頭發(fā)和衣物上看不見的氣體和顆粒的有毒混合物。我們不難看出此處應(yīng)該填上表示被用來之意的動詞過去分詞,也即是C項(xiàng),而其余ABD項(xiàng)依次分別所表達(dá)的意思是:講述,討論,提及,這些詞語所表示的意思都和這兒的語言邏輯不相吻合,故我們選擇C項(xiàng)為最佳答案。

2. B檢測名詞的含義辨析及在語言邏輯方面的準(zhǔn)確應(yīng)用。由上一題的分析和日常生活常識:香煙的殘留往往存在于人的頭發(fā)、衣服等等上面,我們不難看出此處應(yīng)該填上表示衣服之意的名詞,而ACD項(xiàng)依次分別所表達(dá)的意思是:鞋子,身體,嘴,只有B項(xiàng)有這樣的意思,故B項(xiàng)為準(zhǔn)確答案。

3. A 檢測動詞的含義的準(zhǔn)確記憶與理解辨析。由上一題的分析,聯(lián)系上下文的語境,我們?nèi)菀淄评沓鲞@一句的語意是:殘留物包含重金屬、致癌物,甚至輻射物質(zhì),它們很容易沾在嬰幼兒的手上并被吃到嘴里,尤其是當(dāng)小孩子在地板上爬或玩耍時(shí)。不難看出此處應(yīng)該填上表示包含包括之意的動詞,而BCD項(xiàng)依次分別所表達(dá)的意思是:覆蓋,發(fā)現(xiàn),改進(jìn),這些意思在這兒都不符合此處的上下文之間語言邏輯,只有A項(xiàng)(includes:包括)有這樣的意思,故A項(xiàng)為準(zhǔn)確答案。

4. A 檢測副詞的含義的準(zhǔn)確記憶與理解。由上一題的分析我們不難看出此處應(yīng)該填上表示尤其之意的副詞BCD項(xiàng)依次分別所表達(dá)的意思是:專門地,立即,規(guī)律地,這些意思在這兒都不符合此處的上下文之間語言邏輯,只有A項(xiàng)有這樣的意思,并且用在這兒語句通順合理,故A項(xiàng)為準(zhǔn)確答案。

5. D檢測動詞的含義辨析及在語言邏輯方面的準(zhǔn)確應(yīng)用。經(jīng)過分析,語意是:在一項(xiàng)針對這些化學(xué)物質(zhì)對嬰幼兒危害的新的研究中,波士頓大眾嬰幼兒?漆t(yī)院的醫(yī)生們創(chuàng)造了“三手煙”這個(gè)詞來形容它們。不難看出此處應(yīng)該填上表示形容之意的動詞,這四個(gè)詞中只有D項(xiàng)有這樣的意思。而其余ABD項(xiàng)依次分別所表達(dá)的意思是:命名,稱作,解釋,其中,AB兩項(xiàng)容易讓人上當(dāng),但是根據(jù)意思和語言邏輯,這是對這種化學(xué)物質(zhì)類進(jìn)行描述,如果命名的話,其后還得有個(gè)名稱的詞來補(bǔ)充說明,故D項(xiàng)為準(zhǔn)確答案。

6. A 檢測動詞的含義的準(zhǔn)確記憶與理解辨析。由上一題的分析我們很容易看出此處應(yīng)該填上表示針對(也就是以…….為中心)之意的動詞,A項(xiàng)就是這樣的意思。BCD三項(xiàng)依次分別所表達(dá)的意思是:傾向于(和動詞不定式搭配),盡力(也和動詞不定式搭配),工作,這些詞語所表示的意思都和這兒的語言邏輯不相契合,語意也通順,故我們選擇A項(xiàng)為最佳答案。

