The color red often means danger --- and by paying attention, accidents can be prevented. At railroad crossings, flashing red fights warn cars to stay back. A red light at a traffic crossing tells cars to stop, so they don't run into other cars.
In the future, the color red also may help prevent danger at construction sites. Thanks to new work by engineers, bridge supports --- or other kinds of materials --- could one day contain a color-changing material. It will turn red before a structure collapses(倒塌) or falls apart.
The secret behind the color-changing material is a particular type of molecule(分子). Molecules come in all shapes and sizes, and make up everything you can see, touch or feel. How a molecule behaves depends on what kinds of atoms(原子) it contains, and how they're held together.
To get a rough picture of one way atoms are held together in a molecule, imagine you and your friends standing in a large circle, holding hands. Each person represents one atom, your clasped hands represent the bond, and the entire circle represents a molecule.
The molecule being used to turn the material red is called mechanophore(機械響應性聚合物). When one chemical bond in the mechanophore molecule breaks, the rest of the molecule turns red.
There is a way to get rid of~ the red color: light. When a bright light is shone on the mechanophore, the broken bond is fixed and the red color disappears. This "self-healing" may be a problem for engineers who want to use the color-changer in big construction projects that will be outside, in the sunlight. And if bright light keeps the red color from appearing, then the mechanophore's warning system will be useless.
Scientists still have a lot of work to do before the color-changing molecules can be used outside the lab. If mechanophore can be used in the real world, they are suggested to be employed in a new kind of paint.
小題1:The first paragraph mainly tells us __________.
A．the color red is widely used in our life
B．how to prevent car accidents
C．the color is an important signal of warning
D．how to use color red
小題2:The color red will be used at construction sites to _________.
A．tell different materials used in the building
B．warn people that the building is dangerous
C．make the building more beautiful
D．tell people the building is under construction
小題3:The example given in the fourth paragraph is to show _________.
A．the way atoms are held together in a molecule
B．how a molecule behaves in an object
C．how to play an old game
D．how people get along with each other
小題4:What can make the mechanophore’s warning system ineffective?
A．PaintsB．WaterC．Poor building materialsD．The bright light

小題1:C
小題2:B
小題3:A
小題4:D

試題分析：文章介紹了一種新型的建筑材料，可以在大樓危險的時候，變化成紅色，從而警告人們當心，但是這種材料也有缺點，研究人員還要做大量的研究工作。
小題1:段落大意題：從第一段的句子：The color red often means danger可知這段講的是顏色是一個很重要的警告信號，選C
小題2:細節(jié)題：從文章第二段的句子：In the future, the color red also may help prevent danger at construction sites.可知建筑工地的紅色警告人們這個建筑是危險的，選B
小題3:細節(jié)題：從第四段的句子；To get a rough picture of one way atoms are held together in a molecule, 可知這個例子是為了表明在分子里面原子是怎么組合的，選A
小題4:細節(jié)題：從第六段的句子：When a bright light is shone on the mechanophore, the broken bond is fixed and the red color disappears.可知使機械響應性聚合物失效的是明亮的顏色，選D
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

