In insurance theory, moral hazard is the name given to the increased risk of immoral behavior, and thus a negative outcome (“hazard”), because the person who caused the problem doesn’t suffer the full (or any) consequences, or may actually benefit．Such a concern typically arises in the context of a contract (for example, an insurance policy)．
The most well known examples of moral hazard come from insurance．For example:
Fire insurance increases the motivation to commit arson (縱火), especially if someone is operating a failing business and decides that they’d rather have the cash from the insurance proceeds on the buildings than the buildings themselves．(The value of a business often is based on profitability; after arson, the owner can claim the business was profitable．) In a worst case, the building is over-insured or valuable contents are removed but claims are filed that they were destroyed in the fire．
In finance, low level of effort by the agent (employee) is called the “moral hazard problem” according to agency theory．The more autonomy (自主) the agent enjoys and the greater the information the agent possesses, and the greater the specialized knowledge required to perform the task, the greater the chances for the occurrence of moral hazard．
The problem of moral hazards for insurance can’t be eliminated, but can be minimized．For example:
Getting detailed information to evaluate the value of what is being insured, rather than simply taking the word of the person buying the insurance．
Requiring that there be a deductible(扣除額) (an initial up-front sum which the insured must pay out of his or her own pocket in case of a loss), and/or only paying out a percentage of the loss (say, 80 or 90 percent) via a coinsurance clause．
72．What might be the headache for the insurance company after a fire?
A．Not knowing who set the fire．
B．The owner might over-claim the loss．
C．Where to get the insurance fee paid．
D．How to punish those who cheated the company．
73．What might be the best way not to suffer over-loss in paying back insurance according to the above passage?
A．Investigate carefully after a fire．
B．Try to get as much detail information about the insurance．
C．Try to catch hold of the person who committed arson．
D．Request the buyer of insurance to pay more． 
74．The two examples in the above passage are applied to ______．
A．help people to have reasonable insurance
B．present the difficulties the insurance companies have
C．bring up a problem and a solution in insurance business
D．invite people to buy more profitable insurance
75．The above passage is mainly about ______．
A．a(chǎn) new theory in insurance                                    B．a(chǎn) moral challenge in business
C．a(chǎn) common business phenomenon             D．moral hazard in insurance
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

完形填空（20分）
Not so long ago, if you avoided drinking water during a workout（訓(xùn)練）, you were considered tough. Today, most experts     36   , you would be considered unintelligent.
Even in you don’t sweat much or feel    37   and even if there is a nice breeze,    38     experts say drinking water- or something    39   is necessary before, during and after all warmer-weather   40  .
Only a few years ago, many coaches   41   players from drinking anything during the game----they thought it was   42   for them to rinse(漱口) their mouths,   43  swallowing anything might slow them down.
Now, there’s   44   plenty of water on the sidelines for athletes to drink. The National Hockey League even   45   goalkeepers to put water bottles on top of their nets.
These new practices   46  be lost on the recreation(消遣) athlete. Some   47  advise you to drink about two cups of water 15 minutes or so after you   48  exercising and the same amount every 15 minutes. In some types of exercises-running, for example-others encourage drinking a cup or two of water   49  the workout.
Don’t drink any more, experts say too much fluid makes   50 and exercise uncomfortable. In   51   continuous hot-weather exercise,   52   can sweat and breathe away 1.8 kilograms of   53   an hour.
Drinking water does two things: restore some   54   and allow you to keep sweating so the skin can be kept  55  . Doctors say drinking six or eight cups a day can help digestion.
36. A. discover                     B. suggest                     C. agree                       D. fear
37. A. thirsty                       B. hungry                     C. hot                          D. tired
38. A. labour                       B. children                   C. water                       D. exercise
39. A. else                          B. instead                           C. fresh                        D. tasteful
40. A. seasons                     B. lessons                     C. days                         D. activities
41. A. excused                           B. discouraged                    C. prevented                 D. saved
42. A. possible                           B. unnecessary              C. difficult                   D. right
43. A. but                                  B. then                         C. therefore                  D. though
44. A. seldom                     B. forever                     C. usually                     D. sometimes
45. A. allows                      B. promises                  C. forbids                     D. guides
46. A. couldn’t                           B. wouldn’t                  C. shouldn’t                  D. mustn’t
47. A. teachers                           B. parents                     C. players                     D. doctors
48. A. stop                           B. start                         C. give up                    D. begin with
49. A. after                          B. before                     C. with                         D. from
50. A. walking                           B. breathing                  C. swallowing              D. drinking
51. A. heavy                        B. easy                         C. pleasant                    D. everyday
52. A. a patient                    B. a drinker                  C. an athlete                 D. an expert
53. A. air                            B. atmosphere              C. oxygen                     D. water
54. A. sweat                         B. weight                           C. breath                     D. height
55. A. warm                        B. strong                     C. cool                         D. safe

