The United States is not part of the Kyoto Protocol.But since 2005 more than 1,000 mayors across the country have agreed to sign their own version of the protocol.
It is called the United States Conference of Mayors' Climate Protection Agreement.Local leaders have agreed to follow the suggestions of the Kyoto Protocol in their communities.They have also agreed to urge state and federal governments to follow these suggestions.One goal is to reduce air pollution to the 1990 levels by 2012.
A “green” city might work on several kinds of environmental goals and programs.These include air quality，reducing electricity use, green building, public health, the reuse of materials, water quality and clean transportation.
The Natural Resources Defense Council works to protect the environment through action, law and science.One of its online projects is called Smarter Cities, which lists some cities that have made important environmental steps.
Washington，D.C.is also a leading city for green roofs，with over 92,000 square meters of green rooftops.The city also launched a program called “Skip the Bag，Save the River.”Stores charge people a five­cent  tax for using plastic or paper shopping bags instead of reusable bags.Money from the tax will be used to clean up a local river.
New York City is using water as a renewable energy source.For several years, the city has experimented with water in the East River to create energy.Officials operating the program recently asked for permission to put into place 30 river turbine devices.
The people of Portland, Oregon are among the top recyclers in the nation.People living there recycle over half of the waste they throw out.The city has also worked to provide green transportation by providing safe bike paths and free parking spaces where electric cars can get recharged.
In Oakland, California, you can ride on one of several public hydrogen­powered(氫氣作燃料的) buses.These buses release zero pollution into the air.However，they cost about five times more than common buses.
小題1:The United States Conference of Mayors' Climate Protection Agreement is aimed at________.
A．reducing energy use
B．reducing air pollution
C．improving public health
D．reusing waste materials
小題2:Why are shoppers charged a five­cent tax for buying shopping bags?
A．To clean a local lake that has been polluted.
B．To get enough money for the green roof project.
C．To prevent shoppers from using reusable bags.
D．To collect money for an environmental project.
小題3:New York City is cited as an example of________.
A．building green rooftops
B．making transportation clean
C．being good at recycling waste
D．using renewable energy source
小題4:Which of the following cities encourage citizens to use bicycles?
A．Washington，D.C.　   B．New York.
C．Portland.　  D．Oakland.
小題5:One obvious disadvantage of adopting hydrogen­powered buses is________.
A．its high cost　B．side effect
C．zero pollutionD．large space

小題1:B
小題2:D
小題3:D
小題4:C
小題5:A

小題1:解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的最后一句可知，the United States Conference of Mayors' Climate Protection Agreement的主要目標(biāo)之一是把空氣污染的水平在2012年前降低到1990年的水平。
答案　B
小題2:解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段的內(nèi)容可知，華盛頓市向使用塑料袋和紙袋的購物者收5美分的稅是為清理一條當(dāng)?shù)氐暮恿骰I款。
答案　D
小題3:解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段的內(nèi)容可知，紐約市利用河水發(fā)電，是充分利用了可再生能源的范例。
答案　D
小題4:解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第七段的內(nèi)容可知，美國Oregon州的Portland市鼓勵市民騎自行車作為綠色出行的方式。
答案　C
小題5:解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第八段的內(nèi)容可知，美國加利福尼亞州的Oakland市使用用氫氣作燃料的公交車，雖然它們對空氣無污染，但是造價是普通公交車的五倍，可見這種新型的環(huán)保公交費用相當(dāng)高。
答案　A
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

(2013·高考重慶卷，B)It is easy to overlook the role that your body plays in influencing your mood(情緒)．When you are____，you may find yourself  blaming work pressures or an unknown future.However，it could just be that you’ve been sitting behind your desk too long.
One way to improve your mood is____.Psychologically，it provides you with a break from the stresses in your life.Also，in the process，you may aim for____goals，like a new personal running record or a better body shape.The achievement of a particular goal makes you feel good and contributes to your____.That is why exercise has been shown to____your self­respect.
You do not have to train yourself____to feel the psychological benefits of exercise.What really matters is____，not intensity(強(qiáng)度)of your exercise.You can try walking for 30 minutes five times per week or simply gardening on weekends.
小題1:
A．illB．poor
C．unhappyD．unsuccessful
小題2:
A．playB．communication
C．sleepD．exercise
小題3:
A．clearB．present
C．commonD．early
小題4:
A．a(chǎn)bilityB．relationship
C．confidenceD．business
小題5:
A．tear downB．build up
C．set asideD．give out
小題6:
A．hardB．everywhere
C．carefullyD．late
小題7:
A．timeB．length
C．formD．frequency