LONDON—Here’s a new warning from health experts：Sitting is deadly.
Scientists are increasingly warning that sitting for long periods—even if you also exercise regularly—could be bad for your health.And it doesn’t matter where the sitting takes place—at the office，at school，in the car or before a computer or TV—just the overall number of hours it occurs.Several studies suggest people who spend most of their days sitting are more likely to be fat，have a heart attack or even die.
In an editorial published this week in the British Journal of Sports Medicine，Elin Ekblom­Bak of the Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences suggested that authorities rethink how they define physical activity to highlight the dangers of sitting.
While health officials have issued guidelines recommending minimum amounts of physical activity，they haven’t suggested people try to limit how much time they spend in a seated position.
“After four hours of sitting，the body starts to send harmful signals，”said Ekblom­Bak.She explained that genes regulating(調節(jié)) the amount of glucose(葡萄糖) and fat in the body start to shut down.
Even for people who exercise，spending long periods of time sitting at a desk is still harmful.Tim Armstrong，a physical activity expert at the World Health Organization，said people who exercise every day—but still spend a lot of time sitting—might get more benefit if that exercise was spread across the day，rather than in a single bout(一回)．
Still，in a study published in 2009 that tracked more than 17,000 Canadians for about a dozen years，researchers found people who sat more had a higher death risk，whether or not they exercised.
“We don’t have enough evidence yet to say how much sitting is bad，” said Peter Katzmarzyk of the Pennington Biomedical Research Center in Baton Rouge，who led the Canadian study.“But it seems the more you can get up and interrupt this sedentary behavior，the better.”
Figures from a U．S. survey in 2003­2004 found Americans spend more than half their time sitting，from working at their desks to sitting in cars.
Experts said more research is needed to figure out just how much sitting is dangerous，and what might be possible to offset those effects.
“People should keep exercising because that has a lot of benefits，” Ekblom­Bak said.“But when they’re in the office，they should try to interrupt sitting as often as possible，” she said.
小題1:What is the best title for the text?
A．Not Sitting Too Much While Working
B．How to Avoid Sitting Too Much
C．Sitting Too Much Could Be Deadly
D．More and More People Sit Too Much
小題2:According to the research，________.
A．the more time you spend in exercising in a single bout(一回)，the healthier you will be
B．those who often sit too much are sure to grow fat or suffer from a heart attack
C．regular exercise is effective to get rid of the side effects of sitting too much
D．you had better not sit for more than four hours in a single bout
小題3:How does the danger of sitting too much affect the human body?
A．It results in a higher death risk.
B．It increases glucose and fat in the body.
C．It makes a person unable to exercise long enough in a day.
D．It causes the gene to fail to balance the glucose and fat in the body.
小題4:The underlined word “offset” in Paragraph 10 most probably means “________”．
A．improveB．avoid
C．ignoreD．achieve

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The increase in tuition fees(學費) has led to a “clear drop” in the number of English students applying for university places this autumn. There are 15,000 “missing” applicants this academic year, according to the Independent Commission on Fees. Chairman Will Hutton said: “We’re asking our young men and women to have more debt than any other country in the world — it’s higher than the average debt in the US. It’s not clear whether those lost students this year will return next year, or if it’s a storm warming of a worrying trend.”
But the commission’s report says there does not seem to be an impact on poorer communities. The commission found there was no significant change in the application rate to the key universities, such as Oxford or Cambridge. The decline （下降）in England has not been mirrored in other parts of the UK where fees have not been raised, and the drop can only partly be explained by falling numbers of young people in the population. Students from Scotland attending Scottish universities do not pay fees, while the Welsh Assembly says it will pay fees above ￡3,465 for Welsh students attending UK institutions.
The average tuition fee at English universities this year is ￡ 8,385, rising to ￡ 8,507 next year. UK and EU students have access to govemment-backed loans to pay the fees. And the survey of 1,000 pupils aged 15-18, carried out this April, found that the majority expected to go on to higher education as people continue to understand that university remains a good long term investment in their future.
A spokeswoman at the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills which is responsible for universities, said:“Students shouldn’t be forced to put off going to university for financial reasons. Most students will not have to pay in advance, and no one will have to start paying back their student loan until they start to earn at least ￡ 2l,000 per year.”
小題1:From the first paragraph, we know that __________________       .
A．it’s a trend that English students are dropping out of school
B．the rising tuition fees have a great effect on English students
C．the lost English students will find their way back
D．many English students are missing the final examinations
小題2:Why is there still a drop of applicants though fees have not been raised?
A．Because the students live in poor communities.
B．Because Welsh students will pay fees above￡3,465.
C．Because education is free for Scottish students.
D．Because there are less young students in the area.
小題3:What’s the students’ attitude to universities in the survey?
A．Most of them are willing to go to university.
B．They feel universities takes up too much time.
C．They will stop applying for university places this autumn.
D．They are anxious to go to a key university.
小題4:The spokeswoman in the last paragraph advises students to ______________
A．put off going to university
B．reduce the anxiety about the rising fees
C．pay for the fees in advance
D．pay back their loan soon after graduation

