Losing weight comes with a lot of health benefits—including making your brain sharper.
Yes, it turns out that overweight may damage cognitive functions (認(rèn)知功能) such as memory and attention. There have been few studies of overweight and cognitive functioning, possibly because it is generally believed that it is not a primary risk cause for poor cognitive performance. Losing weight, therefore, may help improve these mental functions, according to a new research led by John Gunstad, assistant professor of psychology at Kent State University.
Growing evidence suggests that being fat is linked to cognitive deficits (缺陷). So Gunstad and his team guessed that losing weight might improve mental function. For their study, they measured memory and attention in a group of 150 overweight participants, some of whom had some kind of operation for weight loss and some did not. All of the volunteers completed mental skills tests to assess their abilities of memory and attention at the beginning of the study, and again 12 weeks later. To begin with, about 24% of the patients showed damaged learning and 23% showed signs of poor memory when tested. At the end of the study, those who had lost weight after operation improved their scores into the average or above average range for cognitive functions. Scores for the volunteers who didn’t lose weight dropped even further.
The study helped Gunstad to find out whether losing weight had any effect on mental function. Now that he’s seen the positive effect that weight loss can have on memory and attention, he says he will next study those who choose to lose weight by the traditional way—eating healthier and getting more active. He expects that losing weight in this way will have a similarly positive effect on the brain. “If we can improve the condition with operations, then we can probably produce the same change with behavioral weight loss as well,” he says.
小題1:There is less research on overweight and cognitive functions because researchers _____.
A．believe overweight only affects our body
B．have focused on ways to sharpen people’s mind
C．do not consider overweight a main cause for low cognitive ability
D．a(chǎn)re clear about the relation between weight and mental functions
小題2:The result of Gunstad’s study shows that ______.
A．losing weight has little effect on people’s memory
B．losing weight can improve people’s mental functions
C．overweight people are likely to have psychology problems
D．overweight people’s abilities of concentration differ greatly
小題3:What is Gunstad planning to prove next in his research?
A．Slim people are smarter than overweight people.
B．Healthy diet is better than exercise in losing weight.
C．Traditional ways of losing weight are better than operation.
D．Overweight people will get smarter by taking more exercise.
小題4:Which of the following is the best title for th e text?
A．Body Weight and Health
B．Losing Weight by Operation
C．Ways to Improve Mental Functions
D．Losing Weight to S harpen Your MindD

小題1:C  
小題2:B
小題3:D
小題4:D

試題分析: 根據(jù)一項(xiàng)新的研究表明減肥會(huì)給人們帶來(lái)很多好處，其中之一就是讓人們更聰明。Gunstad和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)對(duì)150名肥胖人員進(jìn)行了調(diào)查，其中通過(guò)手術(shù)減肥的人們智力明顯比減肥前要高，由此他希望能夠在通過(guò)鍛煉減肥的人們身上也看到這種效果。
小題1:C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中There have been few studies of overweight and cognitive functioning, possibly because it is generally believed that it is not a primary risk cause for poor cognitive performance.可知人們?cè)诖酥昂苌傺芯糠逝趾驼J(rèn)知功能之間存在關(guān)系的原因是人們沒(méi)有認(rèn)為肥胖是導(dǎo)致認(rèn)知功能下降的基本原因，答案選C。
小題2:B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章首段Losing weight, therefore, may help improve these mental functions,可知減肥可以改善大腦功能，故選B。
小題3:D推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章末段Now that he’s seen the positive effect …… he says he will next study those who choose to lose weight by the traditional way—eating healthier and getting more active.可以判斷他在接下來(lái)要研究那些通過(guò)鍛煉和健康飲食減肥的人們，看是否健康減肥也存在這種對(duì)大腦的積極影響，選D。
小題4:D主旨大意題。文章首段提出中心Losing weight comes with a lot of health benefits—including making your brain sharper.，然后在下文中對(duì)這項(xiàng)研究進(jìn)行詳細(xì)介紹，故D選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容可以概括文章中心，答案選D。
練習(xí)冊(cè)系列答案
相關(guān)習(xí)題