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

There are quite a few advantages of wearing school uniforms. The idea may seem disagreeable at first, but considering all the positive effects coming from wearing uniforms you would be more likely to enjoy them.
Teachers love school uniforms because it helps provide an orderly learning environment. Having students dressed in uniforms may teach them how to present themselves in a neat and professional manner. It gives students the opportunity to learn how to dress like young ladies and gentleman. And they can focus their attention on academics rather than style.
Purchasing (購買) school uniforms is easy and needs less hesitation and consideration. No matter what the school’s policy is, there are only specific essential (基本的) pieces to the wardrobe (服裝) that are necessary, so it won’t break the bank. A few wardrobe items can last a long time. Parents could also enjoy an easy morning, as it will take less time to choose a set of clothes for the school day.
Students wearing uniforms will feel less pressure about what to wear or not to wear when their classmates are dressed similarly. Getting dressed before school becomes less of a chore(瑣事) when students are limited in their choices, so there shouldn’t be any trouble about choosing an outfit for the day and getting ready quickly. Some students may not like the lack of individuality(個性) with a uniform, but some school dress code policies may offer them the opportunities to show their unique styles.
Uniforms today are also becoming trendier and can be seen in many areas of pop culture. Celebrities(名人)and fashion designers are using uniforms as inspiration for new looks which also appeal to students.
小題1:What would be the best title for the text?
A．How to dress properly.
B．The history of school uniforms.
C．The advantages of school uniforms.
D．How to deal with pressure in school.
小題2:Teachers think that wearing school uniforms ________________.
A．is just a tradition that students should follow
B．makes students feel less pressure in study
C．helps students put more effort into their studies
D．makes students lose their independence and identity
小題3:The underlined part “it won’t break the bank” in Paragraph 3 probably means “__________”.
A．a(chǎn) school uniform doesn’t cost a lot of money
B．a(chǎn) school uniform should be worn every day
C．parents will have to go to the bank many times
D．parents who work in a bank can afford the uniform
小題4:We can infer from the text that school uniforms _________.
A．a(chǎn)re not popular with fashion designers
B．were not accepted by parents in the past
C．will be designed by students themselves
D．will be more fashionable in the future
小題5:The author’s attitude towards students’ wearing school uniforms is ___________.
A．negative B．supportive C．doubtful D．unclear

