Time out, extra chores and taking away privileges are more useful forms of disciplining (懲戒)naughty children than spanking or hitting, according to a study on Wednesday.

About 94 percent of parents use some form of physical punishment to teach their two-year-olds right from wrong, according to research studies. But psychologists say it could lead to later emotional and behavioral problems.

Even children who were only spanked some of the time are more likely to show signs of sadness or have less confidence.

      “The key is to be fair and do the same thing each time. Doing something like hitting a child that seems cruel at best doesn’t help and can put a child at risk for problems,” said Dr Paul Frick, of the University of New Orleans in Louisians.

      “It is better to use other punishments,” he added.

      The use of physical punishment to teach children has long been debated. In countries such as Austria, Finland, Germany and Sweden, it is illegal to use physical punishment at home or in schools.

Frick and his team, who studied the effects of physical punishment on 98 children, said they couldn’t find any positive effects. Some children learned more from the hitting than what the parent was trying to teach them.

      “The key is to have a lot of different forms of punishment depending on the age of the child,” said Frick, who reported his findings in the Journal of Applied Child Psychology.

      He recommended time out for younger children and taking away television and electronic toys for older children. Giving extra chores can also get the message across.

      Other measures are at least as effective as physical punishment and have less harmful potential consequences.

      The researchers kept children whom they thought were at risk of later conduct problems out of the test and an equal number of other children who acted as a control group, to study what measures would be most helpful.

      They questioned the parents and the children about positive and negative parenting behavior including the use of physical punishment.

      “We got it from both viewpoints,” said Frick.

      He added that children on the receiving end of a hit can learn that when they are upset and angry they hit, rather than understanding their behavior was wrong and that they need to do better.

67. What’s the purpose of the writer to write this article?

A.To debate if physical punishment is illegal.

B.To introduce how to deal with young kids.

C.To talk about how to discipline young kids.

D.To order parents not to spank young kids.

68. Which of the following punishments is NOT recommended by Frick and his team?

      A. Taking away toys                                 B. Not allowing watching TV

      C. Doing more housework.                D. Switching TV channels 

69. What should be kept in mind when disciplining a kid?

A. How he or she usually behaves.

B. Tell them why they are punished.

C. Use different forms of punishment each time.

D. Be fair and stick to the same principle.

70. According to the passage, why did Dr Frick advise against physical punishment?

A. Because the children may hit people as a solution to problems.

B. Because the children will learn their behavior is wrong in time.

C. Because it is illegal to use physical punishment in certain countries.

D. Because parents think it’s the easiest way to teach kids right from wrong.

【小題1】C

【小題2】D

【小題3】D

【小題4】A

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Many parents find that their children act very mean to their friends．They wonder what they can do about this behavior without squashing their spirit．Here is what parenting experts explain and suggest：
Pre-schoolers have no idea how others feel．They are in the process of understanding their own feelings and have not yet developed “emotional intelligence”．Children of this age also do things just because it can make them feel powerful when they are able to make others respond．
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Parents should set up a consequence when this negative behavior occurs．You can give these other ideas a try first．If you’re not seeing any results after a few times, then go ahead and set up the consequence (such as not being able to play with that child)．Avoid using “time out” because it doesn’t work．It gives the child too much power and too much attention．The most effective consequences are those that are directly tied to the behavior．If she is being mean to children, then the play session ends．And most importantly, set up this consequence in advance when the negative behavior is NOT occurring．
If you should catch her being a “bully” to another child, and she has somehow hurt him or her, immediately put all your attention on the victim, not her．Don’t scold or punish your daughter．Softly, gently, and immediately, nurture the hurt child and get your daughter to assist you in the nurturing．When things have calmed down, let her know face to face how disappointed you are in her behavior, not her as a child．
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A．tell him directly that it is a wrong doing             B．demonstrate what a good behavior is
C．make him apologize to his friend                         D．a(chǎn)sk his friend not to play with him any more
69．The underlined phrase “make a big deal out of it” in paragraph 3 probably means ________．
A．show some disappointment                                  B．say a few words of praise
C．exchange gifts with the child                                D．present a surprised look
70．When dealing with a child’s mean action, you shouldn’t _______．
A．punish her in the presence of her friend            B．put on a disappointed look on your face
C．tell her that you are unhappy to see that          D．nurture the hurt child immediately
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A．bring up children                                                       B．solve pre-school children’s problems
C．help children make friends                                     D．guide children when bad behaviors occur

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A．one B．two C．three D．four
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請認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文, 并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。注意：每空格1個單詞。
The job of raising children is a tough one. Children don’t come with an instruction handbook. And each child is different. So parents sometimes pull their hair out in frustration, not knowing what to do. But in raising children---as in all of life---what we do is influenced by our culture. Naturally then, American parents teach their children basic American values.
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The relationship between parents and children in America is very informal. American parents try to treat their children as individuals ─ not as extensions of themselves. They allow them to fulfill their own dreams. Americans praise and encourage their children to give them the confidence to succeed. When children become adults, their relationship with their parents becomes more like a friendship among equals. But contrary to popular belief, most adult Americans don’t make their parents pay for room and board when they come to visit. Even as adults, they respect and honor their parents.
Most young couples with children struggle with the issue of childcare. Mothers have traditionally stayed home with their children. In recent years, though, a growing trend is to put preschoolers in a day care center so Mom can work. Many Americans have strong feelings about which type of arrangement is best. Some argue that attending a day care center can be a positive experience for children. Others insist that mothers are the best caregivers for children. A number of women are now leaving the workforce to become full-time homemakers.
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Title: The Job of Raising Children