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

第二節(jié)完形填空（20小題；每小題1分，滿分20分）
閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
“I can’t believe it．These blooms have lasted so long this year,” my wife said．
“I hadn’t really thought about it, but you are right．As much as I love lilacs （丁香）, they come and go so   36  ,” I said．
It has been incredibly   37   this year here in my back-yard．Our lilac tree has   38   the most blooms I have ever seen．The scent （香味） is so wonderful that I spend a lot of time just standing on our small deck   39   it all in．
Many of the   40   are hollow and almost broken, leaving me to believe it has   41 _ many springs．A few winters ago one of the biggest branches crashed to the ground under the   42   of melting snow．It   43   my heart．I guess I wasn’t   44   much from the old thing this year．But it is magnificent!
Since we have been   45   so much rain lately the flowers have become heavier．The   46_ tall branches seem to be under a lot of pressure．I can relate to that．There are big gaps because the branches are   47 ．
48  , today I noticed the first bunch of flowers turning brown．It won’t be long   49 _ they are all gone．But here’s what I’ve learned from it．
Some people are like fragrant flowers．They come into our lives ever so   50   and leave behind a scent that stays in our being．They   51   your day by just having had contact with them even if for a moment．You cannot possibly   52   a day without thinking about them．Their beautiful   53   gently touches your heart each time you hear their name．In the coldest, darkest days of the winter of my life, the   54   of them will get me through it all and bring a smile to my face and I will have “spring forever in my   55 ．”
36．A．slowly        B．steadily       C．gently       D．fast
37．A．confusing     B．exciting      C．disappointing   D．a(chǎn)nnoying
38．A．supplied      B．raised          C．produced     D．presented
39．A．taking          B．breathing       C．bringing      D．getting
40．A．branches       B．leaves          C．flowers      D．fruits
41．A．seen           B．won           C．found         D．missed
42．A．threat       B．a(chǎn)ttack         C．weight       D．control
43．A．hurt          B．broke           C．struck          D．cured
44．A．expecting      B．learning         C．judging       D．borrowing
45．A．predicting     B．lacking         C．desiring      D．experiencing
46．A．still         B．even            C．once          D．just
47．A．lighter        B．softer         C．stronger      D．lower
48．A．Sadly       B．Luckily        C．Hopefully      D．Jokingly
49．A．when       B．before         C．a(chǎn)fter          D．since
50．A．casually       B．slowly         C．secretly       D．briefly
51．A．brighten      B．waste        C．ruin          D．end
52．A．put off        B．take up       C．go through    D．use up
53．A．expression    B．a(chǎn)ppearance    C．figure         D．spirit
54．A．memory      B．understanding  C．sympathy     D．tolerance
55．A．experience      B．theory       C．heart           D．conscience