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Human beings have a natural desire to explore the unknown. People with a strong interest in space like to say it is the last place left to explore. But scientists are warning that space exploration for long periods is not going to be easy. They say the human body is not designed to stay in space over an extended period.
The New York Times recently published a report about scientists who are preparing astronauts for a trip to the Moon. The newspaper said the scientists want to make sure that their crews return home in good health. But there are many problems to be solved before people are ready for long trips to the Moon, an asteroid or even the planet Mars.
Humans developed on a planet with a surface that is more than 70 percent water. Our bodies are also about 70 percent water. When there is no gravity that water moves up toward the head, raising pressure in the skull. Arms and legs grow weaker at what is called zero gravity because they no longer need to push against the force of gravity.
Five years ago, astronauts who spent weeks in space reported a change in their eyesight. These astronauts were members of the crew on the International Space Station. Research showed a change in the shape of their eyes. Normally-round eyeballs had become flat during time in space. The research also showed that the right eye was affected more than the left, and that men were more affected than women. Scientists could not find an explanation for the differences.
Bone loss was one of the problems first reported by astronauts returning to Earth after longer stays in space. So scientists designed exercise machines to use on the space station. Tests showed that the exercise equipment helped space travelers keep their bones almost as strong as when they left Earth.
There are other health issues for astronauts who spend a long time in space. They may have problems eating and sleeping. But the biggest health issue is exposure to radiation. On Earth, human beings are protected by the atmosphere and the planet's magnetic field. In outer space, there is no such protection.
小題1:What is the main idea of the passage？
A．Long periods in space will affect the health of astronauts.
B．Scientists are trying to find out how to protect astronauts.
C．Space is dangerous to human beings.
D．People shouldn’t explore space.
小題2:What will happen to human bodies in space？
A．Arms and legs grow stronger at what is called zero gravity
B．Blood moves up toward the head.
C．Pressure in the skull will be raised.
D．All of the above.
小題3:The following are problems mentioned in the passage Except________.
A．bone lossB．loss of waterC．eyesightD．exposure to radiation
小題4:Why did scientists design exercise machines to use on the space station?
A．To make sure that their crews return home in good health.
B．To help astronauts keep their bones almost as strong as when they left Earth.
C．To help astronauts get ready for long trips to the Moon, an asteroid or even the planet Mars.
D．To let astronauts adapt to the environment of space.
小題5:What is true according to the passage?
A．The biggest health issue is exposure to Sunshine.
B．Research showed a change in the size of their eyes.
C．The right eye was affected less than the left.
D．Men were more affected than women.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Taking a picture of your tongue with a mobile phone could soon instantly tell you how healthy you are. Researchers believe the images can reveal important information about a patient’s health and even give them early warning of serious illness.
A team at the University of Missouri is developing a system that can analyze pictures using a 5,000-year-old Chinese principle, which is based on the flow and balance of positive and negative energies in the body, and uses the tongue as a key to learning about a person’s physical health, or “zheng” according to Chinese medicine.
“Within a year, our goal is to create an application for smart phones that will allow anyone to take a photo of their tongue and learn the status of their zheng,” said Dong Xu, chair of MU’s Computer Science Department in the College of Engineering and the co-author of the latest study.
The software analyzes images based on the tongue’s color and coating to distinguish between tongues showing signs of “hot” or “cold” zheng. Shades of red and yellow are associated with hot zheng, whereas a white coating on the tongue is a sign of cold zheng.
“Hot and cold zheng doesn’t refer directly to body temperature,” said Xu, “Rather, it refers to a series of symptoms associated with the state of the body as a whole.”
For the study, 263 gastritis(胃炎) patients and 48 healthy volunteers had their tongues analyzed. The gastritis patients were classified by whether they showed infection by a certain bacteria as well as the intensity of their gastritis symptoms. In addition, most of the gastritis patients had been previously classified with either hot or cold zheng. This allowed the researchers to test the accuracy of the software’s analysis.
“Our software is able to classify people based on their zheng status. And as we continue to work on the software we hope to improve its ability,” said another co-author Ye Duan, “Eventually everyone will be able to use this tool at home using webcams or smart phone applications, which will allow them to monitor their zheng and get an early warning about possible ailments.”
小題1: The software mentioned in the passage is based on ________.
A．the latest development of smart phones
B．a traditional Chinese medical principle
C．the changes in one’s flow and energy
D．symptoms related with the state of the body
小題2:According to Chinese medicine, zheng refers to ________.
A．one’s body temperatureB．the physical health of a person
C．the possible disease of a personD．the color and coating of one’s tongue
小題3:The study led by Dong Xu proves _________.
A．the effect of the software
B．the software’s great prospect
C．the advancement of smart phones
D．the greatness of Chinese medicine
小題4:The underlined word “ailments” can be replaced by _________.
A．analysisB．effectsC．illnessesD．applications
小題5:It can be inferred from the passage that _________.
A．the software still needs improvement
B．the subjects in the study are all gastritis
C．the software has been in market for a year
D．the subjects in the study are classified by age

