Air pollution by sources ranging from cooking fires to auto fumes contributed to an estimated seven million deaths worldwide in 2012, the UN health agency has said.
"Air pollution, and we're talking about both indoors and outdoors, is now the biggest environmental health problem, and it is affecting everyone, both developed and developing countries," said Maria Neira, the World Health Organisation's public and environmental health chief.
Globally, pollution was linked to one death in eight in 2012, new WHO research found.
The biggest pollution-related killers were heart disease, stroke, pulmonary disease and lung cancer.
The hardest-hit regions of the globe were what the WHO labels Southeast Asia, which includes India and Indonesia, and the Western Pacific, ranging from China and South Korea to Japan and the Philippines. Together, they accounted for 5.9 million deaths.
The global death toll included 4.3 million deaths due to indoor air pollution, chiefly caused by cooking over coal, wood and biomass stoves. The toll from outdoor pollution was 3.7 million, with sources ranging from coal heating fires to diesel engines.
Many people are exposed to both indoor and outdoor pollution, the WHO said, and due to that overlap the separate death toll attributed to the two sources cannot simply be added together, hence the figure of seven million deaths. The new figure is "shocking and worrying", Ms Neira told reporters.
When it last released an estimate for deaths related to air pollution, in 2008, the agency had put the figure related to outdoor pollution at 1.3 million, while the number blamed on indoor pollution was 1.9 million. But a change in research methods makes comparison difficult between the 2008 estimate and the 2012 figures, Neira said.
In the past, for example, the WHO did not take into account the overlap between exposure to both forms, and only assessed urban pollution. Satellite imagery has made it easier to assess rural pollution, and new knowledge about the health impact of exposure has enabled a better count. "The risks from air pollution are now far greater than previously thought or understood, particularly for heart disease and strokes," said Neira.  "Few risks have a greater impact on global health today than air pollution. The evidence signals the need for concerted action to clean up the air we all breathe."
According to the WHO, some 2.9 billion people in poor nations live in homes that use fires as their principle method of cooking and heating. Carlos Dora, the WHO's public and environmental health coordinator, said that turned homes into "combustion chambers". Simple measures to stem the impact include so-called "clean cook stoves", which are a low-tech option, as well as improved ventilation, he said.
Countries also need to rethink policies, Mr Dora said, pointing to the impact in the developed world of a shift to cleaner power sources, more efficient management of energy demand, and technical strides in the auto industry. He also said transport policies needed a shake-up. With air pollution having sparked a recent scare in France, leading to restrictions on car use and the temporary scrapping of public transport fees in Paris, Mr Dora said such measures could be applied in the longer term. "You can't buy clean air in a bottle," he said."The air is a shared resource. In order to breathe clean air, we have to have interventions in the areas that pollute air." The WHO said it planned by the end of this year to release a ranking of the world's 1,600 most polluted cities.
小題1:The main idea of this article is that          .
A．In the past, the WHO did not take into account the overlap between exposure to both forms.
B．Air pollution by sources ranging from cooking fires to auto fumes caused an estimated seven million deaths worldwide in 2012.
C．According to the WHO, some 2.9 billion people use fires as their principle method of cooking and heating.
D．The WHO will release a ranking of the world's 1,600 most polluted cities by the end of this year.
小題2:The underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to “         ”..
A．The risks
B．cooking fires
C．environmental health problem
D．Air pollution
小題3:Which of the following is True according to the passage? .
A．The biggest pollution-related killers were heart disease, stroke, pulmonary disease and lung cancer.
B．Air pollution only affects developing countries.
C．The risks from air pollution are now not serious.
D．Maria Neira said that we can't buy clean air in a bottle.
小題4:What is main idea of the last paragraph?
A．The air is a our shared resource.
B．The WHO will release a ranking of the world's 1,600 most polluted cities.
C．The government should make effective policies to control the air pollution.
D．The transport policies need a shake-up.
小題5:The death toll in 2008 can hardly compare with that in 2012 because________.
A．the death toll included 4.3 million deaths due to indoor air pollution.
B．in 2008 the WHO only assessed rural pollution.
C．the research methods changed.
D．the risks from air pollution are now far greater than previously thought.

