2.A 16-year survey on the arctic Norwegian island of Svalbard found the reindeer(馴鹿)there have declined in weight by an alarming 12percent.The reduction in average body-mass is being blamed on global warming.
In research presented lately at a meeting of the British Ecological Society in Liverpool,scientists will explain how rising temperatures are making female reindeer difficult to obtain nutrients during important periods of being pregnant.
Snow in Svalbard typically covers the ground for eight months of the year,which,combined with low temperatures,limits grass growth to June and July.But as summer temperatures have increased by around 1.5℃,grasslands have become more productive,allowing female reindeer to gain more weight by the autumn and therefore to conceive(孕育)more calves.
However,warmer winters have brought with them greater rainfall which freezes when is settles on the snow,therefore locking out the reindeer from the life-supporting food below.As a result,female reindeer are becoming starved,causing them to give birth to much lighter young.The average mass of an adult reindeer in 1998,when the survey began,was 55kg,but by 2016 IT had dropped to 48kg.
Professor Steve Albon,an ecologist at the James Hatton Institute in Aberdeen,said that,because the mammals have a relatively high surface-area-to-volume ratio(表面積與體積比),they are no particularly energy efficient.
Reindeer can often access the inadequate food sources beneath the snow by clearing IT away with their antlers(鹿角),but they cannot break through the hard ice.Without access to the food in winter,calves are being born far lighter than they should be.Numbers of reindeer have also increased rapidly in the past 20 years,meaning that those which are born are facing greater competition for food."The implication(含義)are that there may well be more smaller reindeer in the Arctic in the coming decades,but possibly at the risk of catastrophic die-offs because of increased ice on the ground,"said Professor Albon Despite the gloomy findings,reindeer appear to be suffering less from the impact of climate change than some other arctic species.
32.Which of the following may be the most important reason for the smaller reindeer?D
A.Heavy snow.
B.Greater rainfall.
C.Hard ice.
D.Global warming.
33.According to the passage,rising temperatures will not lead toC.
A.grass growing more rapidly in summer
B.more rainfall in the arctic area in winter
C.female reindeer's gaining more weight in winter
D.female reindeer's suffering from hunger in winter
34.What does the underlined word"gloomy"in the last paragraph mean?C
A.Exciting.
B.Optimistic.
C.Disappointing.
D.Doubtful.
35.How does the writer develop the passage?A
A.By analyzing the research.
B.By classification of reindeer.
C.By comparing opinions of experts.
D.By telling stories of different species.
分析 短文主要講的是全球變暖致使馴鹿體重變小,通過研究來分析這種現(xiàn)象.
解答 32.D,細節(jié)理解題,根據句子The reduction in average body-mass is being blamed on global warming.可知,致使馴鹿體重變小是由于全球變暖,故答案為D.
33.C,細節(jié)理解題,根據句子scientists will explain how rising temperatures are making female reindeer difficult to obtain nutrients 可知,溫度的升高不會讓雌性馴鹿在冬天體重增加,故答案為C.
34.C,詞義猜測題,根據前面的發(fā)現(xiàn)The implication(含義)are that there may well be more smaller reindeer in the Arctic in the coming decades,將來可能會有更多體重變小的馴鹿,可以推測這個發(fā)現(xiàn)是"令人失望的",故答案為C.
35.A,推理判斷題,短文主要講的是全球變暖致使馴鹿體重變小,通過研究來分析這種現(xiàn)象,因此短文是通過分析研究得出結果的,故答案為A.
點評 解答任務型閱讀理解題,首先對原文材料迅速瀏覽,掌握全文的主旨大意.因為閱讀理解題一般沒有標題,所以,速讀全文,抓住中心主旨很有必要,在速讀的過程中,應盡可能多地捕獲信息材料.其次,細讀題材,各個擊破.掌握全文的大意之后,細細閱讀每篇材料后的問題,弄清每題要求后,帶著問題,再回到原文中去尋找、捕獲有關信息.最后,要善于抓住每段的主題句,閱讀時,要有較強的針對性.對于捕獲到的信息,要做認真分析,仔細推敲,理解透徹,只有這樣,針對題目要求,才能做到穩(wěn)、準.