閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

Facebook CEO Zuckerberg just had a baby girl named Max, and to honor the occasion, he’s giving away the majority of his wealth．In the letter 1. (write) by Zuckerberg and his wife, Priscilla Chan, to 2. (they) new baby girl, he announced the birth of his first child and the 3. (create) of the Chan Zuckerberg Fund, 4. will focus on curing disease, connecting people and 5. (build) strong communities．

“For your generation to live in 6. better world, there is so much more our generation can do,” Zuckerberg wrote．“Today your mother and I are committing to spend our lives doing our small part to help solve these challenges．” The couple 7. (donate) nearly all of their Facebook stock to the cause．“We will give 99% of our Facebook shares － currently about $45 billion － to advance this 8. (value) mission,” he wrote．“We know this is a small contribution compared 9. all the resources and talents already working on these issues．But we want to do 10. we can, working along with many others．

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科目：高中英語 來源：2017屆廣西桂林市高三11月考英語試卷（解析版） 題型：書面表達(dá)

假如你是李華,你的美國網(wǎng)友Jack想?yún)⒓右粰n娛樂節(jié)目中國新歌聲（Sing！China），請(qǐng)你根據(jù)所給要點(diǎn)提示給他寫一封回信,告知相關(guān)事宜。

要點(diǎn)提示：

1. 簡(jiǎn)單介紹中國新歌聲：普通人展示才藝的舞臺(tái)，深受觀眾喜愛；吸引了世界各地的歌唱愛好者。

2. 參賽選手展示才藝：演唱、創(chuàng)作歌曲等；

3. 報(bào)名：網(wǎng)上提前報(bào)名；

4. 建議：學(xué)一些簡(jiǎn)單的漢語。

注意：1.字?jǐn)?shù)100字左右； 2.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫; 3.書寫整潔。

參考詞匯：參賽選手 participant

Dear Jack,

Yours,

Li Hua

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科目：高中英語 來源：2017屆黑龍江哈爾濱三中高三上期中考英語卷（解析版） 題型：書面表達(dá)

假如你是學(xué)生會(huì)主席李華，你打算邀請(qǐng)外教Mr. Smith到你們學(xué)校作一個(gè)健康知識(shí)講座，請(qǐng)你給他寫封邀請(qǐng)信。要點(diǎn)如下：

1. 學(xué)生面臨的健康問題（睡眠不足、飲食習(xí)慣不健康、過度節(jié)食）；

2. 講座的具體內(nèi)容；

3. 講座的地點(diǎn)；

4. 講座的時(shí)間安排：下周二下午3:00-4:00。

注意：1. 詞數(shù)100左右；

2. 可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；

3. 開頭和結(jié)尾已寫好，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。

Dear Mr. Smith,

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

Sincerely yours,

Li Hua

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科目：高中英語 來源：2017屆江西師范大學(xué)附中高三上期中考試英語卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解

How can we reduce the risk?

There are four general approaches to dealing with volcanic dangers. We can try to keep the danger from occurring - often an impossible task. We can try to change its path or reduce its impact on existing development. We can take steps to protect future development. We can also do our best to have disaster response plans in place before they are needed.

Removing the Threat

Clearly, there is no way to stop an eruption. We can, however, attempt to reduce the eruption’s effects by strengthening structures, for example, building protective works such as walls to make lava(熔巖) flow away from developed areas. Such efforts can be and have been successful, but are of limited use in a large-scale eruption.

Planning for the Future

Protecting future development from volcanic dangers is a simple task. Before building houses, we should judge the risk. If the risk seems too great, a safer location should be found. This type of planning is very effective, but all too often, people are drawn to the lush(蔥郁的)，rolling land of a quiet volcano.

Disaster Preparedness

When a volcano comes to life, a few weeks may not be enough time to avoid a tragedy. Planning is the key to saving lives. Well before the warning signs occur, people must be educated about volcanic dangers. Escape plans must be in place. Communication between scientists, officials, the media, and the general public should be practiced. Emergency measures must be thought out and agreed upon.

