Today, when a fire breaks out, you can be sure a citizen with a cell-phone camera has posted it to Facebook or Twitter, or sent it to the media. But up to now, that citizen has not been able to easily send images and details of what is happening to the people who need it most: police, firefighters and building-security people who must respond, and whose ability to help is often measured in minutes, if not seconds.
That's about to change. A one-year old company called Elerts has developed a system that's designed to mobile and social technologies to speed the flow of information between citizens and emergency workers in time of danger. The system involves free mobile applications—iPhone and iPad app(應(yīng)用軟件)is available now—that eyewitnesses can use to report incidents and get public-safety warnings. And Elerts is offering a management console(控制臺(tái))for security firms and universities to receive the reports and distribute warnings and instructions, like a map with the best evacuation route(疏散路線).
The service is the brainchild of Chris Russo, deputy fire chief in the coastal town of Hull, Mass. As mobile communications sped up, he grew increasingly frustrated by his inability to communicate effectively with colleagues and the public, particularly with people who are at the scene and might be able to provide help.
"Remembering situations when communications failed puts a pit in my stomach," Mr. Russo says. Last summer, he was in a search at a beach for a missing boy, who went into a bathhouse but didn't come out. First responders feared an abduction (綁架) on the beach or shark attack. The child's mother, who didn't speak English well, was so sad that she couldn't remember what color shorts he had on. Mr. Russo had no photo of the child, and no ability to turn to beachgoers.
Two long hours later, the boy was spotted by a low-flying helicopter lost and alone on the beach crying—a lucky break. "If 5 percent of beachgoers had an app to receive a message and send in sightings of a lost boy, the happy ending might have come much sooner," Mr. Russo said.
【小題1】What is the passage mainly about?
A.A moving story of Chris Russo. | B.An app for reporting emergency. |
C.A cell-phone instant service. | D.An app for firm management. |
A.Makes me feel frustrated. | B.Causes a stomachache. |
C.Arouses my interest. | D.Leaves a hole in my stomach. |
A.have to carry out rescue work in minutes |
B.must send images and details immediately |
C.need images and detailed information badly |
D.have to turn to Facebook and Twitter for details |
A.a(chǎn)dvertise his creativity in communication |
B.show readers the working principle of the new system |
C.make the passage more interesting to read |
D.inform readers how Russo got the idea of the service |
【小題1】B
【小題2】A
【小題3】C
【小題4】D
解析試題分析:文章主要介紹了一個(gè)應(yīng)用軟件。這個(gè)應(yīng)用軟件能夠讓緊急情況的目擊者第一時(shí)間把信息傳遞給工作人員,使緊急救援能夠迅速展開,從而把損失降低。
【小題1】根據(jù)第二段“A one-year old company called Elerts has developed a system that's designed to mobile and social technologies to speed the flow of information between citizens and emergency workers in time of danger. The system involves free mobile applications—iPhone and iPad app(應(yīng)用軟件)is available now”可知,文章主要介紹的是一個(gè)報(bào)告緊急情況的應(yīng)用軟件。故選B。
【小題2】“Remembering situations when communications failed puts a pit in my stomach”的意思是,通訊設(shè)備未能及時(shí)報(bào)告緊急情況,這讓“我”很揪心,故選A。
【小題3】根據(jù)第二段“Elerts has developed a system that's designed to mobile and social technologies to speed the flow of information between citizens and emergency workers in time of danger”和文章大意可知,負(fù)責(zé)緊急情況的工作人員最需要第一時(shí)間獲得有關(guān)信息,故選C。
【小題4】根據(jù)“If 5 percent of beachgoers had an app to receive a message and send in sightings of a lost boy, the happy ending might have come much sooner,”可知,這個(gè)經(jīng)歷讓Russo有了開發(fā)一個(gè)這樣的軟件的想法,故選D。
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科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:閱讀理解
Most people know precious gemstones (寶石) by their appearances. An emerald flashes deep green, a ruby seems to hold a red fire inside, and a diamond shines like a star. It’s more difficult to tell where the gem was mined, since a diamond from Australia or Arkansas may appear the same to one from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. However, recently, a team of scientists has found a way to identify a gemstone’s origin.