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

If you've been joining in chat room conversations, or trading e-mail with Web pals, you have become one of the millions who write in a peculiarly short form of English.?
And you've got a sense of humor about short forms like SOHF(="sense" of humor failure) to describe Internet newcomers who don't understand you.
Across the globe, every night teenagers and their elders are “talking” online—many of them are talking at the same time.?
It's fast: try talking to six people at once. It's brief: three or four words per exchange. It takes wit, concentration, and quick fingers.?
And it requires tremendous linguistic economy. There's neither time nor space for explanations. Why consume precious key-strokes telling six friends you have to leave for a moment to take care of your little brother when BRB(="be" right back) will do? Want to enter a conversation? Just type PMFJI(="pardon" me for jumping in).  Interested in whom you're talking to? Type A/S/L, the nearly universal request to know your pal's age, sex and location. You may get 15/M/NY as a response from your pal.?
If something makes you laugh, say you're OTF(="on" the floor),or LOL(="laughing" out loud),or combine the two into ROTFL(="rolling" on the floor laughing).?
And when it's time to get back to work or go to bed, you type GTG(="got" to go) or TTYL(talk to you later).?
People want to write as fast as possible, and they want to get their ideas across as quickly as they can. Capital letters are left in the dust, except when expressing emotion, as it takes more time to hold down the “shift” key and capitals. Punctuation is going, too.?
小題1:In order to talk to several people at the same time on the Internet_______.
A．you have to speak fast and fluently?
B．you have to express your ideas in a brief way?
C．you should speak with wit and humor　?
D．one should pay much attention to the accuracy of the words?
小題2:If you get 17/F/NY as an answer to your A/S/L, it means_______.?
A．the person on the other end is 17 from New York and he is fine?
B．you are talking to a girl who is 17 and lives in New York?
C．you are talking to 17 girls who are from New York?
D．the person who are talking to you is a 1.7-foot tall New York girl?
小題3:To save time on the Internet_______.?
A．some people leave their letters in the dustbin?
B．some people never use “shift” in their writing?
C．many people leave the capital and punctuation?
D．people seldom use capital letters or punctuation

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Since we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships .One strength of the human condition is our possibility to give and receive support from one another under stressful conditions .Social support makes up of the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties .Those of us with strong support systems appear better able to cope with major life changes and daily hassles(困難). People with strong social ties live longer and have better health than those without such ties. Studies over types of illnesses, from depression to heart disease, show that the presence of social support helps people fend off(擋開(kāi)) illness, and the absence of such support makes poor health more likely.
Social support cushions stress in a number of ways .First, friends, relatives and co-workers may let us know that they value us .Our self-respect is strengthened when we feel accepted by others in spite of our faults and difficulties. Second, other people often provide us with informational support .They help us to define and understand our problems and find solutions to them. Third, we typically find social companionship supportive. Taking part in free-time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting (轉(zhuǎn)移注意力)us from our worries and troubles. Finally, other people may give us instrumental support—money aid ,material resources, and needed services—that reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with our problems.
56. Interpersonal relationships are important because _______.
A. they are indispensable(不可缺少的)to people’s social well-being   
B. they awaken people’s desire to exchange resources
C. they help people to cope with life in the information era
D. they can cure a range of illnesses such as heart disease, etc
57. Research shows that people's physical and mental health _______.
A. relies on the social medical care systems which support them
B. has much to do with the amount of support they get from others
C. depends on their ability to deal with daily worries and troubles
D. is closely related to their strength for coping with major changes in their lives
58. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “cushions”?
(Line 1, Para 2)
A. adds up to                      B. does away with
C. lessens the effect of                D. lays the foundation for
59. Helping a sick neighbor with some repair work is an example of _______.
A. instrumental support             B. informational support
C. social companionship             D. the strengthening of self-respect
60. Social companionship is beneficial in that__________.
A. it helps strengthen our ties with relatives
B. it enables us to eliminate our faults and mistakes
C. it makes our leisure-time activities more enjoyable
D. it draws our attention away from our worries and troubles