7. B聯(lián)系上下文的語境,經(jīng)過分析,語意是:研究結(jié)果發(fā)表于最近一期的《小兒科》醫(yī)學(xué)期刊上。這四個(gè)詞中只有B項(xiàng)有最近之意。其余ACD項(xiàng)依次分別所表達(dá)的意思是:遲到的,最后的,以前的,很明顯放在這兒都不能使句意通順,故B項(xiàng)為準(zhǔn)確答案。

8. A 檢測連詞的含義辨析及在語言邏輯方面的準(zhǔn)確應(yīng)用。聯(lián)系上下文的語境,及日常生活中的常識,經(jīng)過分析,語意是:每個(gè)人都知道二手煙有害,但他們卻不知道三手煙的存在,不難看出此處應(yīng)該填上表示但是之意的連詞,這四個(gè)詞中只有A項(xiàng)(but:但是)有這樣的意思,而BD量項(xiàng)依次分別所表達(dá)的意思是:和,或者,放在這兒都不能使句意通順。C項(xiàng)的具有很大的迷惑性,但是它作然而之意講的時(shí)候是個(gè)副詞,故我們選擇A項(xiàng)為最佳答案。

9. B 檢測介詞的含義的準(zhǔn)確記憶與理解。由日常生活中的常識,再聯(lián)系上下文的語境,經(jīng)過分析,語意是:只要孩子們在屋外,他們就可以吸煙。由語境我們不難看出此處應(yīng)該填上表示在……的外面之意的介詞,也即是B項(xiàng),而其余ACD項(xiàng)依次分別所表達(dá)的意思是:和……一起,在……的里面,在…….的旁邊,這些意思在這兒都不符合此處的上下文之間語言邏輯,故B項(xiàng)為準(zhǔn)確答案。

10. D 檢測動詞的含義辨析及在語言邏輯方面的準(zhǔn)確應(yīng)用。由語境:或者在車上時(shí),把孩子放在后座上,打開車窗,也可以吸煙。聯(lián)系全文的語境,我們知道此處應(yīng)該填上表示吸煙之意的動詞,ABC項(xiàng)依次分別所表達(dá)的意思是:咳嗽,談話,飲料,這些詞語所表示的意思都和這兒的語言邏輯不相契合,故我們選擇D項(xiàng)為最佳答案。

11. C 檢測名詞的含義辨析及在語言邏輯方面的準(zhǔn)確應(yīng)用。聯(lián)系上下文的語境,經(jīng)過分析這一句的語意:他們認(rèn)為這樣就沒有問題了,因?yàn)楫吘剐『⒆記]吸到二手煙,我們不難看出此處應(yīng)該填上表示孩子之意的名詞,而ABD項(xiàng)依次分別所表達(dá)的意思是:轎車,座位,窗戶,很明顯放在這兒都不能使句意通順流暢,這四個(gè)詞中只有C項(xiàng)(kids:小孩子)有這樣的意思,故我們選擇C項(xiàng)為最佳答案。

12. A 檢測形容詞的含義的準(zhǔn)確記憶與理解。由上一題的分析,聯(lián)系上下文的語境,我們不難看出此處語意是:而我們需要一個(gè)術(shù)語來描述這些看不見的香煙毒素。經(jīng)過分析,此句是個(gè)否定句,應(yīng)該填上表示看得見的之意的形容詞,這四個(gè)詞中只有A項(xiàng)(visible)有這樣的意思,而其余BCD三項(xiàng)依次分別所表達(dá)的意思是:看不見,有毒的,具體的,這些意思在這兒都不符合此處的上下文之間語言邏輯,故A項(xiàng)為準(zhǔn)確答案。

13. B 檢測名詞的含義辨析及語言邏輯的準(zhǔn)確理解和應(yīng)用。由語境:該研究報(bào)告了全美1500個(gè)家庭對待吸煙的態(tài)度,我們不難看出此處應(yīng)該填上表示態(tài)度之意的名詞,也即是B項(xiàng),其余ACD項(xiàng)依次分別所表達(dá)的意思是:策略,禁止,習(xí)慣,很明顯放在這兒都不能使句意通順,故B項(xiàng)為準(zhǔn)確答案。