If you doubt the importance of these efforts, take another look at past volcanic tragedies, such as the eruption of Nevado del Ruiz. Communication failures left the town of Armero unprepared for escape. When a deadly mudflow came down the slope(斜坡), 21,000 people--90 percent of the town’s people--died.

1.The passage is intended for ________.

A. the general public B. architects

C. adventurers D. geographers

2.When building houses, people tend to ________.

A. judge volcanic dangers carefully

B. take volcanic dangers seriously

C. live near a quiet volcano

D. find a safer place far away from a volcano

3.The writer mentioned Nevado del Ruiz to prove ________.

A. The failure to keep volcanic dangers from happening

B. The importance of preparing for a volcanic eruption

C. The bravery of the people in Armero Town

D. The uncertainty of volcano’s damage

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科目：高中英語 來源：2017屆遼寧師范大學(xué)附中高三上期中考試英語卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解

We live in a culture that sends out very mixed messages about mistakes: We're told we learn by making them, but we work hard to avoid them. So the result is that most of us know that we are going to make mistakes, but deep down, we feel we shouldn't.

Experiments with schoolchildren who did well on a given test show that those who were praised for being smart and then offered a more challenging or less challenging task afterward usually chose the easier one. On the other hand, children praised for trying hard— rather than being smart—far more often selected the more difficult task.

If we try hard to avoid mistakes, we aren't open to getting the information we need in order to do better. In a writing study, experiments showed that those who are so scared to make mistakes perform worse in writing tasks than those who aren't as worried about being perfect. They fear receiving any kind of negative feedback, so they don't learn where they went wrong and how to get better.

We don't just learn more when we're open to mistakes, we learn deeper. Research tells us that if we're only concerned about getting the right answer, we don't always learn the underlying concepts that help us truly understand whatever we're trying to figure out. Mistakes need to be seen not as a failure to learn, but as a guide to what still needs to be learned. As Thomas Edison said, “I am not discouraged, because every abandoned wrong attempt is another step forward."

Furthermore, we often make mistakes because we try new things—we wander away from accepted paths. Teflon, penicillin—these are examples of great discoveries made by mistake. Take a page from Albert Einstein, who said, "Anyone who has never made a mistake has never tried anything new. "

1. What will happen to students praised for being smart in face of choosing tasks compared to students praised for working hard?

A. He will ask his teachers for advice.

B. He will hide his mistakes from his teachers.

C. He will work harder to avoid mistakes.

D. He will choose a less challenging task.

2.Which of the following statements is NOT acceptable according to the passage?

A. The more mistakes we make, the more we learn.

B. Mistakes can be used as a positive factor for success.

C. Being open to mistakes help you understand the truth.

D. A step forward may come from mistakes you've made.

3. What does the last paragraph want to tell us?

A. One must follow a correct path to avoid mistakes.

B. To become an Einstein, you should make mistakes.

C. Making mistakes is not a disadvantage in a way.

D. You can't make mistakes unless you try new things.

4. What's the main idea of the passage?

A. We can never avoid making mistakes when we work.

B. Success can't be achieved without making mistakes.

C. Try every means to avoid mistakes in our daily life.

D. Mistakes should be treated with a correct attitude.

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科目：高中英語 來源：2017屆湖南婁底雙峰一中等五校高三上期中聯(lián)考英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解

When you are little, the whole world feels like a big playground．I was living in Conyers, Georgia the summer it all happened．I was a second grader, but my best friend Stephanie was only in the first grade．Both of our parents were at work and most of the time they let us go our own way．

It was a hot afternoon and we decided to have an adventure in Stephanie’s basement．As I opened the basement door, before us lay the biggest room, full of amazing things like guns, dolls, and old clothes．I ran downstairs, and spotted a red steel can．It was paint．I looked beyond it and there lay even more paint in bright colors like purple, orange, blue and green．

“Stephanie, I just found us a project for the day. Get some paintbrushes．We are fixing to paint．” She screamed with excitement as I told her of my secret plans and immediately we got to work．We gathered all the brushes we could find and moved all of our materials to my yard．There on the road in front of my house, we painted bit stripes (條紋) of colors across the pavement．Stripe by stripe, our colors turned into a beautiful rainbow．It was fantastic!