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：完形填空

In the US and Britain, the slogan around colleges was “Save water. Shower with a friend.” Now, Wuhan University has come up with another system for the campus bathhouse. It charges students for the amount of time in a shower. Before entering the bathhouse, students pay for the amount of time they want in the shower with cash or their student ID card. The clock starts ticking the minute the tape is turned on. It pauses when a button is pressed for soap. An integrated circuit(IC) card reader at each tap shows the time. No money, no water. The benefits of the new system can be seen with the old system, which charged 1 yuan for each person regardless of time in the shower. The university used about 320 tones of water daily under the old system, but only 160 tons now.
Many students use the new system but opinions on it are divided. Some students say it is bad because bathing had become a sort of race. Many people using it for the first time are not sure how long they need to shower. Some might be embarrassed if their time is up and they’re still covered in soap. They have to ask the bathhouse worker to help them buy extra time.
“It’s a flaw in the system that you can not buy extra time on the ID card,” said Ren, a freshman in Wuhan University. The university is also considering some students’ suggestions that they be allowed to pay after they’ve finished the shower. Not surprisingly, some are complaining about losing the hour shower. But many students say the move helps them develop a water-saving sense.
Without the time limits, most students tended to shower for 30 to an hour in the bathhouse.
Some even used the hot water to wash their clothes. “In my experience, 10-20 minutes is enough,” said Dai Zhihua, a third-year student who usually takes 8 minutes.
A similar system has been installed in other universities. Shanghai Normal University introduced it at its Fengxiang Campus in September. The bathing fee there is 0.2 yuan per minute. One male student responded by setting a record with a two-minute shower.
51. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
A. Students pay for the amount of time they want in the shower.
B. The clock times all through while the student is bathing except when the bather paused for soap.
C. If money runs out, there will be no water.
D. Having finished bathing, the student has to pay for it.
52. The underline word “flaw” (Paragraph3) most probably means______.
A. perfection   B. advantage    C. pity      D. fault
53. Since the new system has performed, ______ of water can be saved.
A. a quarter   B. one third   C. one half   D. two thirds
54. It can be inferred from the passage that______.
A. the new operation can solve the water crisis.
B. The new operation can raise students’ environmental awareness.
C. a similar operation has been set in other universities.
D. The university has saved a lot of water by using the new system.
55. In which column can you find this passage?
A. People.    B. Society.  C. Campus Life.   D. Lifesty

