5．When American soldiers return home from war with disabilities，they often suffer twice-first from their combat injuries，next from the humiliation （羞辱）of government dependency．
Wounded veterans （老兵）learn they have two basic choices：They can receive almost $3，000 a month in disability benefits along with medical care and access to other various welfare programs，or they can try to find a job．Especially in this economy，it's no wonder that many find that first option hard to turn down．
Mark Duggan，an economics professor at Stanford University，reports that enrollment in U．S．veterans'disability programs rose from 2.3 million in 2001 to 3.9 million in 2014．The percentage of veterans receiving benefits doubled，from 8.9% in 2001 to 18% in 2014．Disability services for veterans now consume $59 billion．
In the 1980s and 1990s，male veterans were more likely to be in the labor force than nonveterans．But since 2000，that has changed dramatically．Now there is a 4% gap between veteran and nonveteran labor participation，with veteran participation lower．
Navy SEAL Eric Greitens，founder of The Mission Continues，explains how soldiers who served their country are transformed into welfare receivers who live off their country．
"When veterans come home from war they are going through a tremendous change in identity，"he says．"Then the United States Department of Veterans Affairs，and others，encourage them to view themselves as disabled．"By the time they come to Greitens'non-profit organization，"We meet a number of veterans who see themselves as charity cases and are not sure anymore what they have to contribute．"
There are also more practical factors driving the disability boom．One is the expansion of qualification criteria．In 2000，for instance，type 2 diabetes was added as a disability because of evidence linking exposure to Agent Orange with the onset of the disease．Heart disease has also been added to the list．
Another possible factor is that younger veterans seem less against welfare than their parents'generation．Veterans who have served since the 1990s are much more likely to sign up for disability than their older counterparts； 1 in 4 younger veterans is on disability versus just 1 in 7 of those over age 54．
We shouldn't go back to the bad old days when veterans were afraid to admit weakness．But Lt．Col．Daniel Gade is one of many veterans who think our disability system is harmful，psychologically，to former soldiers．Gade lost his leg in combat in 2005 and now teaches at West Point．He recently gave a talk to disabled veterans at Ft．Carson，in which he urged them to rejoin the workforce．
"People who stay home because they are getting paid enough to get by on disability are worse off，"he warned．"They are more likely to abuse drugs and alcohol．They are more likely to live alone．"
What a waste of human potential，especially since most veterans on disability still have their prime working years ahead of them when they're discharged （遣退）．
We could solve this problem by changing the way we view-and label-veterans with disabilities．As Gade noted in a recent article，"Veterans should be viewed as resources，not as damaged goods．"He recommended that"efforts to help veterans should begin by recognizing their abilities rather than focusing only on their disabilities，and should serve the ultimate aim of moving wounded soldiers to real self-sufficiency．"
On a more practical note，the United States Department of Veterans Affairs could reallocate resources to spend more on job training and less on disability．Current placement programs are sadly inadequate．
We are good at sending soldiers off to war．Yet when these young men and women return home，they are essentially told，"We'll give you enough for a reasonably comfortable life，but we won't help you find a job．"
It is unreasonable that we are condemning thousands of young veterans who served their country to life on the dole （救濟(jì)金） rather than enabling them to reenter the workforce with the necessary accommodations．
35．What do more and more disabled veterans appear to do nowadays？A
A．Depend on the government for a living．
B．Be treated badly in most workplaces．
C．Ask the government for more dole．
D．Spend more time on job hunting．
36．How does Mark Duggan prove his opinion in the passage？A
A．By listing figures．
B．By giving examples．
C．By performing experiments．
D．By analyzing cause and effect．
37．What did veterans use to do in the 1980s and 1990s？B
A．Refuse to find jobs．
B．Be a main labor resource．
C．Have much trouble finding jobs．
D．Receive many disability benefits．
38．One of the reasons why there are more disabled veterans is thatC．
A．damage from the war is greater than ever
B．veterans have suffered much more than ever
C．the scale of disabilities has been broadened
D．older veterans aren't afraid to admit their disability
39．In Gade's opinion，the veterans who receive welfare from the government tend toB．
A．save more trouble for the government
B．lead a miserable and unhappy life
C．increasingly depend on the government
D．suffer the humiliation of their combat injuries
40．What is the author's attitude toward current placement programs？D
A．Reasonable．B．Positive．C．Neutral．D．Critical．
分析 本文主要介紹了越來越多的美國(guó)傷殘退伍軍人選擇依靠政府生活這一現(xiàn)象，并分析了產(chǎn)生這種現(xiàn)象的原因．
解答 35．A 推理判斷題．從第二段，They can receive almost $3，000 a month in disability benefits along with medical care and access to other various welfare programs，or they can try to find a job．Especially in this economy，it's no wonder that many find that first option hard to turn down對(duì)于傷殘軍人擺在他們面前的有兩條路：一是每月可以得到3000美元的傷殘津貼，還有醫(yī)療和其他福利項(xiàng)目，或者他們可以設(shè)法找到工作，尤其是在這個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代，毫無疑問許多人認(rèn)為第一個(gè)選擇很難拒絕．可知，越來越多的傷殘退伍軍人選擇依靠政府生活．所以答案 選A．
36．A 推理判斷題．從第三段中列出的眾多數(shù)字veterans'disability programs rose from 2.3 million in 2001 to 3.9 million in 2014；from 8.9% in 2001 to 18% in 2014．；Disability services for veterans now consume $59 billion．；通過這些列舉的數(shù)字可以推斷出是用列舉數(shù)字的方式來證明自己的觀點(diǎn)的，所以答案選A．
37．B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第四段第一句"In the 1980s and 1990s，male veterans were more likely to be in the labor force than nonveterans"在20世紀(jì)80年代和90年代，男性退伍軍人比非退伍軍人更有可能參加勞動(dòng)力．可知答案為B．
38．C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題．從第七段"There are also more practical factors driving the disability boom…Heart disease has also been added to the list"可知，傷殘認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)比以往更為寬泛是原因之一．所以答案選C．
39．B 推理判斷題．從第十段中的"People who stay home because they are getting paid enough to get by on disability are worse off""They are more likely to abuse drugs and alcohol．They are more likely to live alone"那些呆在家里的人，因?yàn)樗麄兊玫搅俗銐虻腻X依靠殘疾，所以更糟糕的是"他們更容易濫用毒品和酒精，他們更可能獨(dú)自生活．"可以推斷出他們生活的不幸福，所以答案選B．
40．D 觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題．最后三段，尤其是倒數(shù)第三段最后一句"Current placement programs are sadly inadequate"和最后一段中的"It is unreasonable that…"可以看出作者對(duì)現(xiàn)行的政策是持批評(píng)的態(tài)度的．所以答案選D．
點(diǎn)評(píng) 閱讀理解題測(cè)試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對(duì)未說明的趨勢(shì)或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點(diǎn)理論，對(duì)文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋．考生首先要仔細(xì)閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準(zhǔn)確把握作者觀點(diǎn)．