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Will online courses transform world of education?
Some may wonder what it feels like to attend a class at Stanford University. The recently popular MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses) can satisfy this desire. But they are also most likely to change the situation of higher education. Only last month，both Peking University and Tsinghua University announced plans to start open online course on the edX platform，one of the world’s major providers of MOOCs，to explore this new form of online education.
Gaining momentum(勢頭)
“It’s not only a change of platforms from offline to online. It’s more about a reform of
teaching methods，even the whole education system，”said Chen Jining，president of Tsinghua University.
The potential of MOOCs to reform education has been obvious in the US ever since the immediate popularity of the course Artificial Intelligence，taught by Stanford University professor Sebastian Thrun, who later co-founded Udacity, a platform with 1.6 million enrolled(注冊) students in 200 countries. According to Nature magazine，by June 2013，74 percent of universities in the US offered some type of online course. Lu Fang, vice-president of Fudan University，explains the appeal of MOOCs as a simple case of supply and demand：“The demand for high quality educational resources from both enrolled students and professionals is feeding the rise of MOOCs，in which classes usually taught by top teachers are available to everyone，”said Lu.
Too early to replace
With easy access and free of charge, MOOCs are said to have the potential to change the present education system. But there are barriers，because hardly any universities offer degree certificates, as college administrators point out, it’s difficult to confirm if students are foaming anything in MOOCs，reposed USA Today．
The Wall Street Journal also reposed that，presently，a typical MOOC student is likely to have
already graduated from college and is using the course to explore an interest or acquire professional
skills. Even so, an increasing number of undergraduates are signing up.
“What we are really establishing(創(chuàng)建)are educational pathways for people who want skills that are related to contemporary jobs，”Thrun told The Wall Street Journal．
小題1:MOOCs have been considered likely to reform education since___________．
A．the founding of Udacity
B．the wide application of online education
C．the popularity of the course Artificial Intelligence
D．the opening of MOOCs on the edX platform in China
小題2:According to Lu Fang, MOOCs have become popular because___________．
A．high quality educational resources are in demand
B．students can attend courses in famous universities
C．college students have access to famous teachers
D．MOOCs have brought about revolution in education
小題3:What can we learn from the passage?
A．Most of the MOOCs focus on professional training for college graduates．
B．There are barriers for MOOCs to replace the present education system．
C．International companies prefer applicants who graduate from MOOCs．
D．More and more undergraduates have realized the limits of MOOCs．
小題4:The author’s attitude towards MOOCs is___________．
A．doubtfulB．negativeC．criticalD．optimistic

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

When 18th-century scientists first came across Australia’s platypus(鴨嘴獸), they thought it was a trick. It is not surprising that the platypus made people confused. This funny-looking animal has feet and is a kind of warm-blooded mammal.
While other mammals usually keep their blood at around 37 degrees, the platypus has a lower body temperature of 32 degrees. As to its appearance, the platypus’mouth is not really like ducks’at all; its mouth actually looks a bit soft. The platypus closes its eyes when swimming. It uses its mouth to pick up outside information made by the creatures underwater.
Strangest of all, the platypus is a mammal that can lay eggs. And there is only one other kind of mammal that can lay eggs, the echidna (針鼴鼠) of Australia. Both the platy-pus and the echidna lay soft-shelled eggs, and both feed their young with their own milk that comes out of their skin. These animals also walk in a way that is similar to crocodiles(鱷魚), with legs on the sides of their bodies rather than under them.
Though pretty, in a special way, the platypus is actually one of the few mammals that are poisonous. A male platypus has knife-like bones on its back legs which have enough poison to kill a dog.
The platypus has the honor of being one of the oldest mammals in the world. Until the early 20th century, it was hunted for its fur, but the situation has changed. Although the platypus is easily affected by pollution, it is not under any immediate threat.
小題1: What can we learn about the platypus according to the text?
A．It has a lower body temperature than other mammals.
B．It only closes its eyes when underwater.
C．It’s the only poisonous mammal in the world.
D．It feeds its young on wild animal meat.
小題2:Which of the following is NOT used as a comparison with the platypus in the text?
A．The crocodile.B．The echidna.C．The duck.D．The dog.
小題3:The following characteristics of the platypus have been described in the text EXCEPT ________.
A．its natural enemyB．its appearance
C．its walking poseD．its daily diet
小題4:We can infer from the last paragraph that the platypus _______.
A．is hunted for its meatB．is in danger of extinction
C．is endangered by air pollutionD．is well-protected now
小題5:Which of the following would be the best title for this text?
A．Platypus, a Trick?
B．Platypus, the Only Warm-Blooded Mammal
C．The Characteristics of Platypus
D．The Strange Mammal —Platypus。