小題1:B
小題2:D
小題3:A
小題4:C
小題5:C

試題分析：本文主要講了世界衛(wèi)生組織表示，據(jù)估計由于油煙與汽車尾氣引起的空氣污染在2012年導致了全世界700萬人死亡。
小題1:主旨題：根據(jù)第一段Air pollution by sources ranging from cooking fires to auto fumes contributed to an estimated seven million deaths worldwide in 2012, the UN health agency has said.可知本文主要講了世界衛(wèi)生組織表示，據(jù)估計由于油煙與汽車尾氣引起的空氣污染在2012年導致了全世界700萬人死亡。這是文章的主旨。故選B。
小題2:推理題：根據(jù)Air pollution, and we're talking about both indoors and outdoors, is now the biggest environmental health problem, and it is affecting everyone, both developed and developing countries可知這里想說空氣污染影響著每一個人，包括發(fā)達國家和發(fā)展中國家，所以“it”指代的是空氣污染。故選D。
小題3:細節(jié)題：根據(jù)The biggest pollution-related killers were heart disease, stroke, pulmonary disease and lung cancer.可知A的描述準確，故選A。
小題4:考查主旨要義。根據(jù)文章最后一段中的Countries also need to rethink policies, Mr Dora said, pointing to the impact in the developed world of a shift to cleaner power sources, more efficient management of energy demand, and technical strides in the auto industry.可知，本段大意是：國家政府應該采取有效措施控制污染。故選C。
小題5:考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第五段中的But a change in research methods makes comparison difficult between the 2008 estimate and the 2012 figures可知，兩個數(shù)據(jù)很難比較的原因是研究的方法改變了。故選C。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Jack Benny was one of the most famous names in show business.He was born in Chicago，Illinois，on February 14th,1894.His parents，Meyer and Emma Kubelsky，were religious Jews.They had moved to the United States from Eastern Europe.Benny was a quiet boy.For much of the time，his parents were busy working in his father’s store.As a child，Benny learned to play the violin.After finishing his school，he joined the Navy.He continued using his violin to perform for sailors.In one show he was chosen more for his funny jokes than for his skill with the violin.That experience made him believe that his future job was a comedian.
Benny developed a show personality that had all the qualities people dislike.He was known for being so stingy—he refused to spend any money unless forced to do so.On his shows Benny often spoke of his appearance，especially his baby blue eyes.As he grew older，he always claimed to be 39 years old.Benny rarely made jokes that hurt other people.Instead，he would let the other actors on the show tell jokes about him.
In real life，he was very giving and he was a person people liked having as their employer.Benny entered the new media of television in 1950.Five years later，he dropped his radio programme to spend more time developing his television show.At first his appearances on television were rare.By 1960 the Benny Show was a weekly television programme.It continued until 1965.Benny appeared in about twenty films during his life.A few became popular.But most were not.In 1963 Benny returned to Broadway for the first time since 1931.
Benny received many awards during his lifetime.Perhaps the one honour that pleased him most was that his hometown of Waukeegan named a school for him.This was a special honour for a man who had never finished high school.
Benny continued to perform.He died of cancer in 1974.At his funeral his friend Bob Hope said，“Jack Benny was stingy to the end.He gave us only eighty years.”
小題1:Benny was determined to be a comedian after he ______.
A．left high school
B．joined the Navy
C．performed in a show for the sailors
D．left the Navy for Broadway
小題2:The underlined word “stingy” in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by “________”．
A．cleverB．mean
C．outgoingD．hard­working
小題3:According to the text，on Benny’s shows，he ________.
A．developed a good personality
B．played the violin skillfully
C．often referred to his appearance
D．said funny things that hurt others
小題4:Which of the following statements is TRUE about Benny?
A．He did a good job in show business.
B．His first appearance on TV was very successful.
C．Most of his films became well­known to Americans.
D．He treated all his awards as nothing.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

