【題目】We can achieve knowledge either actively or passively. We achieve it actively by direct experience, by testing and proving an idea, or by reasoning.

We achieve knowledge passively by being told by someone else. Most of the learning that takes place in the classroom and the kind that happens when we watch TV or read newspapers or magazines is passive. Conditioned as we are to passive learning, it’s not surprising that we depend on it in our everyday communication with friends and co-workers.

Unfortunately, passive learning has a serious problem. It makes us tend to accept what we are told even when it is little more than hearsay(傳聞) and rumor.

Did you ever play the game Rumor? It begins when one person writes down a message but doesn’t show it to anyone. Then the person whispers it, word for word, to another person. That person, in turn, whispers it to still another, and so on, through all the people playing the game. The last person writes down the message word for word as he or she hears it. Then the two written statements are compared. Typically, the original message has changed.

That’s what happens in daily life. The simple fact that people repeat a story in their own words changes the story. Then, too, most people listen imperfectly. And many enjoy adding their own creative touch to a story, trying to improve on it, stamping it with their own personal style. Yet those who hear it think they know.

This process is also found among scholars and authors: A statement of opinion by one writer may be restated as fact by another, who may in turn be quoted by yet another; and this process may continue, unless it occurs to someone to question the facts on which the original writer based his opinion or to challenge the interpretation he placed upon those facts.

【1】According to the passage, active learning may occur in ________.

A. reading scientific journals

B. listening to the teacher in class

C. doing a chemical experiment

D. watching news programmes on TV

【2】What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A. Classroom. B. Newspapers.

C. Active learning. D. Passive learning.

【3】The game Rumor is mentioned in Paragraph 4 in order to tell readers that ________.

A. playing games can make people more active

B. people tend to like telling lies when playing games

C. a message may be changed when being passed on

D. people may have problems with their sense of hearing

【4】What can be inferred from the text?

A. Scholars and authors can’t be trusted.

B. Passive learning may not be reliable.

C. People like spreading rumors in daily life.

D. Active learning is more Important than passive learning.

【答案】

【1】C

【2】D

【3】C

【4】B

【解析】本文介紹了主動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)和被動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)，區(qū)分了什么是主動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)，什么是被動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)。并用實(shí)例說(shuō)明了被動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)存在的問(wèn)題。

【1】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段We achieve it actively by direct experience, by testing and proving an idea, or by reasoning.一句可知，積極學(xué)習(xí)包括親身經(jīng)歷，實(shí)踐等。故做化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)屬于積極學(xué)習(xí)。故選C。

【2】推理判斷題。it指代前面所說(shuō)的事情，前面說(shuō)的都是被動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容。故選D。

【3】推理判斷題。第四段介紹了Rumor這個(gè)游戲，即一個(gè)人寫下信息讓下面的人口述直到最后一個(gè)人再寫下信息內(nèi)容，最后內(nèi)容卻被改變了。作者通過(guò)這個(gè)例子是想告訴我們信息在傳遞過(guò)程中可能會(huì)被改變，故選C。

【4】推理判斷題。文章用兩個(gè)例子說(shuō)明了被動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)會(huì)改變?cè)瓉?lái)說(shuō)話者想要表達(dá)的意思，所以被動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)是不可靠的。故選B。

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