Beneath the surface of a gemstone, on the tiny level of atoms and molecules(分子), lie clues (線索) to its origin. At this year’s meeting of the Geological Society of America in Minneapolis, Catherine McManus reported on a technique that uses lasers (激光) to clarify these clues and identify a stone’s homeland. McManus directs scientific research at Materialytics, in Killeen, Texas. The company is developing the technique. “With enough data, we could identify which country, which mining place, even the individual mine a gemstone comes from,” McManus told Science News.
Some gemstones, including many diamonds, come from war-torn countries. Sales of those “blood minerals” may encourage violent civil wars where innocent people are injured or killed. In an effort to reduce the trade in blood minerals, the U.S. government passed law in July 2010 that requires companies that sell gemstones to determine the origins of their stones.
To figure out where gemstones come from, McManus and her team focus a powerful laser on a small sample of the gemstone. The technique is called laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. Just as heat can turn ice into water or water into steam, energy from the laser changes the state of matter of the stone. The laser changes a miniscule part of the gemstone into plasma, a gas state of matter in which tiny particles(微粒)called electrons separate from atoms.
The plasma, which is superhot, produces a light pattern. (The science of analyzing this kind of light pattern is called spectroscopy.) Different elements(元素)produce different patterns, but McManus and her team say that gemstones from the same area produce similar patterns. Materialytics has already collected patterns from thousands of gemstones, including more than 200 from diamonds. They can compare the light pattern from an unknown gemstone to patterns they do know and look for a match. The light pattern acts like a signature, telling the researchers the origin of the gemstone.
In a small test, the laser technique correctly identified the origins of 95 out of every 100 diamonds. For gemstones like emeralds and rubies, the technique proved successful for 98 out of every 100 stones. The scientists need to collect and analyze more samples, including those from war-torn countries, before the tool is ready for commercial use.
Scientists like Barbara Dutrow, a mineralogist from Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge, find the technique exciting. “This is a basic new tool that could provide a better fingerprint of a material from a particular locality,” she told Science News.
【小題1】We learn from Paragraph 1 that __________________.
A.a(chǎn)n emerald and a ruby are names of diamonds. |
B.it’s not difficult to tell where the gem was mined. |
C.a(chǎn)ppearances help to identify the origin of gemstones. |
D.diamonds from different places may appear the same. |
A.To look for more gemstones. |
B.To encourage violent civil wars. |
C.To reduce the trade in blood minerals. |
D.To develop the economy. |
A.Heat can turn ice into water or water into steam. |
B.Gemstones from the same area produce similar light patterns. |
C.Laser can changes a miniscule part of the gemstone into plasma. |
D.Materialytics has already collected patterns from thousands of gemstones. |
A.It is ready for commercial use. |
B.People can use the new tool to find more gemstones. |
C.It can significantly reduce the gemstones trade in blood minerals. |
D.It will bring about a revolutionary change in identifying the origin of minerals. |
A.tell us how to identify the origin of diamonds. |
B.introduce a laser technique in identifying a stone’s origin |
C.prove identifying the origin of gemstones are difficult |
D.a(chǎn)ttract our attention to reducing trade in blood minerals |
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科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:閱讀理解
Do you like seahorses? What do you know about them?
The seahorse is actually not a horse but a fish, and much smaller than any regular horse. In general, a seahorse is about an inch long. It is a beautiful fish that likes warm waters, swims upright (直立的), and looks a little like a chess piece.
Seahorses are an unusual kind of animal because the males (雄性) give birth to babies. Mating (交配) takes place in cooler waters on spring and summer nights with a full moon. The females (雌性) put their eggs into the bodies of the males, and the males give birth to baby seahorses.