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


Many of us like cooking but never have much time for it. Helen Fry’s new book Quick Cooking has been specially written for busy people. It has over 1,000 recipes, from the famous Spanish gazpacho to Swedish smorgasbord. The book is well written and the photographs and drawings are clear. (They are like those in the excellent little Quick Dressmaking and Quick Gardening.) The book has a strong plastic cover. It is easy to find your way around it too. And busy people, notice this! Mrs. Fry tells you how much time you need in order to get each dish ready.
Quick Cooking has 4 parts, one for each season. This helps you to use fresh fruit and vegetables when they are cheaper—and, of course, better. There are a lot of exciting ideas from foreign countries, and most of the recipes are easy to follow. You take something simple like a chicken or some cheese, and make and unusual dish out of it. For example, there are no fewer than 40 recipes for eggs! Mrs. Fry does not plan complete meals for the “quick book”. The beginners will have to find out a lot of things for himself—or herself. But this ought not to be difficult with such a good book. I wanted to try many of the recipes as soon as I read them. For people with little spare time Helen Fry’s Quick Cooking is excellent value. 
1. Helen Fry’s book is called Quick Cooking because ___.
A. you can cook all the dishes in it quickly
B. there is over 1,000 recipes in it
C. it is written for people who don’t have much time
D. it tells you how to cook all kinds of food quickly
2. Busy people should notice that _____.
A. all the recipes in the book are easy to follow
B. there are clear photographs and drawings in the book
C. the book has a strong cover
D. they are told how long each dish takes to cook
3. This passage is most probably ____.
A. a book review             B. a notice
C. a letter to an editor         D. an introduction on cooking
4. We can infer from the passage that _____.
A. Helen Fry is good at writing books quickly
B. complete meals are planned only for beginners
C. there are quite a few “quick books” for busy people
D. beginners are advised to start making meals out of the cheapest materials

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


When you watch a movie in the cinema, you may wonder how “the moving pictures” is made and where the voices, and noises and music come from. Now here is the answer.
In modern times, the middle part of a cinema film has lots of small photographs, each one of which is different from the one before it. Each photograph is brought in front of a strong light, and there it stops for a very small part of a second. This photograph, therefore, appears on the screen, and we see it. Then the light is covered and the next photograph is moved to the position in the front of the strong light. Meanwhile, the metal cover turns away from the light. Thus, the second photograph is shown on the screen. This is done again and again, twenty-four times a second, and we think we are watching a moving picture on the screen. But nothing on the screen actually moves. ”The moving picture” is in fact made up of a lot of bits. We see about 86,000 different pictures every hour, but none of them moves.
The voices, noises and music are recorded on the side of the cinema film. The record looks like marks of strange shapes. The side of the film passes in front of another light, and the rays of light which pass through change as the marks change. These marks have been made from the voices and other sounds of the people and events in front of the cinema when the film is being made. The marks may be considered as “printed sounds”.
1. When a cinema film is shown, how long does each photograph appear on the screen?
A. One twenty-third of a second.
B. One twenty-fourth of a second
C. A few seconds
D. One thirty-fifth of a second.
2. Why can we see pictures moving on the screen?
A. We see about 86,000 different pictures every hour.
B. Each picture is a little different from the former.
C. Photographs change quickly.
D. Both B and C.
3. What is a cinema film made up of?
A. Small photographs and a strong light.
B. Small photographs and the sounds.
C. A lot of bits.
D. Voices and photographs.
4. Which is the true about the sound record?
A. It sounds strange.
B. It looks as irregular marks.
C. It is printed in the middle of a film.
D. It is made while the film is being shown on the screen.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