A person has to be sixteen to drive, seventeen to see certain movies, and eighteen to vote. People can get terrific discounts on all sorts of stuff－provided they’re over sixty-five. Everywhere we look there are age limits that define what people can and can’t do. But creativity has no boundaries, no limitations. Anyone can invent. And they do. Inventors are popping up at the youngest ages.
Sitting in the car waiting for her mom to return from shopping, Becky decided she might as well try to finish her math homework. But it was growing dark and getting hard to see the paper.
“I didn’t have a flashlight, and I didn’t want to open the car door because then the whole car would light up.” recalled Becky. “So I thought it would be neat to have my paper light up somehow, and that’s when the idea came to me.”
It isn’t every day that a ten-year-old invents a product eagerly sought by several businesses, but that’s exactly what Becky Schroeder did when she created a tool that enabled people to write in the dark. Her invention? The Glo-sheet.
That night Becky went home, trying to imagine different ways of making her paper glow in the dark. She remembered all sorts of glow-in-the-dark toys－like balls and Frisbees－and wondered how they were made. She was determined to find a solution. So they very next day, Beck’s dad took her on an outing to the hardware store. They returned with a pail (桶) of phosphorescent paint. She took the paint and stacks of paper into the darkest room in the house－the bathroom. There, she experimented.
“I’d turn on the light, turn it off, turn it on,” said Becky. “My parents remember me running out the room saying ‘It works, it works! I’m writing in the dark!’ ”
She used an acrylic board and coated it with a specific amount of phosphorescent paint. She took a complicated idea and made it work rather simply. When the coated clipboard is exposed to light, it glows. The glowing board then illuminates or lights up the paper that has been placed on top. Two years after her initial inspiration, in 1974, Becky became the youngest female ever to receive a U.S. patent.
She didn’t actively market her Glo-sheet. She didn’t need to. The New York Times wrote an article about an incredible invention－patented by a twelve-year-old, and the inquiries and orders streamed in.
小題1:From Paragraph 1 , we can draw a conclusion that _________.
A．it is illegal for one to drive under sixteen
B．people enjoy privileges when over sixty-five
C．one is never too old or too young to invent
D．people hate the limitations that define our behavior
小題2:What caused Becky to invent Glo-sheet?
A．She was trying to do homework when it got dark.
B．She was having trouble with math problems.
C．She was trying to earn some money.
D．She was working on a school project.
小題3:What is the meaning of the underlined words “phosphorescent paint” in paragraph 5?
A．paint that acts as a glue
B．paint that covers a mark
C．paint that becomes hard
D．paint that glows in the dark
小題4:What does it mean that Beck “didn’t actively market her Glo-sheet” according to paragraph 8?
A．She kept the original one for her own use.
B．Other people came to her for the Glo-sheet.
C．Becky’s father tried to sell the Glo-sheet.
D．She gave away patent to the government.
小題5:With which statement would Becky most likely agree?
A．Experience is needed to be a good inventor.
B．Only by inventing things can you know what people need.
C．Always try to sell patent rights to large companies.
D．You never know what you can do unless you try.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