The seahorse can use each eye separately, which allows it to search for food without moving the rest of its body. Seahorses situate themselves near deep, fast-running channels rich in plankton, a kind of life on which they feed. They can catch food from an inch and a half away. Seahorses can change from gray or black to yellow or purple within seconds to fit in with their surroundings, and in this way escape from most of their enemies.
One of the surprising facts about seahorses for most people is that they are vertebrates (脊椎動(dòng)物). They can turn and curl freely, and like to swim in pairs connected by their tails. Their tails are powerful, and they can use them to grasp the surrounding seaweed (海藻) to keep themselves from being swept away. So seahorses are usually found in warm water filled with seaweed.
Now that you know all these facts about seahorses, don’t you find them more interesting?
【小題1】We can learn from the passage that seahorses _______.
A.a(chǎn)re beautiful, and live on seaweed |
B.a(chǎn)re as big as regular horses |
C.live near deep channels |
D.like to be alone |
A.male seahorses lay eggs |
B.seahorses mate in spring or autumn |
C.male seahorses give birth to babies |
D.seahorses mate in warmer waters at night |
A.Their fast speed of swimming. |
B.Their ability to change colours. |
C.Their unique eyes. |
D.Their strong tails. |
A.Eat. | B.Hold. | C.Make. | D.Handle. |
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科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:閱讀理解
New research has revealed that which song drivers listen to can influence how safe they are on the roads.Among the top ten safest songs to drive to are Come Away With Me by Norah Jones,I Don't Want to Miss a Thing by Aerosmith and Tiny Dancer by Elton John.Each of the songs has an optimum tempo(最佳節(jié)奏) for safe driving,imitating the human heartbeat at around 60 to 80 beats per minute.The Scientist by Coldplay and Justin Timberlake's Cry Me a River also appeared in the top 10.
The study,conducted at London Metropolitan University,also revealed the type of songs that cause motorists to drive dangerously.Unsurprisingly,music that is noisy increases a driver's heart rate,which can be deadly.Fast beats cause excitement that can lead people to concentrate more on the music than on the road and to speed up to match the beat of the song.Styles of music were also measured during the experiment and revealed differences between male and female drivers.Hiphop made a female driver drive far more aggressively,speeding up faster than male driver.The heavy metal music caused the fastest driving among males in the group while the dance music had the same effect among women.The male and female drivers who listened to the classical music drove the most irregularly.
The experiment involved eight people driving 500 miles each using the confused.com MotorMate app,which monitored driving behaviors through GPS technology.
【小題1】What's the main idea of the whole passage?
A.Songs that drivers prefer to listen to on their way. |
B.A study made by the confused.com MotorMate app. |
C.What kind of songs the drivers should choose to listen to during driving. |
D.Female drivers and male drives have different responses to the same music. |
A.controlled | B.banned | C.modeled | D.showed |
A.Tiny Dancer by Elton John appeared in the top 10. |
B.Usually human hearts beat at around 60 to 80 beats per minute. |
C.The classical music makes most drivers drive comfortably and safely. |
D.The passage reveals appropriate music and improper music for drivers. |
A.female and male drivers' popular tastes of music |
B.how did the study carry out |
C.why fast beat music is harmful to drivers |
D.some music with optimum tempo for driver to enjoy |
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科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:閱讀理解
(2013·高考北京卷,D)People who multitask all the time may be the worst at doing two things at once,a new research suggests.The findings,based on performances and selfevaluations by about 275 college students,indicate that many people multitask not out of a desire to increase productivity,but because they are easily distracted (分心) and can’t focus on one activity.And “those people turn out to be the worst at handling different things,”said David Sanbonmatsu,a psychologist at the University of Utah.
Sanbonmatsu and his colleagues gave the students a set of tests and asked them to report how often they multitasked,how good they thought they were at it,and how sensationseeking (尋求刺激) or impulsive (沖動(dòng))they were.They then evaluated the participants’multitasking ability with a tricky mental task that required the students to do simple mathematical calculations while remembering a set of letters.