Their grandmothers fought for the vote, and their mothers have battled to have it all. Now the upcoming generation of girls have decided to turn the clock back and stay at home with their babies.
According to a survey of more than 5,000 teenage girls in Britain, their main ambition (追求的目標) is to complete university then stay at home. More than nine out of ten of the girls believe it should be up to their husbands to provide for them. And although 43 percent of those questioned believe they should continue with their education until they have achieved a university degree, one in four say getting married is the most important thing for them.
The supposedly super-modern, “fun comes first” teenage generation has proved to be very traditional in every area of their beliefs, with over 50 percent saying they would not dream of having children before seeing a ring on their finger.
The desire to have children is beginning earlier too. On average, teenage girls plan to have their first child at 26, and most plan to have one or two more children over the following four years. The national average now is 1.64 children per couple.
“This survey doesn’t show that the battles of feminism (女權(quán)運動) have been lost,” said author Claire Rayner, “Feminism was never opposed (反對) to marriage or children. On the contrary, feminism was about to equal opportunities for women to do what they wanted to do, when they wanted to do it, and this is exactly what these girls are choosing to do.”
小題1:The passage is mainly about ________.
A．the result of the battles of feminism
B．women’s struggle for independence in the society
C．the girls’ desire to stay at home after they graduate
D．women’s social status in the modern society
小題2:Girls prefer to be housewives rather than independent women because _______.
A．it’s hard for women to find jobs
B．men would rather their wives look after babies at home
C．girls want to live a more comfortable life
D．women have a low salary
小題3:. From the last paragraph we can see that Rayner thinks ________.
A．women should stay at home with their babies
B．women should find jobs and support the family
C．women should be offered more job opportunities
D．women should live the life they like

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


Dinner was almost ready when the killing happened．When Don Wise walked into the living room of his home，his ten-year-old son，Mike，and a 12-year-old friend were sitting in front of a large-screen television set．They were playing a video game they had rented(租賃), called Golden eye 007，one of the top-selling titles of 2007．
Standing behind the boys，Wise saw that one boy pushed the button and shot the character in the face．Blood splattered(噴濺)the lab coat of the character as he circled and fell．“You’re down!”the boy said，laughing．
Frightened by the child’s obvious fun，Wise ordered the boys to turn the game off．“This game is terrible．“he said seriously．“I don’t want you to play with this any more．”
Video games have become pervasive form of entertainment since the 1990s．Today about 69 percent of American families own or rent video and computer games．Most are harmless entertainment，but in far too many of the most popular ones，kids are acting out realistic violent experiences on their TV and computer screens．“These are not just games any more，”says Rick Dyer，president of the San Diego-based Virtual Image Productions.“These are learning machines．We’re teaching kids in the most incredible way what it’s like to pull the trigger(扳機)．The focus is on the thrill，enjoyment and reward．What they’re not realizing are the real-life results.“
Such video games introduce kids to a fantasy world that features amazingly lifelike characters，detailed images of brutality(野蠻)。 Unlike movies and television，where you watch the violence，the video game lets you feel the sensation（感覺） of taking violent actions． When you’re into the game，you’re in the game． 
“The technology is becoming more engaging（吸引人的） for kids，”says David Walsh，president of the National Institute on Media and the Family(NIMF)，a watchdog group in Minneapolis，“and a part of the games features anti-social themes of violence，sex and rude language．Unfortunately，it’s a part that seems particularly popular with kids between ages 8 to15．”
57．Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of this passage?
A．Video game violence is very harmful to kids．
B．Video game is a common form of entertainment．
C．Video game violence is popular with children．
D  Video game is the reflection of the real—life violence．
58．We can infer from the passage that the_____________．
A．NIMF is characteristic for its social justice
B．NIMF is a political organization in Minneapolis
C．NIMF promotes(推崇) video games and other media products
D．NIMF detects（偵查） the media industry’s illegal actions（違法行為）
59．The underlined word“pervasive”in Paragraph 4 most probably means____________．
A．worldwide        B．instructive       C．widespread      n harmful
60．Which of the following statements would Rick Dyer agree with?
A  Video games with some violence teach kids to experience real life．
B．Video games are realistic ways to learn more about the real life  world．
C．Video games with fantastic features are loved by most kids in the US．
D  Violence video games have a negative influence on children．