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

EDGEWOOD—Every morning at Dixie Heights High school, customers pour into a special experiment :the district’s first coffee shop run mostly by students with special learning needs.
Well before classes start, students and teachers order Lattes, Cappuccinos and Hot Chocolates. Then, during the first period, teachers call in orders on their room phones, and students make deliveries.
By closing time at 9.20 a.m. , the shop usually sells 90drinks.
“whoever made the chi tea, Ms. Schwartzman says it was good, ”Christy McKinley , a second year student , announced recently, after hanging up with the teacher.
The shop is called the Dixie PIT, which stands for Power in Transition. Although some of the students are not disabled, many are, and the PIT helps them prepare for life after high school.
They learn not only how to run a coffee shop but also how to deal with their affairs. They keep a timecard and receive paychecks, which they keep in check registers.
Special-education teachers Kim Chevalier and Sue Casey introduced the Dixie PIT from a similar program at Kennesaw Mountain High School in Georgia.
Not that it was easy. Chevalier’s first problem to overcome was product-related. Should schools be selling coffee? What about sugar content?
Kenton County Food Service Director Ginger Gray helped. She made sure all the drinks, which use non-fat milk, fell within nutrition（營養(yǎng)）guidelines.
The whole school has joined in to help.
Teachers agreed to give up their lounge(休息室)in the morning. Art students painted the name of the shop on the wall. Business students designed the paychecks. The basketball team helped pay for cups.
小題1:.What is the text mainly about？
A．A best-selling coffee.
B．A special educational program.
C．Government support for schools.
D．A new type of teacher-student relationship.
小題2:The Dixie PIT program was introduced in order to    .
A．raise money for school affairs
B．do some research on nutrition
C．develop students’ practical skills
D．supply teachers with drinks
小題3:How did Christy McKinley know Ms. Schwartzman’s opinion of the chi tea？
A．She met her in the shop.
B．She heard her telling others.
C．She talked to her on the phone.
D．She went to her office to deliver the tea.
小題4:We know from the text that Ginger Gray       .
A．manages the Dixie PIT program in Kenton County
B．sees that the drinks meet health standards
C．teaches at Dixie Heights High School
D．owns the school’s coffee shop

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Teachers say the digital age has had a good influence - and a not-so-good influence - on this generation of American teenagers．More than 2,000 teachers took an online survey．Three-quarters of the teachers said the Internet and digital search tools have had a "mostly positive" effect on their students' research habits and skills．But 64 percent said the technologies "do more to distract（使 - - - ---分心） students than to help them academically．" And 87 percent agreed that these technologies are creating an "easily distracted generation with short attention spans．"
The Pew Internet Project did the survey with the National Writing Project．Judy Buchanan is the vice director of the National Writing Project and a co-author of the report．Ms．Buchanan says digital research tools are helping students learn more and faster．"Teachers really favor these tools because they are ways to make some of the learning exciting and engaging．Young people favor these tools．The goal is to really help them become creators of meaningful content, and not just sort of consumers．"
But one problem the survey found is that many students lack digital literacy．They trust too muck of the information they find on the Internet．Judy says these students haven't developed the skills to determine the quality of online information．"It's something that really has to be taught and paid attention to．Because in a world in which things happen quickly, you do need to step back, reflect and analyze the information you have．"
Another problem is blamed on something that might not seem like a problem at all: being able to quickly find information online．Teachers say the result is a reduction in the desire and ability of their students to work hard to find answers．They say students are overly dependent on search engines and do not make enough use of printed books or research libraries．
Many teachers are also concerned that the Internet makes it easy for students to copy work done by others instead of using their own abilities．
小題1:The text mainly tells us____．
A．all the students use digital tools
B．the Internet is playing a key role
C．teachers encourage using digital tools
D．digital tools bring about benefits and problems
小題2:Which of the following best shows the structure of the text?

小題3:The underlined sentence in the third paragraph probably means
A．students do not have the right digital tools
B．students do not always have access to the Internet
C．students haven't the ability to adjust themselves
D．students can't judge online information properly
小題4:Some students don't tend to work hard because
A．they can get answers on the Internet quickly
B．printed books and libraries around aren't enough
C．the Internet can't make students concentrate
D．they can copy each others' work without being punished

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