Most parents of kids under age 8 don't worry about how much time they spend watching TV or using other media, from computers to smart phones to tablets PCs, according to a new survey that found a child's use of media often reflects how much time parents spend in the similar way．
¨We generally found that media use is not a source of conflict in the home" for families with young children, Ellen Wartella, a researcher from Northwestem University, told USA Today． She led a survey of 2,326 parents who have children 8 and younger．It found that in 80 percent of families, children's media use was not a problem, with 55 percent “not too" or“ not at all"  concerned about it． It also showed parents have more positive than negative feelings about how media consumption affects a child's learning and the development of creativity．The exception is video games, which are viewed more negatively than TV, computers or mobile devices．“Parents rated video games as more likely to have a negative effect on children's school performance, attention time, creativity, social skills, behavior and sleep than any other medium," the researchers said in a news conference about the survey．
¨The findings exposes a generational shift （轉(zhuǎn)移） in parental attitudes about technology's role in young children's lives," said Wartella．“Today's parents grew up with technology as a central pact of their lives, so they think about it differently than earlier generations of parents, instead of a battle with kids on one side and parents on the other, the use of media and technology has become a family affair． "
The researchers identified three media environments created by parents: media-centric （39 percent of families） , media-moderate （45%）and media-light （16%）． Children  in media-centric families spend at least three hours more each day watching TV or using computers, video games and tablet PCs don't make parenting easier．And 88 percent of parents say they are most likely to turn to toys or activities to keep their children occupied．Slightly fewer turn to books （79%） and TV（78%）．
The survey didn't look at how media affects children． That's a topic that the American Academy of Pediatrics has handled a number of times． The AAP says studies have found too much media use can lead to attention- problems, school difficulties, sleep and eating disorders and being fat． In addition, the Internet and cell phones can provide platforms for illegal and risky behaviors．¨By limiting screen time and offering educational media and non-electronic formats （格式）such as books, newspapers and board games, and watching television with their children, parents can help guide their children's media experience． Putting questionable content into context and teaching kids a700ut advertising contributes to their media literacy （素養(yǎng)） ," it says．
The pediatricians' group says parents should have “screen-free zones"  and TV should be turned off during dinner． At most, it recommends children and teens engage with entertainment media for no more than two hours a day and that should be high-quality content． It is important for kids to spend time on outdoor play, reading, hobbies  and  using their imaginations  in free  play．“ Kids  under 2 should not use television and other entertainment media because their brains are developing quickly and they learn best from direct human interaction," the group says．
An article on screen time by t．he Mayo Clinic also notes problems linked t．o over screen time, including  being  fat, irregular  sleep , behavioral  problems , weak  school  performance , violence  and  less time for active and creative play．
小題1:Parents have more negative than positive feelings about media consumption like    ．
A．computersB．smart phones
C．video gamesD．tablets PCs
小題2:Most parents don't worry about kid's media use because        ．
A．they can limit the screen time
B．they want their children happy
C．they also grew up with technology
D．they can teach their children themselves
小題3:From the data of the survey, we learn       ．
A．children in media-centric families are smarter than others
B．children in media-light families spend one hour watching TV
C．more than half of the parents think children's media use was a problem
D．media-centric children spend more than three hours each day on media use
小題4:To make parenting easier, most parents probably        ．
A．try to persuade their children to read books
B．a(chǎn)sk their children questions while watching TV
C．a(chǎn)llow their children watching TV or using computers
D．turn to toys or activities to keep their children occupied
小題5:Which of the following is a suggestion by the researchers?
