Question

【題目】 For most of us, work is the central, dominating fact of life. We spend more than half our conscious hours at work, preparing for work, traveling to and from work. What we do there largely determines our standard of living and our status to a considerable extent. It is sometimes said that because leisure has become more important, the injustices of work can be pushed into a corner, and that because most work is pretty intolerable, the people who do it should compensate for its boredom, frustrations and humiliations by concentrating their hopes on the other parts of their lives. For the foreseeable future, however, the material and psychological rewards which work can provide will continue to play a vital part in determining the satisfaction that life can offer.

Yet only a small minority can control the pace at which they work or the conditions where their work is done; only for a small minority does work offer scope for creativity, imagination or initiative.

Inequality at work is still one of the most glaring (明顯的) forms of inequality in our society. We cannot hope to solve the more obvious problems of industrial life, many of which arise from the frustrations created by inequality at work, unless we handle it determinedly.

The most glaring inequality is that between managers and the rest. For most managers, work is an opportunity and a challenge. Their jobs engage their interest and allow them to develop their abilities. They are constantly learning. They are able to exercise responsibility. They have a considerable degree of control over their own and others’ working lives. Most important of all, they have opportunities to initiate. By contrast, for most manual workers, work is a boring, dull, even painful experience. They spend all their working lives in intolerable conditions. The majority have little control over their work. It provides them with no opportunity for personal development. Many jobs are so routine that workers feel themselves to be mere cogs (齒輪) in the bureaucratic machine. As a direct consequence of their work experience, many workers feel alienated (疏遠(yuǎn)) from their work and their firm.

【1】In the writer’s opinion, people judge others mainly by ________.

A.the type of work they doB.the place where they work

C.the time they spend at workD.the amount of money they earn

【2】According to the writer, to solve problems in an industrial society, we ________.

A.should create more working opportunities for the poor

B.have to get rid of the unequal aspects in work

C.had better cancel all managing positions in a company

D.should encourage the manual workers to promote efficiency

【3】What advantage does the writer say managers have over workers?

A.They won’t be out of work.

B.They get time off to learn constantly.

C.They can work at what interests them.

D.They have complete control over themselves.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】A

【2】B

【3】C

【解析】

本文是議論文。工作的人們生活的中心和主導(dǎo)，工作也給人們帶來很多的問題。文章論述了這些問題。

【1】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的第二句話What we do there largely determines our standard of living and our status to a considerable extent.（我們在那里的所作所為在很大程度上決定了我們的生活水平和地位）可推知，別人會(huì)根據(jù)我們的工作來評判我們。故選A。

【2】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的We cannot hope to solve the more obvious problems of industrial life, many of which arise from the frustrations created by inequality at work, unless we handle it determinedly.（我們不能指望解決工業(yè)生活中更明顯的問題，其中許多問題是由工作中的不平等造成的挫折引起的，除非我們堅(jiān)決地處理它）可知，我們的工作存在很多不公平的現(xiàn)象，除非我們堅(jiān)決抵制。這里inequality 與 unequal同義替換，handle it determinedly與get rid of 同義替換。故選B。

【3】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段Their jobs engage their interest and allow them to develop their abilities.（他們的工作激發(fā)了他們的興趣，使他們得以發(fā)展自己的能力）可知，他們可以從事自己感興趣的工作。A選項(xiàng)無中生有，B選項(xiàng)沒有說they will get time off, D選項(xiàng)原文是to a large extent而非complete control.故選C。