14. D 檢測形容詞的含義的準(zhǔn)確記憶與理解。聯(lián)系上下文的語境,由上一題的分析,我們?nèi)菀淄评沓鲞@一句的語境是:發(fā)現(xiàn)絕大多數(shù)受訪者(煙民與非煙民)都明白二手煙損害兒童健康。很清楚,此處應(yīng)該填上表示明白清楚之意的形容詞,而其余ABC項(xiàng)依次分別所表達(dá)的意思是:被告訴,滿意的,自信的,這些詞語所表示的意思都和這兒的語言邏輯不相契合,而D項(xiàng)的意思是:清楚,明了,有著清醒認(rèn)識的,故我們選擇D項(xiàng)為最佳答案。

15. B 考查動詞的含義辨析及在語言邏輯方面的準(zhǔn)確理解和應(yīng)用。聯(lián)系上下文的語境,經(jīng)過分析,語意是:大約95%的不吸煙者和84%的吸煙者都同意“嬰幼兒吸入父母的二手煙可能致病”的論斷。因此,此處應(yīng)該填上表示同意之意的動詞,而ACD項(xiàng)依次分別所表達(dá)的意思是:反對,斗爭,連接,這些詞語所表示的意思都和這兒的語言邏輯不相適合,故我們選擇B項(xiàng)(agreed:同意)為最佳答案。

16. A 檢測動詞的含義的準(zhǔn)確記憶與理解。由上一題的分析我們不難看出此處應(yīng)該填上表示致病之意的動詞,致病就是對健康有害,也就是A項(xiàng)和health搭配之后的意思,而其余BCD項(xiàng)依次分別所表達(dá)的意思是:毀壞,改進(jìn),使……混亂,B項(xiàng)具有很大的迷惑性,但吸三手煙不至于把身體的健康給毀了,CD兩項(xiàng)所表示的意思很明顯放在這兒都不能使句意通順,故我們選擇A項(xiàng)為最佳答案。

17. C 檢測副詞的含義辨析及在語言邏輯方面的準(zhǔn)確應(yīng)用。聯(lián)系全文的語境,及日常生活中的常識,我們?nèi)菀淄评沓鲞@一句的語境是:但受訪者中卻很少有人知道三手煙的危害。經(jīng)過分析,我們不難看出此處應(yīng)該填上表示很相、當(dāng)之意的副詞來修飾形容詞的比較級fewer,這四個(gè)詞中只有C項(xiàng)有這樣的意思,并且用來修飾形容詞的比較級,然后用來代指人,而其余ABD項(xiàng)依次分別所表達(dá)的意思是:相當(dāng),很,太,并且不用來修飾形容詞的比較級,故C項(xiàng)為準(zhǔn)確答案。

18. B 檢測名詞的含義辨析及在語言邏輯方面的準(zhǔn)確應(yīng)用。由上一題的分析我們不難看出此處應(yīng)該填上表示危害之意的名詞,這四個(gè)詞中只B項(xiàng)(risks:冒險(xiǎn),危害)有這樣的意思,而其余ABD項(xiàng)依次分別所表達(dá)的意思是:幾率,能力,條件,這些意思在這兒都不符合此處的上下文之間語言邏輯,故B項(xiàng)為準(zhǔn)確答案。

19. B 檢測名詞的含義的準(zhǔn)確記憶與理解。聯(lián)系上下文的語境,經(jīng)過分析,語意是:因?yàn)檫@個(gè)名稱過于新穎,所以調(diào)查者換了種說法,提問人們是否同意“昨天有人抽過煙的屋子里的空氣今天或現(xiàn)在會對嬰幼兒產(chǎn)生危害”的論斷。我們不難看出此處應(yīng)該表示今天和昨天相比,所以填上B項(xiàng)(today:今天),其余ACD項(xiàng)依次分別所表達(dá)的意思是:明天,昨天,周末,很明顯放在這兒都不能使句意通順,故B項(xiàng)為準(zhǔn)確答案。