It was time to break free.
I needed to run away and the Bloomsburg Fair was the best place to go.
I don’t know if you can call it running away wince it was only and hour away from my home. But once I entered the fair grounds, I crossed over into another world. The loudspeaker offered background music over the sounds of people of people talking, bargaining and food sellers yelling for your attention.
I belonged here. I didn’t know if I had it in my blood or not, but I always wanted to have a small food stand and travel in my off season from fair to fair selling goodies. Perhaps one day. It certainly wasn’t a priority(優(yōu)先考慮的事)in my life , Perhaps it should be.
After I was there a while, I needed to get away to a quiet spot. Most of the time, I could find that anywhere the farm animals were kept. They needed the quiet. So I went there to find peace with the cows, goats, horses, pigs and yes, the turkeys. You'd think being this close to "Thanksgiving", they'd be a little scared, but they were not.
It was in the dairy barn（倉庫）where I found peace this time. I so admired the young folks who tended to farm animals. I thought they had a greater appreciation for life. They participated in it firsthand. I once watched a young fanner help bring a baby cow into the world.
My favorite scene was to come across a young cowboy lying in the hay asleep among the cows that had settled down for a rest. There, with his heads in a small soft spot alongside his favorite cow, I had seen him in a much deserved sleep. Perhaps better at rest there than in his own bed.
I had the pleasure of speaking with a young teenage farm girl that day.
"You look so comfortable," I said to her.
"Oh I am," she said. "Life makes it comfortable for me."
"You mean being a farm girl?"
"No, Life! That's the name of my cow," she said, smiling as she gently patted the cow's side.
"I thought they called cows Betsy and Elsie. Why did you call her Life?"
“I discovered life again here. It was the only meaningful name that came to mind. I had been raised in the big city and really hated it. Then we moved to the country, running away from Lt all. I think my parents called it a mid-life crisis," she said, laughing.
"Oh, I can understand that. I've been in one since birth," I said.
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"That's too bad. They need to see a cow born, a chicken hatch. I guess they need to wake up early and hug Life!" she said, laughing.
"When was the last time you hugged Life?" she asked me.
"I am sorry to say even I have had trouble doing that lately," I said.
"Come here!" she said.
Then standing up and stepping aside, she said, "Go ahead…h(huán)ug Life!"
I paused for a moment and dropping all thoughts of looking silly, I did. I hugged a cow.
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A．have fun B．get ideas for writing
C．do shoppingD．escape something he disliked
小題2:The following things happened in the Bloomsbury Fair except      .
A．food sellers' shouting
B．the writer's selling goodies
C．people's bargaining and talking
D．the loudspeaker's broadcasting music
小題3:What can we learn from Paragraphs 5, 6 and 7_______?
A．The writer tended to farm animals firsthand.
B．The cowboy was lazy and fell asleep among the cows.
C．The writer found peace where farm animals were kept.
D．The turkeys got into panic with "Thanksgiving" approaching
小題4:The underlined word "it"（Paragraph 14）refers to       .
A．the cityB．the countryC．the barnD．the fair
小題5:The writer was surprised at the farm girl's words and he thought people often________.
A．expected to get the best things
B．enjoyed perfectly beautiful days
C．ignored the bright side of each day
D．felt really bad due to poor sleep at night
小題6:What can be the best title for the passage?
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

When I was a child, I often dreamed of the time when I could leave home and escape to the city. We lived on a farm and, in the winter especially, we were quite cut off from the outside world. As soon as I left school, I packed my bags and moved to the capital. However, I soon discovered that city life has its problems too.
One big disadvantage is money---it costs so much to go out, not to mention basics like food and housing. Another disadvantage is pollution. I suffer from asthma(哮喘), and at times the air is so bad that I am afraid to go outside. Then there is the problem of travelling round. Although I have a car, I seldom use it because of the traffic jams. One choice is to go by bicycle, but that can be quite dangerous.
Of course there are advantages. First, there is so much to do in the city, whatever your tastes in culture or entertainment. Besides, there are wonderful jobs and greater chances of moving to a more important job or position. Finally, if you like shopping, the variety of goods is very surprising---and, what is more, shops are often only a short walk away.
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小題1:What was the writer always thinking about when he was a child?
A．Staying on the farm B．Moving to the countryside
C．Leaving home for the cityD．Running away from the school
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A．He is very old now.B．He is in good health.
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A．express his opinions about way of life
B．describe his life in the countryside
C．show an interest in the outside world
D．persuade the reader to live in the city
小題4:How is the passage mainly developed?
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Most people are aware of what the adoption process is because it has become rather common in our society. Adoption is where a child is legally placed with guardians (監(jiān)護人) or parents (or perhaps a single parent) other than the birth mother or father. Once an adoption is finalized, all parental rights are turned over to the adoptive parents and there is no legal difference between adoptive parents and natural birth parents. There are generally two types of adoption, which are closed adoption and open adoption.
When an adopted person has access to his or her adoption file and original records, it is referred to as an open adoption. The term is also used to describe any contact that may be between the adoptive family, the birth parents, and the adopted child. The level of openness can change greatly in such contact depending on each individual relationship. There can be indirect contact between the natural birth parents and the child through the form of letters and photographs, or there can be actual physical contact.
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A closed adoption is where only the medical and historical information about the biological parents is given to the adoptive family. Typically, the birth and adoptive parents do not know each other’s identities. The record of the birth parents is kept sealed (密封). A closed adoption is usually only effective in the adoption of babies. The adoption of an older child who already knows his or her birth parents cannot be kept closed.
小題1:How many adoption types are mentioned in the passage?
A．2.B．3.C．4.D．5.
小題2:Which of the following statements is TRUE about the closed adoption?
A．The birth parents may have indirect contact with the adoptive parents.
B．The biological parents may often go to see their birth child.
C．No information about the biological parents is given to the adoptive parents.
D．Generally speaking, the adoptive parents do not know the birth parents’ identities.
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A．a(chǎn) closed adoptionB．a(chǎn)n open adoption
C．a(chǎn) semi-open adoptionD．a(chǎn) semi-closed adoption
小題4:From the passage, we know adoption is _____.
A．where a child is brought up by the government
B．where a child is legally sent abroad by the birth parents
C．where a child is legally placed with adoptive parents
D．where a child is sent to live with the children whose parents have died