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

There have always been a lot of commonly believed but false ideas about being fat and doing exercise. Some people believe that they can’t help putting on weight as they get older, while others hold that if they stop exercising, their muscles will turn into fat. Here are some more myths:
I’ll never lose weight --- I come from a fat family
Wrong! While we can’t change the body type we are born with, we can’t blame our genes for making us fat. There’s plenty of evidence that fatness runs in families, and the main reason is that they share the same habits of eating too much and exercise too little.
I am fat because I burn calories slowly
Wrong! Fatness is not caused by a slow metabolism（新陳代謝）. If fact, although fat people consume more energy that slim people, they also fail to realize how much they eat! Keeping a diary can help you work out your daily food intake more accurately.
Exercise is boring
Wrong! Anything will become boring if you do it repetitively. The key is to develop a balanced and varied program that’s fun as well as progressive. If you enjoy a Sunday walk, take a different route. If you do Yoga, try a tai chi class. If you like swimming, set yourself a distance or time challenge.
No pain, no gain
Wrong! Exercise is not meant to hurt. Indeed, pain is your body telling you something’s wrong, and continuing to exercise could lead to serious injury. You may experience mild discomfort as you begin to exercise regularly, but this your body adapting to the positive changes in your lifestyle and the aches should disappear relatively quickly. If you don’t, rest and seek medical advice.
小題1:What does the author think about being fat?
A．It is the family genes that make people fat.
B．People are fat because they consume too little energy.
C．A diary of exercise can prevent people from becoming fat.
D．It is the consequence of people’s unbalanced lifestyle.
小題2:According to the author, how can we make exercise more interesting?
A．By taking varied exercise.
B．By choosing simple exercise.
C．By doing regular exercise.
D．By sticking to outdoor exercise.
小題3:What is the author’s opinion about “No pain, no gain” in exercising?
A．Keeping fit is essentially a painful experience.
B．Exercise should be stopped if continuous pain is felt.
C．Pain in exercise is a precondition for reaching your goal.
D．Getting used to pain leads to positive changes in your body.
小題4:What is the purpose of the passage?
A．To declare the importance of keeping fit.
B．To clarify some misconceptions about fatness and exercise.
C．To confirm what has long been believed about keeping fit.
D．To explain some medical facts about being fat and doing exercise.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Last summer, when Amanda R of Anaheim Hills, California, was running on a cross-country course with her team, she blacked out. “I got really dizzy,” she says. “I was out for a few minutes.” At first, Amanda thought she was just tired and didn’t think she had a health problem. She did go to the emergency room, where she was fine after tests, but she fainted (昏厥) again several days later as she was talking with her coach. Another doctor guessed that Amanda had blacked out “because we were in heat so much with not enough water and not enough of the right kind of foods”.
Teens often don’t want to stop and take a break or don’t notice when they start to feel bad, doctors say. However, paying attention if you’re not feeling well is important, as Amanda learned.
As a result, Amanda has changed her habits. “I drink a lot more water,” she says. “And put more salt in my diet. I’m eating more balanced meals.” Amanda advises teen athletes to trust their coaches and speak up when they’re not feeling well. “And recognize the difference between when you’re tired and when there’s something really wrong.”
Some people － up to 3 percent of the population － sweat too much, even in cold weather. The condition, called hyperhidrosis (多汗), can affect many parts and it often runs in families － hands down from generation to generation. Too much sweating over the whole body could be a symptom of another medical condition. Doctors aren’t sure what causes hyperhidrosis, but using special medications or other treatments can help.
小題1:What caused the happening mentioned in the passage during Amanda’s running?
A．She couldn’t breathe in enough air in the race.
B．She didn’t eat anything before the race.
C．She had been running all summer without a rest.
D．She neither drank enough water nor ate enough of the right kind of foods.
小題2:What can we infer from Paragraph 4?
A．There is no need to worry when sweating too much, even in cold weather.
B．Hyperhidrosis may have a bad effect on your health.
C．Doctors have discovered why people get hyperhidrosis.
D．Hyperhidrosis is a serious disease and no treatment can help.
小題3:The purpose of writing this passage is to____________.
A．tell teens the proper ways to take exercise in summer.
B．tell teens not to run in hot summer.
C．tell teens to pay attention to hyperhidrosis in the summer exercise
D．tell teens how to keep healthy.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Cell phones:  is there a cancer link?
Could your cell phone give you cancer? Whether it could or not, some people are worrying about the possibility that phones, power lines and Wi-Fi could be responsible for a range of illnesses, from rashes to brain tumors.
Some say there is evidence to support the growing anxieties. David Carpenter, a professor of environmental health sciences at the university at Albany, in New York, thinks there’s a greater than 95 percent chance that power lines can cause childhood leukemia(白血病). Also there’s a greater than 90 percent chance that cell phones can cause brain tumors. “It’s apparent now that there’s a real risk, ” said Carpenter.
But others believe these concerns are unjustified. Dr Martha Linet, the head of radiation epidemiology(流行病學(xué)) at the US National Cancer Institute, has looked at the same research as Carpenter but has reached a different conclusion. “I don’t support warning labels for cell phones, ” said Linet. “We don’t have the evidence that there’s much danger. ”
Studies so far suggest a weak connection between EMFs(電磁場(chǎng)) and illness— so weak that it might not exist at all. A multinational investigation of cell phones and brain cancer, in 13 countries outside the US, has been underway for several years. It’s funded in part by the European Union, in part by a cell phone industry group. The final report should come out later this year, but data so far don’t suggest a strong link between cell phone use and cancer risk.
小題1:From the passage we can learn that some people are worried because _______.
A．they have evidence that the use of cell phones can lead to cancer
B．they make a fuss over cell phone use
C．some experts have given a warning
D．cell phones are responsible for brain tumors
小題2:By saying “I don’t support warning labels for cell phones, ” Dr Martha Linet has the idea that _______.
A．the worrying is unnecessary
B．cancer-warning labels should be on cell phones
C．there is a link between cell phones and cancer
D．cell phones have nothing to do with cancer
小題3:Which of the following best describes the attitude of the author towards the debate?
A．Optimistic. B．Objective.
C．Opposite. D．Casual. ]