A．Media use time for babies under 2 should be limited．
B．Entertainment media use should be high-quality content．
C．Schools should provide more time for active and creative play．
D．Home media use should provide platforms for illegal and risky behaviors．

小題1:C
小題2:C
小題3:D
小題4:D
小題5:B

試題分析：本文講述孩子使用媒體的經(jīng)歷與父母有關(guān)，而這一代伴隨著科技長大的父母并不擔(dān)心孩子沉迷于這些電子設(shè)備。
小題1:C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段提到It also showed parents have more positive than negative feelings about how media consumption affects a child's learning and the development of creativity．The exception is video games, which are viewed more negatively than TV, computers or mobile devices．視頻游戲比電視，電腦，手機更有負(fù)面的影響故選C項。
小題2:C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段提到Today's parents grew up with technology as a central pact of their lives, so they think about it differently than earlier generations of parents,今天的這些父母就是伴隨著科技長大所以與以前的父母不一樣，他們并不擔(dān)心科技以對孩子的影響，故選C項。
小題3:D細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第四段提到Children  in media-centric families spend at least three hours more each day watching TV or using computers, video games and tablet PCs don't make parenting easier．可知孩子用在電子設(shè)備的時間超過三小時，故選D項。
小題4:D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段提到And 88 percent of parents say they are most likely to turn to toys or activities to keep their children occupied．大多數(shù)的家長會讓孩子玩玩具，參加活動，讓孩子有事做，故選D項。
小題5:B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段提到At most, it recommends children and teens engage with entertainment media for no more than two hours a day and that should be high-quality content．他建議青少年每天用于娛樂媒體的時間少于二個，應(yīng)該是高質(zhì)量的內(nèi)容，故選B項。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Most people are aware that outdoor air pollution can damage their health，but many do not know that indoor air pollution can also have significant health effects.Environmental Protection Agency studies indicate that indoor levels of pollutants may be 3～5 times，and occasionally more than 100 times，higher than outdoor levels.These levels of indoor air pollutants may be of particular concern because most people spend about 90% of their time indoors.
There are many sources of indoor air pollution in any home.These include sources such as oil，gas，coal，wood，and tobacco products，building materials，wet or damp carpet，and furniture made of certain pressed wood products，products for household cleaning and maintenance，personal care，or hobbies，central heating and cooling systems.
Immediate effects may show up after a single exposure (暴露) or repeated exposures.These include irritation of the eyes，nose，and throat，headaches，dizziness.Such immediate effects are usually short­term and treatable.Sometimes the treatment is simply removing the person’s exposure to the source of the pollution，if it can be identified.
The likelihood of immediate reactions to indoor air pollutants depends on several factors.Age and pre­existing medical conditions are two important influences.In other cases，whether a person reacts to a pollutant depends on individual sensitivity，which varies tremendously from person to person.Some people can become sensitized to biological pollutants after repeated exposures，and it appears that some people can become sensitized to chemical pollutants as well.
Certain immediate effects are similar to those from colds or other viral (病毒性的) diseases，so it is often difficult to determine if the symptoms are a result of exposure to indoor air pollution.While pollutants commonly found in indoor air are responsible for many harmful effects，there is considerable uncertainty about what concentrations or periods of exposure are necessary to produce specific health problems.People also react very differently to exposure to indoor air pollutants.Therefore，further research is needed to better understand the effects of indoor air pollution and to find efficient ways to protect our health.
小題1:According to the first paragraph，which of the following is NOT true?
A．People often fail to notice indoor air pollution.
B．Indoor air pollution sometimes is more dangerous than outdoor air pollution.
C．Outdoor air pollution may not be so serious as indoor air pollution.
D．It is obvious that people have been paying more attention to indoor air pollution.
小題2:According to the author，which may NOT be the source of indoor air pollution?
A．Building materials.B．Wet carpet.
C．Cooling system.D．Refrigerators.
小題3:What does the underlined word “irritation” in the third paragraph probably mean?
A．Bad intention.B．Much sensitivity.
C．Injury.D．Carelessness.
小題4:Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?
A．Reactions of PollutionB．Danger from Home
C．Pollution ResourcesD．Different Pollutions

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Have you seen a yellow-and-black salamander (火蜥蜴)? How about a scarlet frog? Scientists haven’t spotted either species in more than 20 years. What happened to them? Are the creatures still out there, or are they extinct?
Those are questions that scientists hope to answer. They recently set out around the world in search of those and other long-missing amphibians. An amphibian is an animal that spends part of its life in water and part on land. Frog, toads(蟾蜍), and salamanders are amphibians.