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Humans have sewn by hand for thousands of years. It was said that the first thread was made from animal muscle and sinew (腱). And the earliest needles were made from bones. Since those early days, many people have been involved in the process of developing a machine that could do the same thing more quickly and with greater efficiency.
Charles Wiesenthal, who was born in Germany, designed and received a patent on a double-pointed needle that eliminated the need to turn the needle around with each stitch (縫合) in England in 1755. Other inventors of that time tried to develop a functional sewing machine, but each design had at least one serious imperfection. ,科Frenchman Barthelemy Thimonnier finally engineered a machine that really worked. However, he was nearly killed by a group of angry tailors when they burned down his garment factory. They feared that they would lose their jobs to the machine.
American inventor Elias Howe, born on July 9, 1819, was awarded a patent for a method of sewing that used thread from two different sources. Howe’s machine had a needle with an eye at the point, and it used the two threads to make a special stitch called a lockstitch. However, Howe faced difficulty in finding buyers for his machines in America. In frustration, he traveled to England to try to sell his invention there. When he finally returned home, he found that dozens of manufacturers were adapting his discovery for use in their own sewing machines.
Isaac Singer, another American inventor, was also a manufacturer who made improvements to the design of sewing machines. He invented an up-and-down-motion mechanism that replaced the side-to-side machines. He also developed a foot treadle(腳踏板) to power his machine. This improvement left the sewer’s hands free. Undoubtedly, it was a huge improvement of the hand-cranked machine of the past. Soon the Singer sewing machine achieved more fame than the others for it was more practical, it could be adapted to home use and it could be bought on hire-purchase. The Singer sewing machine became the first home appliance, and the Singer company became one of the first American multinationals.
However, Singer used the same method to create a lockstitch that Howe had already patented. As a result, Howe accused him of patent infringement（侵犯）. Of course, Elias Howe won the court case, and Singer was ordered to pay Howe royalties（版稅）. In the end, Howe became a millionaire, not by manufacturing the sewing machine, but by receiving royalty payments for his invention.
小題1:Barthelemy Thimonnier’s garment factory was burned down because _____________.
A．people did not know how to put out the fire
B．Elias Howe thought Thimonnier had stolen his invention
C．the sewing machines was couldn’t work finally
D．workers who feared the loss of their jobs to a machine set fire
小題2:Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?  
A．Singer is an American inventor and manufacturer.
B．The Singer sewing company became more practical.
C．The foot treadle helped to make the sewer’s hands free.
D．Singer made improvements to the design of sewing machines.
小題3:Why did the court force Isaac Singer to pay Elisa Howe a lifetime of royalties?
A．Because the judge was against Singer for his surly attitude.
B．Because Howe had already patented the lockstitch used by Singer.
C．Because Singer had borrowed money from Howe and never repaid it.
D．Because Singer and Howe had both invented the same machine.
小題4:Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?
A．A Stitch in Time Saves Nine
B．The Case between Howe and Singer
C．Patent Laws on the Sewing Machine
D．The Early History of the Sewing Machine

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

“iPhone 5”, the tallest thing to happen to iPhone since iPhone

We don’t want to change your phone, we want to make you say, “Wow, that is a bigger change than I expected”. “iPhone 5” is a result of that desire to surprise.
It’s been completely redesigned. For the first time ever, we’ve increased the size of display (顯示) by making the screen taller but not wider.
You can see more of your content without the need to scroll. We are making scrolling the thing of the past. It is more comfortable to use and reduces tiredness from scrolling when you read long documents.
Even with the larger display, it is the thinnest iPhone we ever built. To achieve the design this tall, we have to look at it and completely redesign the architecture inside. It’s 18% thinner and 79.5% taller than the previous iPhone. It makes everything you do on “iPhone5” easier. No more hidden menus, no confusing gestures. Everything is right at your fingertips.
The panorama feature (全景拍照) is simply awesome. The ultra HD (超高清) widescreen display lets you get your entire shot in a single snap (快門). You can also use its creative design for picture stabilization.
With an iPhone this tall, reception of signals has never been better. And of course, all your favorite applications are still available. In fact you will find your old favorites also benefit from the new experiencing handsome ultra HD widescreen. We found while many previous iPhone owners were using Facetime, they only used it for the faces. That’s why we are introducing Bodytime. With its ultra HD widescreen display, Bodytime lets you see a person’s entire body.
It took all of our learning and all of our thinking to realize something so simple, so clear, and yet so tall.
And I wish your pocket were tall enough to hold such a perfect invention!
小題1:How is the screen of “iPhone 5” different from the previous ones?
A．Wider.B．Taller.C．Easier.D．Thinner.
小題2:What does the underlined word “scroll” probably mean?
A．Update the webpage.B．Download new documents.
C．Refresh the content.D．Move the content upward.
小題3:What can we infer about “iPhone 5” from the passage?
A．It is really necessary for you to hide menus.
B．The reception of signals is bad due to its length.
C．Bodytime is popular with previous iPhone owners.
D．New applications of “iPhone 5” are unbelievable.
小題4:“iPhone 5” is introduced in a(n) ________ way in this passage.
A．humorousB．objectiveC．scientificD．serious