Not surprisingly,the scientists said,most people thought they were better than average at multitasking,and those who thought they were better at it were more likely to report using a cellphone while driving or viewing multiple kinds of media at once.But those who frequently deal with many things at the same time were found to perform the worst at the actual multitasking test.They also were more likely to admit to sensationseeking and impulsive behavior,which connects with how easily people get bored and distracted.
“People multitask not because it’s going to lead to greater productivity,but because they’re distractible,and they get sucked into things that are not as important,”Sanbonmatsu said.
Adam Gazzaley,a researcher at the University of California,San Francisco,who was not a member of the research group,said one limitation of the study was that it couldn’t find out whether people who start out less focused tend toward multitasking or whether people’s recognizing and understanding abilities change as a result of multitasking.
The findings do suggest,however,why the sensationseekers who multitask the most may enjoy risky distracted driving.“People who are multitasking are generally less sensitive to risky situations.”said Paul Atchley,another researcher not in the group.“This may partly explain why people go in for these situations even though they’re dangerous.”
【小題1】The research led by Sanbonmatsu indicates that people who multitask________.
A.seek high productivity constantly |
B.prefer handling different things when getting bored |
C.a(chǎn)re more focused when doing many things at a time |
D.have the poorest results in doing various things at the same time |
A.a(chǎn)ssessed the multitasking ability of the students |
B.evaluated the academic achievements of the students |
C.a(chǎn)nalyzed the effects of the participants’tricky mental tasks |
D.measured the changes of the students’understanding ability |
A.limited power in calculation |
B.interests in doing things differently |
C.inability to concentrate on one task |
D.impulsive desire to try new things |
A.drive very skillfully |
B.go in for difficult tasks |
C.fail to react quickly to potential dangers |
D.refuse to explain the reasons for their behavior |
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科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:閱讀理解
Many people think of the brain as a mystery.They don't know much about intelligence and how it works.When they do think about what intelligence is,many people believe that a person is born smart,average,or dumb—and stays that way in the whole life.But new research shows that the brain is more like a muscle—it changes and gets stronger when you use it.And scientists have been able to show just how the brain grows and gets stronger when you learn.
Everyone knows that when you lift weights,your muscles get bigger and you get stronger.A person who can't lift 20 pounds when he/she starts exercising can get strong enough to lift 100 pounds after working out for a long time.That's because the muscles become larger and stronger with exercise.And when you stop exercising,the muscles shrink and you get weaker.That's why people say “Use it or lose it!”
But most people don't know that when they practice and learn new things,parts of their brain change and get larger a lot like muscles do when they exercise. Inside the cortex(皮層)of the brain are billions of tiny nerve cells,called neurons. The nerve cells have branches connecting them to other cells in a complicated network. Communication between these brain cells is what allows us to think and solve problems. When you learn new things,these tiny connections in the brain actually multiply and get stronger.The more you challenge your mind to learn,the more your brain cells grow.Then,things that you once found very hard or even impossible to do—like speaking a foreign language or doing algebra(代數(shù))—seem to become easy after learning them for a period of time.The result is a stronger,smarter brain.
Scientists started thinking that the human brain could develop and change when they studied animals'brains.They found out that animals that lived in a challenging environment were more perspicacious—they were better at solving problems and learning new things.
【小題1】According to the first paragraph,________.