The experts are looking for about 100 species. They are searching at least 14 countries on five continents. They will look for the salamander in North America. They hope to find the scarlet frog in South America. They’re also looking for species in Africa, Asia and Australia.
Scientists are hopeful that they’ll find the amphibians—and soon! If the creatures are out there, they may need help. Many amphibians are endangered. The animals face many dangers including pollution and diseases. People cut down the forests where they live.
“If researchers can find the missing creatures, they might be able to figure out how to save them,” explains expert Robin Moore. He began searching for the amphibians earlier this month.
“This search will tell us a lot about how amphibians are doing,” Moore told WR News. “I don’t know what we will find, but that makes the search even more exciting.”
Lost in the Wild
Scientists’ hunt for missing amphibians is under way. Read about some of the species they hope to find.
Turkestanian salamander
This salamander is a mystery to scientists. Experts found a few of them more than 100 years ago, but none have been seen ever since.
Gastric brooding frog
Experts first discovered this frog in 1914 in eastern Australia. It may be extinct because of disease and habitat loss.
Rio Pescado stubfoot toad
Last sighting: 1995, in South America
Scientists hope to find this spotted toad in rivers and rainforests in Ecuador. The animal faces threats including pollution and disease.
小題1: Which of the following animals hasn’t been seen for over a century?
A．Rio Pescado stubfoot toad.
B．Gastric brooding frog.
C．Turkestanian salamander.
D．Scarlet frog.
小題2:It can be learned from the passage that _____.
A．the scarlet frog used to live in Africa
B．researchers have no way to save amphibians
C．the scientists will search 14 countries at most
D．Robin Moore has begun his search for amphibians
小題3: Why do the scientists want to find the missing amphibians?
A．Because they want to rescue the missing amphibians.
B．Because they want to set up a scientific program.
C．Because they want to do a scientific research on the missing amphibians.
D．Because they want to publish a report about the missing amphibians on WR News.
小題4: What does Moore think of the search for endangered amphibians?
A．It’s hopeful.B．It’s interesting.
C．It’s tiring.D．It’s dangerous.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

There is no denying that over the years college education has been accepted without the slightest doubt. All high school graduates should go, says conventional wisdom and statistical evidence, because college will help them earn more, become “better” citizens and be more responsible than those who don’t go.
But college can never work its magic for everyone. Now with half our high school graduates attending college, those unfit for the pattern are getting more. College graduates are selling shoes and driving taxis; college students interfere with each other’s experiments and write false letters of recommendation in the fierce competition for admission into graduate schools. Others find no stimulation (激勵) in their studies, and consequently have to drop out, which is often encouraged by college administrators.
Some observers say the fault lies with young people themselves --- they are spoiled and expecting too much. But that’s a condemnation (譴責(zé)）of the students as a whole, and doesn’t explain all campus unhappiness. Others blame our society. Both are partly right. We have been told that young people have to go to college because our economy can’t absorb an army of untrained eighteen-year-olds. But disappointed graduates are learning that it can no longer absorb an army of trained twenty-two-year-olds, either.
Some campus watchers suggest that college may not be the best, the proper or the only place for every young person after finishing high school. It seems that through the rosy (玫瑰的) glow of our own college experiences, we may have been looking at those surveys and statistics upside down. Perhaps college does not make people intelligent, ambitious, happy, or quick to learn things—maybe it is just the other way around. Intelligent, ambitious, happy, quick-learning people are merely those who are attracted to college in the first place. And perhaps all those successful college graduates would have been successful even without college education. This is heresy (異端邪說) to those who have been brought up to believe that if a little schooling is good, more has to be much better. But contrary evidence is beginning to pile up.
小題1:According to the first paragraph, ______.
A．people now no longer challenge college education
B．people have great expectations for college education
C．the author thinks youngsters should all go to college
D．people still have a low opinion of college education
小題2:More young people drop out of college because ______.
A．they are no longer motivated in their studies
B．they can start selling shoes and driving taxis
C．they compete for admission to graduate schools
D．college administrators encourage them to do so
小題3:Who does the author think is responsible for campus unhappiness?