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Bad teeth may be painful and it’s getting worse without treatment. They can even ruin your life. Illness of the teeth can find its way into the blood system. This can increase the chances of a heart disease or other illnesses.
Experts say good care for teeth should start at birth. Mothers’ milk is the best food for the healthy development of teeth.
But dentists say a baby’s mouth and early teeth should be cleaned after each feeding. Use a cloth with a little warm water. Do the same if a baby is fed with a bottle. Experts say if you decide to put your baby to sleep with a bottle, give him only water.
When baby’s teeth begin to appear, you can clean them with a wet toothbrush. Dentists say it is important to find soft toothbrushes made especially for babies and to use them very gently. Young children often eat toothpaste (牙膏) when they brush, so they should be carefully watched when they brush their teeth.
Parents often ask what effect thumb sucking (咬手指) might have on their baby’s teeth. Experts generally agree that this is fine early in life. Most children stop sucking their thumbs by the age of four. If it continues, parents should talk to their children’s dentist or doctor.
Dentists say children should have their first dental visit by the time they are one year old. They say babies should be examined when their first teeth appear usually at around six months.
小題1:Why should people pay attention to teeth problems?
A．They can cause other illnesses.
B．They will bring bad luck.
C．They will bring the family much trouble.
D．They usually last a long time.
小題2: According to the writer, baby’s teeth should be protected from the day ______.
A．he begins to speakB．he has his first tooth
C．he was bornD．he is fed with bottle milk
小題3:The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refers to “_____”.
A．toothacheB．parents’ troubleC．thumb suckingD．experts’ advice

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

New research has revealed that which song drivers listen to can influence how safe they are on the roads.Among the top ten safest songs to drive to are Come Away With Me by Norah Jones，I Don't Want to Miss a Thing by Aerosmith and Tiny Dancer by Elton John.Each of the songs has an optimum tempo(最佳節(jié)奏) for safe driving，imitating the human heartbeat at around 60 to 80 beats per minute.The Scientist by Coldplay and Justin Timberlake's Cry Me a River also appeared in the top 10.
The study，conducted at London Metropolitan University，also revealed the type of songs that cause motorists to drive dangerously.Unsurprisingly，music that is noisy increases a driver's heart rate，which can be deadly.Fast beats cause excitement that can lead people to concentrate more on the music than on the road and to speed up to match the beat of the song.Styles of music were also measured during the experiment and revealed differences between male and female drivers.Hip­hop made a female driver drive far more aggressively，speeding up faster than male driver.The heavy metal music caused the fastest driving among males in the group while the dance music had the same effect among women.The male and female drivers who listened to the classical music drove the most irregularly.
The experiment involved eight people driving 500 miles each using the confused.com MotorMate app，which monitored driving behaviors through GPS technology.
小題1:What's the main idea of the whole passage?
A．Songs that drivers prefer to listen to on their way.
B．A study made by the confused.com MotorMate app.
C．What kind of songs the drivers should choose to listen to during driving.
D．Female drivers and male drives have different responses to the same music.
小題2:The underlined word “monitored” in the last paragraph means________．
A．controlledB．bannedC．modeledD．showed
小題3:．Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A．Tiny Dancer by Elton John appeared in the top 10.
B．Usually human hearts beat at around 60 to 80 beats per minute.
C．The classical music makes most drivers drive comfortably and safely.
D．The passage reveals appropriate music and improper music for drivers.
小題4:If there is another paragraph in the end of the passage，the author may mention________．
A．female and male drivers' popular tastes of music
B．how did the study carry out
C．why fast beat music is harmful to drivers
D．some music with optimum tempo for driver to enjoy

