【題目】根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

Communication roadblocks are very common. They occur when two people talk in such a way that neither one feels understood.【1】However, there are several ways to help individuals overcome roadblocks.

Soften the startup. One of the skills to overcome communication roadblocks is to begin a conversation by starting with something positive, expressing appreciation and taking responsibility for thoughts and feelings.【2】For example, 'I want to stay more involved in making decisions about money' rather than 'You never include me in financial decisions. '

Make and receive repair attempts. Another important skill in overcoming communication roadblocks is learning to make and receive repair attempts. They are efforts to prevent an increasingly negative interaction from going any further.【3】This is important because when conflicts appear, we often experience stress that can affect our ability to think and reason, which can lead to communication roadblocks. Taking time away from the conflict to calm down can help us be more prepared to discuss the issue.

【4】Overcoming communication roadblocks requires each partner to take turns being the speaker and the listener so that each has a chance to express themselves effectively. The goal is not to solve a particular problem, but rather to have a safe and meaningful discussion and to understand each other's point of view, which may lead to more effective communication.

Dealing with communication roadblocks can take large amounts of mental, emotional, and physical energy. But learning and using a few simple skills can increase positive communication with others.【5】

A.Use effective speaking and listening skills.

B.Deal with roadblocks in communicating with partners.

C.Sometimes we can take a break or make efforts to calm the situation.

D.They are not good for effective communication and often deepen the conflicts.

E.The opportunities for personal and relationship growth are well worth the effort.

F.In addition, starting the message in the first person can promote positive communication.

G.Recognizing roadblocks and trying to communicate effectively help positive interactions.

【答案】

【1】D

【2】F

【3】C

【4】A

【5】E

【解析】

這是一篇選句填空。文章主要給讀者介紹了一些可以幫助克服交流障礙的小技巧。

【1】

上文Communication roadblocks are very common. They occur when two people talk in such a way that neither one feels understood.(溝通障礙是很常見的。當(dāng)兩個人以一種互相不理解的方式交談時，就會發(fā)生這種情況)與D. They are not good for effective communication and often deepen the conflicts.(它們不利于有效溝通，而且往往會加深沖突)承接自然，選項中的they就上文提到的communication roadblocks，故選D項。

【2】

下文For example, 'I want to stay more involved in making decisions about money' rather than 'You never include me in financial decisions. ' (例如，“我想更多地參與有關(guān)金錢的決策”，而不是“你從來沒有讓我參與財務(wù)的決策”)與F. In addition, starting the message in the first person can promote positive communication.(此外，以第一人稱開始信息可以促進積極的溝通)承接自然，下文是對選項所提到方法的舉例說明，故選F項。

【3】

下文This is important because when conflicts appear, we often experience stress that can affect our ability to think and reason, which can lead to communication roadblocks. Taking time away from the conflict to calm down can help us be more prepared to discuss the issue.(這一點很重要，因為當(dāng)沖突出現(xiàn)時，我們經(jīng)常會感受到壓力，這種壓力會影響我們的思考和推理能力，從而導(dǎo)致溝通障礙。從沖突中抽時間冷靜下來，可以幫助我們更有準備地討論這個問題) 與C. Sometimes we can take a break or make efforts to calm the situation.(有時，我們可以休息一下或努力讓局勢平靜下來。)承接自然，下文的this就指代選項中所提到的內(nèi)容，此外calm是關(guān)鍵詞，故選C項。

【4】

根據(jù)下文Overcoming communication roadblocks requires each partner to take turns being the speaker and the listener so that each has a chance to express themselves effectively. (克服溝通障礙需要雙方輪流做說話者和傾聽者，以便每個人都有機會有效地表達自己)可知，本段主要講述要有效利用說話和傾聽的技能。A. Use effective speaking and listening skills.(使用有效的談話和聽話技巧)可以作為本段中心句，故選A項。

【5】

上文But learning and using a few simple skills can increase positive communication with others.(但是，學(xué)習(xí)和使用一些簡單的技巧可以增加與他人的積極溝通)與 E. The opportunities for personal and relationship growth are well worth the effort.(這些發(fā)展個人和人際關(guān)系的機會是值得你付出努力的)承接自然，因為簡單的技巧可以增加與他人的積極溝通，是發(fā)展自己個人和人際關(guān)系的機會，值得付出努力。故選E項。

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On Knowing the Difference

It is as though we can know nothing of a thing until we know its name. Can we be said to know what a pigeon is unless we know that it is a pigeon? We may have seen it again and again, and noted it as a bird with a full bosom and swift wings. But if we are not able to name it except vaguely as a “bird”, we seem to be separated from it by a vast distance of ignorance. Learn that it is a pigeon however, and immediately it rushes towards us across the distance, like something seen through a telescope. No doubt to the pigeon fancier (愛好者) this would seem but the most basic knowledge, and he would not think much of our acquaintance with pigeons if we could not tell a carrier from a pouter. That is the charm (魅力) of knowledge—it is merely a door into another sort of ignorance.

There are always new differences to be discovered, new names to be learned, new individualities to be known, new classifications to be made. No man with a grain of either poetry or the scientific spirit in him has any right to be bored with the world, though he lived for a thousand years.

There is scarcely a subject that does not contain sufficient differences to keep an explorer happy for a lifetime. It is said that thirteen thousand species of butterflies have already been discovered, and it is suggested that there may be nearly twice as many that have so far escaped the naturalists Many men give all the pleasant hours of their lives to learning how to know the difference between one kind of moth (蛾) and another. One used to see these moth-hunters on windless nights chasing their quarry fantastically with nets in the light of lamps. In chasing moths, they chase knowledge. This, they feel, is life at its most exciting, its most intense.

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Title: On Knowing the Difference

Passage outline

Supporting details

The 【1】 of a name in knowing a thing

● Not knowing its name, you will feel distantly 【2】 from a thing however many times you’ve seen it.

● A thing will become magically close and 【3】 to you the moment you are able to name it.

● The charm of knowledge 【4】 in that its boundaries can be always pushed back.

A world full of differences

● As there’s always something new remaining to be 【5】, one is not supposed to Suffer any boredom with the world in his lifetime.

● One subject alone contains so many 【6】 that anyone interested may have to devote his 【7】 to learning them.

● By chasing knowledge, people will experience the greatest 【8】 and intensity that life can offer.

True but never entirely true generalizations

● The way the townsman look at sheep and we look at foreigners illustrates that our first generalizations are made out of 【9】 of knowledge.

● Important as generalizations are in our thinking and acting, they will become lies once we regard them as absolute 【10】.

● Coming to know the variety of things with delight is the final generalization all science and poetry aim to make.

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