A．young students who are all spoiled and expecting too much.
B．our society that can’t offer enough jobs to college graduates.
C．our society that has not enough jobs for high school graduates.
D．young people as well as our society are to blame for all this.
小題4:Which of the following statements is TRUE about those surveys and statistics?
A．They prove high school graduates are smarter than college graduates.
B．They are so convincing that we think of our rosy college experiences.
C．They may have been misread because of our rosy college experiences.
D．They prove wrong because they contradict our rosy college experiences.
小題5:What is the meaning of the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4?     
A．It is just the oppositeB．There is no right way
C．It is the wrong wayD．There’s no other way
小題6:What is the main purpose of this passage?
A．To inform young people college education is no longer important now.
B．To prove college education doesn’t make young people more intelligent.
C．Toargueagainsttheideathatcollegeisthefirst choiceforallyoungsters.
D．To tell young people that there’s something wrong with college education.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

My six-year-old came home from school this week with two envelopes. One was for a donation to help people in the Philippines. The other was to help hungry families have a Thanksgiving meal.
“I’ll put a check in each of these. Then you can add your own money from your piggy bank, okay?” I said, thinking he’d be so excited to put his own stamp on things.
“That’s okay, mom. You put money in. I don’t want to waste mine,” he sweetly sang as he colored. “I want to fill my bank all the way up.”
Ack! I guess I know what our dinnertime discussion will be about tonight, I thought.
I had figured that through watching his parents donate items, helping us take toys from time to time to needy kids and putting money in the basket at church, he would just understand why it was important to help people in need — and even want to do it himself.
But of course he doesn’t really understand yet. “There’s a big disconnect between the people ‘over there’ and my piggy bank,” said parenting educator Vicki Hoefle.
“There’s nothing wrong with the child. There’s just no connection.”
As for having that conversation immediately, or forcing my son to put money into the envelopes: “Try not to do it now,” Hoefle said. Teaching a child about donating their own money or toys or time to people in need “should be a gentle introduction into what we hope will be a way of life for our kids.”
She suggested these things to help children understand the importance of giving:
* Just talk about it. Then explore the issue from a perspective he can understand.
* Use the course of a year to introduce kids to opportunities. That way, they won’t be shocked when you ask them to stuff their own money into an envelope （like this writer just did）.
* Pick a family charity for the year and have a conversation about how you all can help throughout the year.
* Think of this not as something you must teach, but as something to expose them to.
At her house, Hoefle said, “When you got something new, you gave something up.” Each birthday, her children would pick what toys they had outgrown and give them away. “There was a comfort in it. It just became a natural part of the kids’ lives.”
So I will fill those envelopes alone this time. But I’ll make sure he understands why they should be filled—gradually.
小題1:When the writer asked her son to give money to help the poor, he __________.
A．declined to donate
B．sang a sweet song
C．put all his money in a bank
D．seemed very surprised
小題2:Hoefle’s attitude towards children’s unwillingness to donate money can be best described as “_______”.
A．criticalB．tolerantC．positiveD．worried
小題3:Which of the following is Hoefle’s approach to educating kids about charity?
A．Giving courses about charity.
B．Setting a rule for children to give.
C．Inviting a lot of poor people home.
D．Giving children enough real life chances.
小題4:What can we learn about the writer from the passage?
A．She often makes donations for people in need.
B．She taught her son a lesson over dinner that evening.
C．She is at a loss as for what she should do next.
D．She invited a parenting educator home for advice.
小題5:What is the best title of the passage?
A．Kids, please help those in need.
B．Why are kids unwilling to donate?
C．Kindness is lost in the young generation.
D．How can we help kids learn generosity?

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Dreams can be familiar and strange, fantastical or boring, but some dreams might be connected to the mental processes that help us learn. In a recent study, scientists found a connection between nap-time dreams and better memory in people who were learning a new skill.
In the study,99 college students between the ages of 18 and 30 each spent an hour on a compute, trying to get through a virtual maze（迷宮）.The maze was different place each time they tired—making it even more difficult. They were also told to find a particular picture of a tree and remember where it was.