Paragraph outline
Supporting details
Introduction
It is no easy task to bring up children. Parents sometimes feel very 1 ▲ , not knowing what to do.
The goal of parents
They help children to be 2 ▲  instead of depending on parents.
The relationship between parents and children
An informal relationship exists between American parents and children.
● Children are praised and 3 ▲  to realize their dreams.
● Children are treated 4 ▲ more like friends.
The issue of childcare
Most young couple struggle with this issue. 
● 5 ▲ , mothers stayed home with kids.
● Recently, a day care center is where preschoolers are put.
● There is a(n) 6 ▲  over whether attending a day care center is a positive experience for children.
Ways to 7 ▲ children
American parents have different opinions.
● "Time outs" have become 8 ▲  in recent years.
● 9 ▲  away some privileges is a way to punish  some older children and teenagers.
Conclusion
Raising children takes patience, love, wisdom, courage etc., but it is 10 ▲  .
 

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As the new term starts, freshmen around the world are asking the same question: how can I make the best of four years at college? The New York Times received suggestions recently from PhD students and seniors at some of the top universities . Here is their advice.

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1.The underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 means we should _________.

A．spend more time at school                B．take some time out of school

C．listen to criticism more                   D．not argue with roommates

2.Who thinks it is important to consider something critically?

A．Aman Singh Gill                         B．Christine Smallwood

C．Tim Novikoff                           D．Willlie Lin

3.As for modern information devices, the last two paragraphs mean to tell us ________.

A．to keep ourselves off them forever not to use them

B．to turn them off

C．to make a schedule to use them

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4.This passage is mainly about _________.

A．tips from some students for college life

B．ways to read something serious regularly

C．days without cell-phones and computers

D．chances to go to university you really like

 

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科目：高中英語 來源：2010溫州省高一期末統(tǒng)考 題型：完型填空

完形填空（共20 小題, 每小題 1 分, 滿分20 分）

Sometimes your biggest weakness can become your biggest strength. Here is the story of one 10-year-old boy who decided to study judo (柔道) __36__ the fact that he had lost his left arm in a car accident.

The boy began __37__ with an old Japanese judo the sensei (師傅). The boy was __38__ well, but he couldn’t understand __39__, after three months of training the sensei had taught him only one move.

“but this is the only move you’ll ever __40__ to know,” the sensei told him.

Not quite understanding, but believing in his teacher, the boy __41__ training.

Several months later, the sensei took the boy to his first tournament (循環(huán)賽). __42__ himself, the boy easily won his __43__ two matches. The third match proved to be more __44__, but after some time, the boy __45__ used his one move to win the match. Still amazed by his success, the boy was now in the __46__.

This time, his competition was bigger, stronger, and more __47__. Concerned that the boy might get hurt, the judge called a time-out. He was about to __48__ the match when the sensei intervened (阻止).

“No,” the sensei __49__, “Let him continue.” Soon after the match started again, his competitor made a __50__ mistake: he dropped his guard. Instantly, the boy used his __51__ to attack him. The boy had won the match and the tournament.

On the way home, the boy summoned(鼓起) the __52__ to ask the sensei how he could win the tournament with only one move.

“You won __53__ two reasons,” the sensei answered. “First, you’ve almost learned one of the most difficult __54__ in all of judo. And second, the only known defense for that move is for your competitor to grab your __55__ arm.”

36. A. against                B. without                 C. except                  D. despite

37. A. work                  B. lessons                  C. school                  D. activity

38. A. doing             B. going            C. getting           D. learning

39. A. what                   B. when                    C. why                     D. how

40. A. manage           B. try                 C. come            D. need

41. A. kept              B. stopped         C. risked            D. delayed

42. A. Entertaining     B. Enjoying        C. Satisfying       D. Surprising

43. A. other           B. first            C. another         D. every

44. A. simple                B. difficult                C. exciting                D. interesting

45. A. completely          B. skillfully               C. secretly                 D. reasonably

46. A. forces                 B. difficulties            C. finals                    D. rounds

47. A. experienced         B. learned                 C. cruel                    D. powerful

48. A. continue             B. control                 C. start                     D. stop

49. A. insisted               B. protected              C. promised              D. replied

50. A. curious         B. funny           C. serious          D. slight

51. A. strength              B. skill                     C. arm                      D. move

52. A. power                 B. courage                C. memory                D. chance

53. A. for                     B. with                     C. on                        D. about

54. A. kicks                  B. jumps                   C. throws                  D. movements

55. A. only           B. either           C. right             D. left

 

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