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

It is a wonderful morning，as I write this：hot，but without being too hot. Outside my window，I can see the sunniest sky of the year reflected in a huge natural expand of water. It is the kind of sun that makes you well aware of summer’s temporary nature —a reminder that if I am ever to go around to book this year's holiday，time is running out .
It is now close to four years since I last took a holiday. This is because I have come to the conclusion, over the course of my adult life, that I am not very good at it. You might say this sounds like saying you are not very good at drinking tea or listening to music.  What could possibly be difficult about the natural act of putting your working life on hold for a couple of weeks and going somewhere to do nothing?
So what is my problem? On the surface, I'm probably a bit of homebody. And I just find the pressure of being on holidy too severe: it always feels like having a gun held to my head and being forced to have fun. Somehow, packing a carefully itemized list of possessions and meeting a scheduled flight has none of the excitement of suddenly deciding to take a day off and driving somewhere for the fun of it.
Thankfully, I am not alone. This summer, most of my friends have decided not to have a break. And a recent survey highlighted the downside(負面）of holidays, with the results shoeing that nearly two thirds of people found that the calming effects of a holiday wore off within 24 hours, as stress levels returned to normal. And this year's the Idler magazine published its book of awful holidays .Here you will find a list of the five most ecologically--damaging vacations it's possible to take, along with 50 horrible holidays experiences voted for on the idler website. Over the last decade, The Idler has become well known for promoting the idea of an easy, lazy life. The leisure(休閑）industry might seem an unlikely target of its criticism, but Dan Kienan, the book's editor, says that he was flooded with entries from readers for his list of awful holidays.
小題1:According to the first paragraph We can know that the writer        .
A． has a strong desire to book a holiday
B． wishes that the weather would change
C． finds it is too late to enjoy the sunshine
D． realizes it’s time to decide whether to go on a holiday
小題2:What can be inferred from the sentence underlined in the passage?
A． people may find the man unbelievable
B． People think traveling is not so easy an act as drinking tea
C．The writer often regrets not taking a holiday．
D． The writer doesn't like drinking tea or listening to music
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A． it usually takes too much time
B． he is tired of making preparations too much for holidays
C． it is far less enjoyable than breaks planned in advance
D． he feels embarrassed when other people are having fun but he isn't
小題4:We can learn from the survey that a lot of people         .
A． pretend to enjoy their holiday
B． fail to relax while they are on holiday
C． feel that the benefits of going on holidays are limited
D． have made the some decision as the writer and most of his friends
小題5:The writer takes the book of Awful Holidays as an example to             .
A． damage the reputation of the magazine
B．prove his idea to be more popular than expected
C． indicate that his dislike of holidays is widely shared
D． foucs entirely on bad personal experiences of holidays