For the first 90 minutes of a five-hour break, half of the participants stayed awake and an half were told to take a short nap .Participants who stayed awake were asked to describe their thoughts. Participants who took a nap were asked about their dreams before sleep and after sleep—and they were awakened within a minute of sleep to describe their dreams.
Stickgold, a neuroscientist（神經(jīng)科學(xué)家）,wanted to know what people were dreaming about when their eyes weren＇t moving during sleep.
Four of the 50 people who slept said their dreams were connected to the maze. Some dreamed about the music that had been playing when they were working ; others said they dreamed about seeing people in the maze. When these four people tried the computer maze again, they were able to find the tree faster than before their naps.
Stickgold suggests the dream itself doesn‘t  help a person learn—it＇s the other way around.He suspects that the dream was caused by the brain processes associated with learning.
All four of the people who dreamed about the task had done poorly the first time, which makes Stickgold wonder if the dreams show up when a person finds a new task particularly difficult. People who had other dreams, or people who didn＇t take a nap, didn＇t show the same improvement.
小題1:Before having a short nap, participants of the experiment were asked to       .
A．stay in a different place in the maze
B．design a virtual maze which is difficult to get through
C．experience the experiment and try to remember something
D．get through a virtual maze on a computer from the same place
小題2:What can we learn from the text?
A．Participants who took a nap were required to express their thoughts.
B．Some dreams may encourage people to invent something new.
C．Participants who dreamed about films could finish the task more easily.
D．Participants whose dreams had something to do with the maze could find the tree faster.
小題3:According to Stickgold,       .
A．every person may dream about what they learned
B．people＇s brain processes may still be connected with their learning in their dreams
C．once people＇s eyes stop moving, they are sure to dream about something
D．no matter how fantastical or boring, dreams are connected with people＇s life
小題4:What is the best title for this text?
A．Dreams Are StrangeB．Not All Dreams Are True
C．Dreaming Makes PerfectD．Stickgold, a Dream Expert

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

On countless mornings over the past year, I stood with my son, James, in our driveway, watching our neighbor hurry off to kindergarten．My wife and I wanted to give James the best  education, but that meant we'd have to change our jobs and spend less time with our kid．I asked myself, "Would this trade-off be worth it?" When I look at the research on child development, I think it might not．Where our kids go to school might matter less than most American parents think．
Social scientists have long tried to determine why some children grow up to be successful．In a 2001 study, Greg Duncan, a professor of education at the University of California, measured the influence that the people in a child's life have on how well the child does in school．Duncan and his team found almost no relationship between how students did on the test and whom they sat beside in class, whom they hung out with after school and who lived in their block．The only meaningful link they found was between siblings （兄弟姐妹） and twins in particular．
For a long time, scholars thought that a family's income heavily affected how well kids did   in life．But that might not be the case．When Susan Mayer at the University of Chicago looked at the relationship between family income and lifetime achievement, she ran a series of experiments to measure it, finding such outcomes weren't caused by income．She argued that the things that make a difference are relatively inexpensive: the number of books a kid has or how often his family goes to museums．
Lareau, another scholar began one of the most in-depth observations of American parenting．He concluded that success is much more related to the amount of time parents spend with their children．He said "Many parents I interviewed are anxious about their children's futures．But they have exaggerated（夸大） the sense of the risks involved if they don't give their children 'the best' of everything．"
So at last, we decided to leave things as it were．More time with our kid is the best we can provide．
小題1:The first paragraph is intended to _．
A．introduce the topic of the passage
B．confirm the result of a research
C．stress the importance of good education
D．support a research on child development
小題2:From the passage we know that most American parents _．
A．spend a lot of time with their children
B．like to buy a variety of books for their children
C．think children's achievement largely depends on schools
D．believe their income cannot afford children's education
小題3:Who believes children's brothers and sisters may influence their academic performance?
A．Lareau．B．Greg Duncan．C．Susan Mayer．D．James．
小題4:Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?