20. A 檢測名詞的含義辨析及在語言邏輯方面的準(zhǔn)確應(yīng)用。經(jīng)過分析,語意是:只有65%的非煙民和43%的煙民認(rèn)同該說法。研究者以此作為公眾承認(rèn)三手煙危害的證據(jù)。我們?nèi)菀淄评沓龃颂帒?yīng)該填上表示說法、論述之意的名詞,這四個(gè)詞中只有A項(xiàng)有這樣的意思,而其余BCD項(xiàng)依次分別所表達(dá)的意思是:標(biāo)記,討論,偏見,這些詞語所表示的意思都和這兒的語言邏輯不相契合,也不通順,故我們選擇A項(xiàng)為最佳答案。

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相關(guān)習(xí)題

科目:高中英語 來源:江西省六校2012屆高三第一次聯(lián)考英語試題 題型:001

聽力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)

第一節(jié):(共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)

聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有1個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對話后,你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。

例:How mony is the shirt?

A.$19.15

B.$9.15

C.$9.18

答案是B

1.What dose the man like about the play?

A.The story

B.The ending

C.The actor

2.Which place are the speakers trying to find?

A.A hotel.

B.A bank

C.A restaurant.

3.At what time will the two speakers meet?

A.5∶20.

B.5∶10.

C.4∶40.

4.What will the man do?

A.Change the plan

B.Wait for a phone call.

C.Sort things out.

5.What does the woman want to do?

A.See a film with the man.

B.Offer the man some help.

C.listen to some great music.

第二節(jié)(共15小題:每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)

聽下面5段對話,每段對話后有幾個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話前,你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽完后,各小題給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間,每段對話讀兩遍。

聽第6段材料,回答第6、7題。

6.Where is Ben?

A.In the kitchen

B.At school

C.In the park

7.What will the children do in the afternoon?

A.Help set the table.

B.Have a party

C.Do.their homework.

聽第7段材料,回答8、9題。

8.What are the two speakers talking about?

A.A family holiday

B.A business trip

C.A travel plan

9.where did Rachel go?

A.Spain

B.Italy

C.China

聽第8段材料,回答第10至12題。

10.How did the woman get to know about third-hand smoke?

A.From young smokers

B.From a newspaper article

C.From a smoking parents

11.Why does the man say that he should keep away from babies?

A.He has just become a father

B.He wears dirty clothes

C.He is a smoker

12.What does the woman suggest smoking parents should do?

A.Stop smoking altogether

B.Smoke only outside their houses

C.Reduce dangerous matter in cigarettes

聽第9段材料,回答第13至16題。

13.Where does Michelle Ray come from?

A.A middle-sizedcity

B.A small town

C.A big city

14.Which place would Michele Ray take her visitors to for shopping?

A.The Zen Garden

B.The Highlands.

C.TheRed River area.

15.What does Michelle Ray do for complete quiet?

A.Go camping

B.Study in a library.

C.Read at home.

16.What are the speakers talking about in general?

A.Late-night shopping.

B.Asian food.

C.Louisville.

聽第10段材料,回答第17至20題。

17.Why do some people say they never have dreams according to Dr Garfield?

A.They forget about their dreams.

B.Thy don't want to tell the truth.

C.They have no bad experiences.

18.Why did Davis stop having dreams?

A.He got a serious heart attack.

B.He was too sad about his brother's death

C.He was frightened by a terrible dream.

19.Wh at is Dr Garfield's opinion about dreaming?

A.It is very useful.

B.It makes things worse.

C.It prevents the mind from working.

20.Why do some people turn off their dreams completely?

A.To sleep better

B.To recover from illnesses.

C.To stay away from their problems.

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