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Fahad Azad, an engineer in India, invented a robot named DuctBot．The toy-car sized DuctBot measured 23 centimeters in length, 19 centimeters in width and 9 centimeters in height and weighs just two kilograms．
The robot is designed to snake through dark, narrow air conditioning ducts （管道） and clean them．A pair of LEDs fitted on the robot light up the dirty scenery, so it can be captured （抓拍） by a camera．
In order to control it more easily, Mr. Azad chooses to fix DuctBot on wheels．The robot can clean off lots of dirt, as well as dead pigeons and insects．Keeping indoor air in good quality and monitoring carbon-dioxide levels in buildings with central air conditioning is a challenge．It is important in some places where clean air can mean a difference between life and death, such as hospitals．Dirty air has a bad influence on people's health．
EPSCO, a Dubai-based company which specializes in improving indoor air quality, read about Mr. Azad's invention in a national newspaper after he had won an international robotics competition．EPSCO had cleaning equipment, but it needed someone to get into those ducts to do the dirty, dangerous work．Across India, for example, the task still falls to children．They are small enough to go through those ducts．
In 2005, Mr. Azad who was still at university decided to do something about it．Six years later his own company, Robosoft Systems, has Bluestar, EPSCO and the Indian Navy, some leading air condition makers, as partners．
Mr. Azad and his ten employees are currently exploring robot designs to examine oil tanks or sewage （污水）pipes．Their biggest challenge is to make the robots user-friendly enough．Mr. Azad hopes that the robot could eventually be operated not by engineers but by workers．There will be lots of difficulties they need to overcome in the future．
小題1:What can we learn about Ductbot?
A．It is a toy car and popular with children．
B．It is designed to move like a snake in the ducts．
C．many LEDs are fitted on it to tell its location．
D．It is actually a camera to capture dirty scenery．
小題2:The underlined word "it" in Paragraph 2 refers to "____"．
A．the cameraB．the conditioning duct
C．the LED lightD．the dirty scenery
小題3:What can the Ductbot do for us?
A．Clean off the dirt in the ducts．
B．Control the central conditioning．
C．Reduce carbon-dioxide in buildings．
D．Protect more animals in city．
小題4:According to the text, EPSCO____．
A．has won an international robotics competition
B．hired children to clean the dirty ducts in the past
C．is the only partner of Robosoft Systems
D．specializes in improving people's health
小題5:What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A．Only engineers can operate the Ductbot now．
B．New ways have been found to examine oil tanks．
C．Azad's difficulties are impossible to overcome．
D．Azad's team are working to improve their robot designs．

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Homework and stress are rarely reduced inside the classroom. Meanwhile, outside the classroom, the pressure is on to find scholarships for college.
According to Braintrack, a higher education database with worldwide reach, more than 3 billion US dollars (18 billion yuan) in private scholarships are awarded to college students annually. Average awards range from $2,000 to $3,000.
The scholarship application process is similar to the college application process: forms to be completed, test scores and transcripts to be sent, essays to be written and often interviews to be prepared for.
A few great places to start looking for scholarships are: www.fastweb.com, www.finaid.org and www.collegexpress.com.Check out the annual scholarship guidebooks Scholarships, Grants & Prizes by Peterson’s and the Ultimate Scholarship Book: Billions of Dollars in Scholarships, Grants and Prizes by Gen Tanabe and Kelly Tanabe.
Be selective. Thoroughly research the qualifications required by each of the scholarships. Don’t waste your time applying for those that are need-based if you can’t produce the appropriate documents.
Research past recipients (接受者). Check out the websites of the organizations sponsoring the scholarships. Many post the biographies of past recipients. You don’t need to have cured cancer, but if you don’t think your résumé (履歷) measures up to the past winners’, you might be better served by moving onto the next scholarship on your list. Prepare for the interview.
You’ll want to dazzle them with your personality, but above all you’ll want to be prepared. Find someone you trust to conduct a similar interview with you – someone who will be honest with you and provide valuable suggestions.
Let your personality shine through in your essays. The essays are the best way for students to share who they are, where they’ve come from, what they’ve overcome and so on. Tell your story in an interesting and persuasive  way. And if you do have an interview, send a thank-you note afterward.
By Lee Bierer
小題1:What is the author’s main purpose in writing the article?
A．To explain where to find scholarships for US colleges.
B．To inform readers of the scholarship application process.
C．To introduce some typical scholarships offered by US colleges.
D．To give tips on applying for US college scholarships.
小題2:If you want to learn about past recipients of a scholarship, you can use __.
A．www.collegexpress.com
B．the annual scholarship guidebooks published by Peterson’s
C．the websites of the organizations sponsoring the scholarships
D．The Ultimate Scholarship Book: Billions of Dollars in Scholarships, Grants and Prizes
小題3:The underlined word “dazzle” in Paragraph 7 is closest in meaning to ___.
A．influenceB．impressC．guideD．present
小題4:To increase your chance of winning a scholarship, you are advised to ____.
A．a(chǎn)pply for as many scholarships as you can
B．tell an interesting story in your essay
C．do a similar interview to help you prepare for the real one
D．have a talk with past recipients and try to talk like they do

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