A．Parents' time matters to children's future．
B．School education determines children's future．
C．Family income counts to children's achievements．
D．Less education means more risks for children's success．

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Wikipedia: The Online Know-It-All
If you want to find out a piece of information about anything, the best place to search for it is Wikipedia. The name “Wikipedia” is from the Hawaiian word wiki, meaning “quick”. This online encyclopedia (百科全書) is written by thousands of people around the world. Anyone with Internet access can write, add or make changes to Wikipedia articles if he or she finds it incorrect or not well written. In this way, people who know a lot about a certain subject can write about it even if they are not university professors. But contributions cannot damage Wikipedia because many experienced editors are watching pages and techies (技術(shù)專家) can write editing programs to keep track of or correct bad edits. Where there are disagreements on how to present facts, editors work together to arrive at an article that fairly represents current expert opinion on the subject.
Wikipedia is quite different from paper-based reference sources in important ways. Unlike printed encyclopedias, it is continually created and updated, with articles on historic events appearing within minutes, rather than months or years.
What’s more, Wikipedia includes articles written in about 285 languages. This fact makes it one of the few websites on the Internet that are truly international. It was started in 2001 by Larry Sanger and Jimmy Wales, as a free online English-language encyclopedia project. Since its creation, it has grown rapidly into one of the largest reference websites, attracting nearly 500 million unique visitors monthly. There are more than 77,000 active contributors working on more than 22,000,000 articles in different languages. As of today, there are 4,396,866 articles in English.
So, if you are looking for some information, why not try Wikipedia? It’s free, multilingual，and informative.  
小題1:According to the passage, what is Wikipedia?
A．A free website encyclopedia.B．A computer game.
C．A free encyclopedia in book form.D．An online university.
小題2:From the passage we know that ______.
A．Wikipedia only charges users a small fee
B．Wikipedia catches a wide audience
C．incorrect editions might do great harm to Wikipedia
D．it will take long to update the information on Wikipedia
小題3:Where can we probably read the passage?
A．In a story book.B．In a research report.
C．In a science magazine.D．In a travel brochure.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Read a lot, I mean a lot! You have to increase your ability for reading. Many students are in the habit of reading only when their exams are approaching while some others read only what they are taught or things that must be read because it is in their curriculum. But listen to me now, I am telling you from my own experience that it is a very bad habit and it is not enough to improve your intelligence.
You have to learn and get ready to become versatile in your reading. The fact that you are studying medicine in school does not mean that you should not know one or two things on politics.
Many people have complained to me that they find it hard to read stuffs like novels but I just shake my head in pity for them because it is obvious they have failed to realize the truth in that wise saying by Margaret Fuller that “today a READER, tomorrow a LEADER!”
When you read, you get to “see” so many places and it will be as if you have visited those places in real life. This is because reading will improve your imagination and creativity and understanding. You also get experience from learning about how people dealt with their various problems thereby saving you from going through the pains and difficulties they must have gone through!
Reading will also help you in improving your vocabulary because you will certainly start coming across so many new words which you will try as much as possible to get accustomed to with the help of the dictionary! The good thing about increasing your vocabulary is that it will also improve your thinking ability. After all, we think in words and the more words you know, the easier it will become for you to express yourself or your thoughts.
And when you read, make sure you read so wide because the more you read, the more you know and the more you know the more intelligent you can become.
小題1:According to the author, what should students do in terms of reading?
A．They needn’t read unless the exams come.
B．They should read books about intelligence.
C．They must read about politics when their major is medicine.
D．They should read as wide as possible.
小題2:The underlined word “versatile” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _____.
A．interested B．many-sidedC．contentD．confident
小題3:What is the best title for the passage?
A．Increase your ability for reading
B．Read wide and improve your vocabulary
C．Reading improves your intelligence
D．Reading makes you a leader tomorrow
小題4:What is the benefit of knowing more words?
A．You will get used to referring to the dictionary when meeting with new words.
B．You will have less difficulty expressing your opinions.
C．Vocabulary will improve your creativity.
D．You can pass your exams with ease.

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