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Welcome to Australia
The Great Outdoors
Australia is the world’s oldest continent and indigenous Australians have one of the world’s oldest culture．
In Australia you will see unique plants and animals and some of the most beautiful scenery in the world．Many parks have information centres offering advice on where to go, what to see and how to see it--for both your personal safety and to protect our sensitive, natural environment．
Banks and Money Matters
Banks are generally open between 9:30am and 4pm on Monday to Thursday and 9:30am and 5pm on Friday．
Foreign currency or traveller’s cheques can be changed at all banks and some of the larger hotels．There are currency exchange facilities at all international airports．
___________________
Take care! Our sunlight is very strong and you can get sunburnt．
For best sun protection, it is advisable to wear:
A broad-brimmed hat
A shirt with a collar and sleeves
Sunscreen with high protection factor．
Swimming
We have so many beautiful places to swim--beaches, lakes, rivers and creeks．
Many of our waters are safe for swimming, but if you have any doubts, ask before entering the water．
Most of our popular ocean beaches have patrols with life-saving service．Red and yellow flags mark the area that you are advised to swim within．
If there are no flags and no life guards on the beach, talk to local people about the best areas to swim．
Staying Safe on the Roads
Australians drive on the left-hand side of the road．
For safety, everyone in the car, including children, must wear a seat belt．
Motor cyclists and bicyclists are required to wear a helmet．
Watch out for native animals crossing the roads, especially at night．Road signs are erected in places where animals are commonly seen．
小題1:What is the best title of the third part of the passage?
A．The SunB．Enjoy the Sun
C．WarningD．Outdoor Activities
小題2:If you arrive in Sydney at 5:10pm on Friday, where can you probably get your money changed on that day?
A．At a bank．B．At any hotel．
C．At a storeD．At the airport
小題3:What advice can you get at the park information centre?
A．Advice on how to wear a broad-brimmed hat．
B．Advice on how to drive safely in the park．
C．Advice on how to protect our environment
D．Advice on where to go to see a kangaroo．
小題4:How can you ensure your safety when swimming?
A．You can swim in whichever lake you like
B．You should swim with the life guard．
C．You can swim where there are red flags．
D．Always find a local person to ask about how to swim．
小題5:Which of the following word might be the closest in meaning with the underlined word “erected”?
A．set upB．protectedC．stoodD．noticed

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

Years ago，there was a very wealthy man who，with his devoted young son，shared a passion for art collecting ．Together，they traveled around the world，adding only        art treasures to their collection．
One year，as winter approached，    engulfed（吞沒） the nation，and the young man left to      in the army．After only a few short weeks，his father received a telegram．His beloved son was      in action．The art collector     awaited more news，     he would never see his son again．Within days，his fears were      ．The young man had died while rushing a fellow soldier to a doctor．
Upset and        ，the old man faced the coming Christmas holidays with sadness．On Christmas morning，a knock on the door awakened the        old man．As he opened the door，he was greeted by a        with a large package in his hands．
He introduced himself to the old man by saying，“I was a      of your son .I was the one he was      when he died．May I come in for a few moments? I have something to show you．”
As the two began to     ，the soldier told of how the man’s son had told everyone of his，not to mention his father’s，      of fine art．“I am no     ，”said the soldier，“but I want to give you this．”
As the old man unwrapped the package ，he saw a portrait （畫像）of his son．Though the world would        consider it the work of a genius，the painting featured the young man’s face        detail．
Overcome with emotion，the man      the soldier．After the soldier had left，the old man put the painting above the fireplace，pushing       thousands of dollars worth of art．His task completed，the old man sat in his chair and spent Christmas gazing at the        he had been given．
小題1:
A．poorestB．richestC．finestD．cheapest
小題2:
A．floodB．fireC．stormD．war
小題3:
A．saveB．protectC．serveD．build
小題4:
A．missingB．a(chǎn)ctingC．fightingD．dying
小題5:
A．calmlyB．a(chǎn)nxiouslyC．quietlyD．secretly
小題6:
A．fearingB．doubtingC．wonderingD．expecting
小題7:
A．completedB．doubledC．removedD．confirmed
小題8:
A．nervousB．tiredC．lonelyD．frightened
小題9:
A．sadB．puzzledC．a(chǎn)ngryD．worried
小題10:
A．farmerB．soldierC．painterD．seller
小題11:
A．guardB．photographerC．partnerD．friend
小題12:
A．rescuingB．commandingC．guardingD．hiding
小題13:
A．a(chǎn)rgueB．moveC．talkD．eat
小題14:
A．descriptionB．loveC．senseD．understanding
小題15:
A．a(chǎn)rtistB．businessmanC．heroD．reporter
小題16:
A．sometimesB．neverC．oftenD．still
小題17:
A．forB．ofC．inD．on
小題18:
A．thankedB．questionedC．welcomedD．treated
小題19:
A．downB．upC．a(chǎn)sideD．off
小題20:
A．treasureB．giftC．souvenirD．package

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