Question

【題目】Directions:Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

Every Little Bit Counts?

One of the weapons in the fight against poverty is microcredit also called microlending). Microcredit is the practice of giving very small, short-term loans to poor people.【1】 The loans help the borrowers start or upgrade small businesses. Microcredit organizations assume that poor people can lift themselves out of poverty if they only have access to standard financial services.

Grameen Bank, started as a project in 1976, is a pioneer of microcredit.【2】 Borrowers often have no steady job no other property, and no one to co-sign on the loan - common requirements for getting a loan elsewhere. Grameen Bank promotes credit as a human right, and with a 98% repayment rate, it seems to have helped its borrowers improve their lives and made a profit through interest in the meantime.

Successes like Grameen Bank and others caused governments and NGOs to rush to fund microcredit operations. How wonderful to imagine that the cure for poverty could be profitable! However, recent studies question how effective microcredit really is. Critics say that poor people with enoughentrepreneurial(創(chuàng)業(yè)的) drive to get a loan would have succeeded anyway. Those without the drive don't end up in better circumstances after paying back loans，which aren’t always used for businesses. 【3】 And though microcredit is described as a way to empower women，some say the loans aren’t causing any measurable improvement in women’s lives.

The ideas behind microcredit are uplifting: that all humans are filled with potentials and that one small bit of assistance can help a whole family live better. 【4】 Time and close study will tell if microcredit is really the miracle it appears to be.

A. They also say that without a basic education, poor borrowers aren't equipped to manage the businesses they create.

B. In general, the loans are 100 USD or less, usually paid back within six months.

C. Borrowers need to provide the credit history, which the lenders will use as the criteria when evaluating a loan.

D. They may, however, ignore systematic causes of large-scale poverty.

E. Most microcredit agencies are struggling as the vast majority of loans are not paid back.

F. It has given out more than eight billion dollars in loans to people who could never borrow money otherwise.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】B

【2】F

【3】A

【4】D

【解析】

本文是一篇說明文，介紹了小額信貸的歷史以及利與弊。

【1】空前說小額信貸是向窮人提供非常小的短期貸款的做法，接下來是對這一句的解釋說明，故B項(xiàng)（一般來說，貸款額在100美元或以下，通常在六個(gè)月內(nèi)還清）符合語境。

【2】空前說格拉明銀行成立于1976年，是小額信貸的先驅(qū)，此處承接上文，講的是格拉明銀行為小額信貸所做的貢獻(xiàn)，F項(xiàng)中的It指代的就是Grameen Bank，故F項(xiàng)（它已經(jīng)向那些再也借不到錢的人發(fā)放了80多億美元的貸款）符合語境。

【3】空前說那些沒有動(dòng)力的人在償還貸款后的境況并不會(huì)更好，因?yàn)橘J款并不總是用于企業(yè)，此處承接上文，講的還是關(guān)于這些人的想法或做法，故A項(xiàng)（他們還說，沒有基礎(chǔ)教育，貧窮的借貸者就沒有能力管理他們創(chuàng)建的企業(yè)）符合語境。

【4】空前說小額信貸背后的想法令人振奮：所有人都充滿了潛力，一點(diǎn)小小的幫助就能幫助整個(gè)家庭生活得更好，空后又說時(shí)間和深入的研究將告訴我們，小額信貸是否真的是一個(gè)奇跡，這說明此處應(yīng)該會(huì)體現(xiàn)出小額信貸存在的問題，故D項(xiàng)（然而，它們可能忽視大規(guī)模貧困的系統(tǒng)性原因）符合語境。

在六選四的解題過程中，被選選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)的代詞與上文出現(xiàn)的某一名詞之間的指代關(guān)系往往是重要線索，例如本篇第2題，根據(jù)空前的“Grameen Bank, started as a project in 1976, is a pioneer of microcredit”可知，格拉明銀行成立于1976年，是小額信貸的先驅(qū)，此處承接上文，講的是格拉明銀行為小額信貸所做的貢獻(xiàn)，F項(xiàng)中的It指代的就是前面出現(xiàn)的Grameen Bank，故F項(xiàng)（它已經(jīng)向那些再也借不到錢的人發(fā)放了80多億美元的貸款）符合語境。