The sun was starting to sink．I saw a car in the distance and jumped up as I recognized the car．It was my mother．I couldn’t wait to show her my masterpiece．The car pulled slowly into the driveway and from the look on my mother’s face, I could tell that I was in deep trouble．

My mother shut the car door and walked towards me．Her eyes glaring, she shouted, “What in the world were you thinking? I understood when you made castles out of leaves, and climbed the neighbors’ trees, but this! Come inside right now!” I stood there glaring back at her for a minute, angry because she had insulted (侮辱) my art．

“Now go clean it up!” Mother and I began cleaning the road．Tears ran down my checks as I saw my beautiful rainbow turn into black cement (水泥)．

Though years have now passed, I still wonder where my rainbow has gone．I wonder if, maybe when I get older, I can find my rainbow and never have to brush it away．I guess we all need sort of rainbow to brighten our lives from time to time and to keep our hopes and dreams colorful．

1.What did the writer want to do when his mother came home?

A．To introduce Stephanie to her．

B．To prevent her from seeing his painting．

C．To put the material back in the yard．

D．To show his artwork to her．

2.In his mother’s eyes, the writer_______．

A．was a born artist

B．a(chǎn)lways caused trouble

C．was a problem solver

D．worked very hard

3.The underlined word “rainbow” in the last paragraph refers to ______．

A．the rainbow in the sky

B．the stripes on the pavement

C．something imaginative and fun

D．important lessons learned in childhood

4.It can be learned from the passage that parents should ________．

A．encourage children to paint

B．value friendship among children

C．discover the hidden talent in children

D．protect rather than destroy children’s dreams

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科目：高中英語 來源：2016-2017學(xué)年河北廊坊一中高一上第一次月考英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解

A middle-aged man with a long beard was caught by the police for bad behavior and property damage. The man, Bill Wild, checked into a hotel last night, telling the clerk he would pay cash in advance and would be staying for four nights. He then asked her where the nearest store was and she told him it was John-Johns.

Wild went to the store and bought three gallons of honey and four gallons of chocolate syrup (糖漿). The cashier asked him why he wanted these things and he replied, "I’m trying to become a sweeter person." The cashier smiled at the joke. Wild drove back to the hotel. He opened all bottles and poured them into the bathtub (浴缸). He added warm water to the mix. He tuned the radio to an opera music station, took off his clothes, jumped into the tub, and started singing loudly with the music.

Fifteen minutes later, the neighbor phoned the clerk complaining about the noise. The clerk knocked on Wild’s door, but he just kept singing. She phoned his room, but he didn’t answer. Then she called the police, who arrived quickly. They broke into the room. The floor was covered in water and the bathtub was full of chocolate and honey. "He seemed so nice and friendly. Who’d have thought he was a bathtub-singing nut?" said the clerk. The police said this was the third time that Wild had been arrested for this kind of behavior.

1.The man bought lots of honey and chocolate syrup to _______.

A. have a bath to make himself sweet

B. do some interesting tests

C. give people a surprise

D. make a sweet cake

2.What caused the clerk to call the police?

A. Wild bought honey and chocolate syrup.

B. Wild mixed the water with the things he bought.

C. Wild made too much noise and disturbed his neighbor.

D. Wild didn’t pay for the check.

3.We know from the passage that _________.

A. Wild didn’t pay for the honey and the chocolate syrup

B. the clerk didn’t know Wild had behaved like this before

C. Wild had been caught at least four times before

D. Wild walked to John-Johns to buy the honey

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科目：高中英語 來源：2016-2017學(xué)年河南頂級(jí)名校高三10月第一次月考英語卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解

The relationship between exercise and cancer has long both intrigued and puzzled oncologists and exercise physiologists.

Exercise is strongly associated with lowered risks for many types of cancer. At the same time, exercise involves biological stress, which typically leads to a short-term increase in inflammation(發(fā)炎) which can contribute to higher risks for many cancers.

Now, a new study in mice may offer some clues into the exercise-cancer paradox. It suggests that exercise may change how the immune system deals with cancer by boosting adrenaline（腎上腺素）, certain immune cells and other chemicals that, together, can reduce the severity of cancer or fight it off altogether.