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Eco City Farms(生態(tài)城市農(nóng)場(chǎng)) are becoming more popular in cities and towns around the Unites States.
Eco City Farms in Edmonton, Maryland, is located near shopping centers, car repair shops and homes. The neighborhood is a working-class community(社區(qū)). People do not have very much money. And they have limited access to fresh food in markets.
Over the past two years, the farm has attracted volunteers from the community like Marcy Clark. She schools her four children at home. On a recent day she brought them to Eco City Farms for a lesson. Her son Alston Clark thinks his experience is very valuable.“I like coming out here,”he says,“You know, you connect with the earth, where your food comes from. You appreciate the food a little bit more.”
Margaret Morgan started Eco City Farms. She thinks of it as a place where people can learn to live healthier lives. “Growing food in a community brings people together,”she continues,“Every piece of what we do here is a demonstration(示范) to show people everything about how to have an eco-friendly community.”she says. From the Eco City Farms people come to know that they are not only growing food and raising chickens and bees, but improving the soil with compost(肥料)made from food waste.
Eco City Farms is an experimental operation. The farm gets its power not from the local electricity networks, but from the sun with solar panels. In winter, the green house use a geothermal(地?zé)?system.
Vegetables can be grown all year. So once a week, all winter long, neighbors like Chris Moss and her three children bike to the farm to pick up a share of the harvest.
“I like eating the vegetables ”say five-year-old Owen Moss.
小題1:What is mainly talked about in the passage?
A．Eco City Farms save a lot of energy.
B．Eco City Farms are gaining popularity.
C．Eco City Farms are influencing community life.
D．Eco City Farms helps the working-class live better.
小題2:According to the passage, Eco City Farms are close to the following places EXCEPT______.
A．shopping centers B．car repair shops
C．fast-food restaurantsD．working-class community
小題3:What is the author’s attitude toward Eco City Farms?
A．Enthusiastic(熱心的).B．Disappointed.
C．Surprised.D．Doubtful.
小題4:In which column(專欄) of a newspaper can you most probably read this article?
A．People.B．Travel.C．Environment.D．Education.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The rising costs of health care have become a problem for many countries in the world. To deal with this problem, it is recommended that a big part of the government’s health budget be used for health education and disease prevention instead of treatment. Actually, many kinds of diseases are preventable in many ways and preventing a disease is usually much cheaper than treating it. For example, people could avoid catching a cold if they dressed warmly when the weather starts getting cold. But many people get sick because they fail to do so, and have to spend money seeing a doctor.
Daily habits like eating more healthy food would have kept millions of families from becoming bankrupt if the patients had taken measures for early prevention. For instance, keeping a balanced diet, such as not consuming too much animal fat and insuring a steady intake of vegetables and frits, seems to be quite important.
One very effective and costless way of prevention is regular exercise, which is necessary for a healthy mind and body. Regular exercise, such as running, walking, and playing sports is a good way to make people feel better and reduce stress.
In addition, health education plays a key role in improving people’s health. By giving people more information about health, countries could help people understand the importance of disease prevention and ways to achieve it. For example, knowing one’s family medical history is an effective way to help keep healthy. Information about health problem among close relatives will make them aware of what they should do to prevent certain diseases through lifestyle changes, Which will work before it is too late. 
However, stressing disease prevention does not mean medical treatment is unimportant. After all, prevention and treatment are just two different means toward the same effect. In conclusion, we could save money on health care and treat patients more successfully if our country spends more money on health prevention and education.
小題1:What’s the best title of the passage?
A．Prevention or Education?B．Prevention or Treatment?
C．Health or Illness?D．Exercise or Illness?
小題2:Which of the following can replace the underlined word “bankrupt”?
A．Unable to be curedB．Unable to pay one’s debts
C．Stronger than ever beforeD．More successful than ever before
小題3: We learn form the passage that _______
A．dressing warmly can prevent disease
B．a(chǎn) balanced diet is cheaper than regular exercise
C．the more health education, the better
D．the government’s health budget should be increased
小題4:Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?
 

查看答案和解析>>

同步練習(xí)冊(cè)答案