A.the function of our brain is like that of the muscle |
B.until now it's impossible to explain the brain's mystery |
C.many people believe one's intelligence is naturally determined |
D.one's brain grows stronger as the age increases |
A.using the brain |
B.connecting things in your brain |
C.lifting weights |
D.doing research about the brain |
A.Strong. | B.Smart. |
C.Popular. | D.Active. |
A.the differences between animals'brains and humans'brains |
B.the relation between human brains and muscles |
C.scientists' findings about animals' brains |
D.how to make your brain smarter through self?development |
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科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:閱讀理解
Many animals recognize their food because they see it. So do humans. When you see an apple or a piece of chocolate you know that these are things you can eat. You can also use other senses when you choose your food. You may like it because it smells good or because it tastes good You may dislike some types of food because they do not look, smell or taste very nice. Different animals use different senses to find and choose their food. A few animals depend on only one of their senses, while most animals use more than one sense.
Although there are many different types of food, some animals spend their lives eating only one type.The giant panda eats only one particular type of bamboo. Other animals eat only one type of food even when given the choice. A kind of white butterfly will stay on the leaves of a cabbage, even though there are plenty of other vegetables in the garden. However, most animals have a more varied diet. The bear eats fruits and fish. The fox eats small animals, birds and fruits. The diet of these animals will be different depending on the season.
Humans have a very varied diet. We often eat food because we like it and not because it is good for us. In countries such as France and Britain, people eat foods with too much sugar. This makes them overweight, which is bad for their health. Eating too much red meat and animal products, such as butter, can also be bad for the health. Choosing the right food, therefore, has become an area of study in modern life.
【小題1】We can infer from the text that humans and animals ________.
A.depend on one sense in choosing food |
B.a(chǎn)re not satisfied with their food |
C.choose food in similar ways. |
D.eat entirely different food |
A.The white butterfly. | B.The small bird. |
C.The bear | D.The fox |
A.the season changes |
B.The food color changes |
C.They move to different places |
D.They are attracted by different smells. |
A.food is chosen for a good reason. |
B.Some people care little about healthy diet |
C.some people have few choices of food |
D.French and British food is good. |
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科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:閱讀理解
It doesn’t kill germs better than cooler water, but turning tap temperatures high, the US burns carbon equal to the emissions of Barbados.
People typically wash their hands seven times a day in the United States, but they do it at a far higher temperature than is necessary to kill germs, a new study says. The energy waste is equivalent to the fuel use of a small country.
It’s cold and flu season, when many people are concerned about avoiding germs. But forget what you think you know about hand washing, say researchers at Vanderbilt University. Chances are good that how you clean up is not helping you stay healthy; it is helping to make the planet sick.
Amanda R. Carrico, a research assistant professor at the Vanderbilt Institute for Energy and Environment in Tennessee, told National Geographic that hand washing is often “a case where people act in ways that they think are in their best interest, but they in fact have inaccurate beliefs or outdated perceptions.”
Carrico said, “It’s certainly true that heat kills bacteria, but if you were going to use hot water to kill them it would have to be way too hot for you to tolerate.”
She explained that boiling water, 212°F (99.98°C), is sometimes used to kill germs - for example, to clean drinking water that might be polluted with germs. But “hot” water for hand washing is generally within 104°F to 131°F (40°C to 55°C.) At the high end of that range, heat could kill some germs, but the sustained contact that would be required would scald the skin.
Carrico said that after a review of the scientific literature, her team found “no evidence that using hot water that a person could stand would have any benefit in killing bacteria.” Even water as cold as 40°F (4.4°C) appeared to reduce bacteria as well as hotter water, if hands were scrubbed, rinsed(沖洗)and dried properly.
In fact, she noted that hot water can often have an unfavorable effect on hygiene. “Warmer water can harm the skin and affect the protective layer on the outside, which can cause it to be less resistant to bacteria,” said Carrico.
Using hot water to wash hands is therefore unnecessary, as well as wasteful, Carrico said, particularly when it comes to the environment. According to her research, people use warm or hot water 64 percent of the time when they wash their hands. Using that number, Carrico’s team calculated a significant impact on the planet.
“Although the choice of water temperature during a single hand wash may appear minor, when multiplied by the nearly 800 billion hand washes performed by Americans each year, this practice results in more than 6 million metric tons of CO2 equivalent emissions annually,” she said.
