Question

【題目】Retirement Age

Retirement is the point where a person stops employment completely. The "standard" retirement age varies from country to country, but it is generally between 50 and 70, according to the latest statistics, 2011. However, for a long time, people have got into an argument about whether the age of retirement should be increased or reduced in their own countries.

There are several arguments for allowing older people to continue working as long as they are able. Many people think that older employees have a large amount of knowledge and experience which can be lost to a business or organization if they are made to retire. Besides, older employees are often extremely faithful employees and are more willing to implement company policies than the young. A more important point is regarding the attitudes in society to old people. To force someone to resign or retire at 60 or 65 indicates that the society does not value the input of these people and that effectively their useful life is over.

Allowing old people to work indefinitely(無限期地), however, is not always a good policy. Some people took the strong view that age alone is no guarantee of ability. Many young employees have more experience or skills than older staff, who may have been stuck in one area for most of their working lives. Having compulsory retirement allows new ideas in an organization. On the other hand, older people should be rewarded by society for their life's labor by being given generous pensions and the freedom to enjoy leisure. They can have time to do whatever they like, that is, they can have their own plans or roles and achieve their retirement goals.

With many young people unemployed or frustrated in low-level positions, there are often calls to compulsorily retire older workers. However, this can affect the older individual's freedom—and right—to work. In my opinion, giving workers more choices over their retirement age will benefit society and the individual.

【1】According to the passage, old people should go on with work because _________.

A.they will help the business not to fail quickly

B.they have grasped much practical experience

C.they need to have a sense of achievement

D.they want to learn more knowledge

【2】The underlined word "implement" in Paragraph 2 probably means "_________".

A.take overB.work on

C.get rid ofD.carry out

【3】The third paragraph is mainly to tell us that _________.

A.older people can't do their work well

B.young people usually have new ideas

C.it is better for older people to retire on time

D.older people would like to do, something else

【4】What is the author's attitude towards compulsory retirement?

A.positiveB.neutral

C.negativeD.uncertain

【5】Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

CP: Central Point P:Point Sp: Sub-point（次要點） C:Conclusion

A.B.

C.D.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】B

【2】D

【3】C

【4】C

【5】A

【解析】

這是一篇議論文。對多大年齡應(yīng)該退休不同的人有不同的看法，作者認為給予人們更多的對退休年齡的選擇權(quán)，將有利于社會和個人。

【1】細節(jié)理解題。第二段中的Many people think that older employees have a large amount of knowledge and experience which can be lost to a business or organization if they are made to retire. 許多人認為，年長的員工擁有大量知識和經(jīng)驗，如果他們被迫退休，這些知識和經(jīng)驗可能對企業(yè)或組織來講是個損失。所以，年長的員工應(yīng)該繼續(xù)工作，來充分利用他們的知識和經(jīng)驗。選項B他們掌握了很多實際經(jīng)驗。切題，故選B。

【2】詞義猜測題。第二段Besides, older employees are often extremely faithful employees and are more willing to implement company policies than the young可知，此外，年長的員工往往是非常忠誠的員工，比年輕的員工更愿意執(zhí)行公司的政策。所以通過上下文的語境可以判斷出，畫線詞是“執(zhí)行”的意思，故選D。

【3】段落大意題。第三段的第一句Allowing old people to work indefinitely(無限期地), however, is not always a good policy. 然而，允許老年人一直工作下去并不總是一個好的政策�？梢钥闯龅谌�段要談人們對退休年齡的另一種看法：老年人不應(yīng)該不設(shè)退休年限而一直工作下去。選C選項“對老年人而言按時退休要更好些”。為本段的主旨大意。故選C。

【4】推理判斷題。最后一段中的With many young people unemployed or frustrated in low-level positions, there are often calls to compulsorily retire older workers. However, this can affect the older individual's freedom—and right—to work.由于許多年輕人失業(yè)或不得志地擔(dān)任低級別職位，人們常常要求強迫老年工人退休。但是，這可能會影響老年人的工作自由和權(quán)利。文中作者用了However表達出了對強制退休的觀點態(tài)度，是不支持的，故選C。

【5】推理判斷題。文章一開頭However, for a long time, people have got into an argument about whether the age of retirement should be increased or reduced in their own countries. 然而，長期以來，人們一直在爭論，在一個國家，退休年齡是應(yīng)該延長還是縮短。這就是本文的中心論題，接著第二段和第三段給出了兩種不同的觀點，第二段的觀點中講了三個次要點：1.年長的員工擁有大量知識和經(jīng)驗，如果他們被迫退休，這些知識和經(jīng)驗可能對企業(yè)或組織來講是個損失。2.年長的員工通常是非常忠誠的員工，他們比年輕員工更愿意執(zhí)行公司政策。3. 強迫員工在60歲或65歲辭職或退休，表明社會并不重視這些人的投入，表明他們對社會有用的生活已經(jīng)結(jié)束。最后一段是總結(jié)，所以本篇文章的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)是一個中心，兩個觀點，三個次要點，最后總結(jié)。選項A切題，故選A。

議論文推理判斷題中的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題，要把題干所給各縮寫所代表的含義弄清楚，然后比較4個選項所表示篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的差異在哪里，求異法來選擇正確選項。本題的第5小題是一道篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題，4個選項中的D選項與其余3個的不同在于它沒有次要點，讀完文章后知道本文是有次要點的，排除選項D。選項A、B和選項C的區(qū)別是前兩個有3個次要點，選項C有5個次要點：觀點1中有3個次要點，觀點2中有2個次要點。文章中的觀點2是沒有次要點的，排除選項C。選項A和選項B的區(qū)別是次要點的歸屬，選項A是觀點1中有次要點，選項B中是觀點2中有次要點。按照文章順序先提出的是觀點1，很明顯在文中它有次要點，從而選定答案A。