To try to better understand how exercise can both elevate inflammation and simultaneously protect the body against cancer, scientists at the University of Copenhagen in Denmark and other institutions decided to closely examine what happens inside mice at high risk for the disease.

So, for the new study, they began by gathering a group of adult lab mice. These animals generally like to run.

The scientists then implanted melanoma (黑素瘤) skin cancer cells into the mice before providing half of them with running wheels in their cages while the other animals remained sedentary. After four weeks, far fewer of the runners had developed full-blown melanoma than the sedentary mice and those that had been diagnosed with the disease showed fewer and smaller lesions.

They drew blood from both the exercising and sedentary animals and cells from any tumors in both groups. As expected, they found much higher levels of the hormone adrenaline in the blood of the exercising animals, especially right after they had been working out on the wheels but also at other times of the day. The body releases adrenaline in response to almost any type of stressful experience, including exercise.

They also found higher levels of interleukin-6 in the blood of the runners. This is a substance that is released by working muscles and is believed to both increase and decrease inflammation in the body, depending on where and how it goes to work.

Perhaps most important, they found much higher numbers in the bloodstreams of runners than in the sedentary mice of a type of immune cell named natural killer cells that are known to be strong cancer fighters.

So the scientists repeated their original experiment multiple times, inducing cancer while allowing some mice to run and others to sit. In some of these follow-up experiments, the scientists injected the runners with a substance that blocked the production of adrenaline and gave sedentary animals large doses of added adrenaline.

What they now found was that when running mice could not produce adrenaline, they developed cancer at the same rate as the sedentary animals, while the sedentary animals that had been injected with extra adrenaline fought off their tumors better than other sitting mice.

More remarkably, the scientists determined that adrenaline seemed to be sending biochemical signals to some of the animals’ IL-6 cells, making them physiologically more alert, so that when a tumor began to develop in the affected animal, those IL-6 cells in turn activated the natural killer cells in the bloodstream and actually directed them to the tumors, like minute guide fish.

With these results, “we show that voluntary wheel running in mice can reduce the growth of tumors, and we have identified an exercise-dependent mobilization of natural killer cells as the underlying cause of this protection,” said Pernille Hojman, a researcher at the University of Copenhagen who oversaw the new study. It perhaps provides one more incentive for us to get up and move.

1.In the first experiment, which one is the most important result the scientists found?

A. Natural killer cells are much more in the bloodstreams of runners than in the sedentary mice.

B. Levels of interleukin-6 are higher in the blood of the runners than in the sedentary mice.

C. Exercise such as running seemed to help the mice fight against the cancer.

D. Adrenaline can reduce the severity of cancer or fight it off.

2.In the follow-up experiments, the scientists found ________.

A. the hormone adrenaline has much higher levels in the blood of the exercising animals

B. how these elements in the runners — their increased adrenaline, IL-6, and natural killer immune cells fight against tumor

C. interleukin-6 can both increase and decrease inflammation in the body, depending on where and how it goes to work

D. what happens inside mice at high risk for the disease

3.According to the study, we can infer the fundamental substance to fight the cancer off is ________.

A. adrenalineB. interleukin-6

C. natural killer cellsD. genes

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科目：高中英語 來源：2016-2017學(xué)年黑龍江哈爾濱六中高二上期中英語卷（解析版） 題型：語法填空

閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

Maybe you never opened that account (賬戶)．But someone else 1._______—someone who used your name，your credit card number or your 2._______(person) information to commit fraud (造假) without letting you know, 3.________is actually a crime，pure and simple.

The biggest problem is 4._______(probable) that you may not know that someone has taken away your identity5._______you notice that something is wrong：you may get bills for 6.________credit card account you never opened，your credit report may include debts you never knew you had, 7.________you may see charges on your bills that you didn’t sign for，and even don’t know anything about.

If your identity 8.____(steal) like that，the Federal Trade Commission(FTC) suggests that you 9.________(take) at least two actions immediately.

First，contact the fraud departments of the major credit offices and ask them 10.________copies of your credit reports.

Then，review your reports carefully to check your corrections and changes.

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