That’s roughly equal to the emissions of two coal-fired power plants, or 1,250,000 passenger vehicles, over the course of a year. It’s higher than the greenhouse gas emissions of small countries like El Salvador or Armenia, and is about equivalent to the emissions of Barbados. If all US citizens washed their hands in cooler water, it would be like eliminating the energy-related carbon emissions of 299,700 US homes, or the total annual emissions from the US zinc or lead industries.
The researchers found that close to 70 percent of respondents said they believe that using hot water is more effective than warm, room temperature, or cold water, despite a lack of evidence backing that up, said Carrico. Her study noted research that showed a “strong cognitive(認(rèn)知的) connection” between water temperature and hygiene in both the United States and Western Europe, compared to other countries, like Japan, where hot water is associated more with comfort than with health.
The researchers published their results in the July 2013 issue of International Journal of Consumer Studies. They recommended washing with water that is at a “comfortable” temperature, which they noted may be warmer in cold months and cooler in hot ones.
【小題1】What does the writer mainly focus on when writing this passage?
A.Whether hot water helps kill germs effectively in hand washing. |
B.How hot water contributes to the serious worsening of our planet. |
C.Why the consumption of hot water is unnecessary and wasteful. |
D.What the advantages and disadvantages of using hot water are. |
A.burn | B.improve | C.soften | D.wrinkle |
A.two coal-fired power plants | B.US zinc or lead industries |
C.1,250,000 passenger vehicles | D.El Salvador or Armenia |
A.Universal Science Fiction | B.Science & Discoveries |
C.Environment & Protection | D.Exploration of America |
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科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:閱讀理解
Online Communication
In an age when technology moves faster than most can keep up with, a small group of people still remain in the time of old-fashioned letter. Frankly speaking, I was once certain that traditional letters could never be replaced by other means of communication.
But a story about online communication changed my mind.
An old man, who suffered a lot from Parkinson’s disease, was not able to talk clearly and could hardly write his name. Living totally alone, he managed to keep in touch with nearly all the members of his family. How did he achieve this? He clicked out words on his computer keyboard.
I, therefore, managed to get an E-mail box as soon as the opportunity came. My life changed. E-mail, and all online communication, is something truly different. It has capabilities(能力) that few other products can match.
E-mail is convenient. It takes less time with its fast speed and 24-hour connection. The slow postal service is no match. If you wouldn’t want to have a face-to-face talk with your manager, you might talk with him through E-mail even if you are in the same office.
Naming all the good things about online communication is not easy. But wait. E-mail can be inconvenient. It can waste time and energy. Just think what may happen when you take a short vacation and return to find your e-mail box filled with 200 unread messages. You could easily spend half a day clearing junk ads.
Then, online communication will keep us staying at our computer while it connects us to distant strangers. Once we throw ourselves into the machine, we may forget the human touches we once held so dear. I’m sure there is and always will be a place for the old-fashioned letter, phone call, and face-to-face meeting… even in the world of modern communication.
As I listen to the sound of the modem(調(diào)制解調(diào)器), I was excited at stepping out to the outside world but, at the same time, I sensed a loss of control over something valuable in my personal life.
【小題1】What is the most probable meaning of the underlined word “junk” in paragraph6?
A.old and useless | B.New and useful | C.Short but valuable | D.Long but clear |
A.It should replace old-fashioned letters completely. |
B.It is perfect and always does good to you. |
C.It is extremely useful and convenient, but it may be inconvenient or even harmful. |
D.It does more harm than good. |
A.The sound of the modem. | B.His own illness. |
C.The changing of his life. | D.A sick old man’s experience. |
A.they are convenient and popular though they are slow |
B.they help to keep the friendly relationship between people |
C.most people cannot keep up with the development of technology |
D.modern means of communication does too much harm |
A.With the help of his computer. | B.By writing letters with his pen. |
C.By making telephone calls. | D.By visiting them regularly. |
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