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


"To be or not to be". Outside the Bible, these six words are the most famous in all the literature of the world. They were spoken by Hamlet when he was thinking aloud, and they are the most famous words in Shakespeare because Hamlet was speaking not only for himself but for every thinking man and woman. To be or not to be―to live or not to live, to live richly and abundantly and eagerly, or to live dully and meanly and scarcely. A philosopher once wanted to know whether he was alive or not, which is a good question for everyone to put to himself occasionally. He answered it by saying: "I think, therefore I am."
But the best definition of existence I ever saw was one written by another philosopher who said: "To be is to be in relations." If this is true, then the more relations a living thing has, the more it is alive. To live abundantly means simply to increase the range and intensity (強度)of our relations. Unfortunately, we are so constituted that we get to love our routine. But other than our regular occupation, how much are we alive? If you are interested only in your regular occupation, you are alive only to that extent. So far as other things are concerned~poetry and prose, music, pictures, sports, unselfish friendships, politics, international affairs―you are dead.
On the contrary, it is true that every time you acquire a new interest―even more, a new accomplishment―you increase your power of life. No one who is deeply interested in different ourselves. Let us widen and intensify our relations. While we live, let us live.
63.What does the author mainly want to do by this passage?
Argue against an idea.                         B. Put forward an idea.
C. Introduce some famous sayings.             D. Explain some famous sayings.
64.What does the underlined word "pessimist" most probably mean?
A. Somebody who always expects the worst to happen.
B.Somebody who is always interested in making new friends.
C.Somebody who always lives in a world of passion and imagination.
D.Somebody who likes to live a rich and abundant life.
65.Which of the following behaviors is most probably NOT encouraged by the author?
A. Thinking more than your own business.
B. Caring only about your physical welfare.
C.Reading good novels.
D.Listening to fine music.
66.What is the main idea of the passage?
A. To be or not to be, that is a question.
B. I think, therefore I am.
C. To be is to be in relations.
D. A man dies as often as he loses a friend.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The first thing my host father “warmed” me was that almost everyone in America was a big hugger.
I didn’t understand what he meant until my first party. Whether they were friends or strangers, teenagers or elders, girls or guys, everyone I met gave me a big hug.
However, as time went on, I began to understand America’s hugging culture. When a friend broke up with me, I was sad. When I told my best American friend about it, she said nothing but put her arms around me. Then warmth of the hug was a greater comfort than anything she could have said to me.
One winter day I was walking along the street, shivering（顫抖）. It was then I saw two women, each holding a paper board, on which there were two words：FREE HUGS. Their were red because of the freezing weather and they were jumping up and down to keep themselves warm. “Hi, girl! Do you want a hug?” One of them asked me. I went up and opened my arms. The hug was short but warm and it took some of the coldness of the day away.
After that I became a big hugger myself. One time my host father and I were traveling to another town. When we reached a restaurant where my friend Cindy worked, he stopped the car.
“What’ wrong?” I asked.” “Alice, why don’t you go inside and give Cindy a hug?” He suggested. I went into the restaurant, ran straight up to Cindy, and gave her a hug before she realized what was going on. “That was a big surprise! And you got my day sweetie! ” She told me later.
A hug is a way to communicate love and care. Do you want a hug? My arms are wide open.
56．The point of the first three paragraphs is to explain      .
A．how body language is more important than actual words
B．why hugging is so important in American culture
C．how expressing, feelings can be difficult for Chinese
D．how the author’s attitude toward hugging culture changed
57．We can infer from the passage that the host father      .
A．seldom has has time to spend with the author
B．often shares his experience with the author
C．warns the author of the possible danger
D．teachers the author to show her care for her friends
58．According the passage, a hug can make us feel
A．comforted, loved and cared for                   B．happy, understood and amazed                 
C．excited, wise and surprised     D．cared for, wise and happy

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