4.Long after the 1998World Cup was won,disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing(裁判)decisions that denied victory to their team.A researcher was appointed to study the performance of some top referees.
The researcher organized an experimental tournament(錦標(biāo)賽)involving four youth teams.Each match lasted an hour,divided into three periods of 20minutes during which different referees were in charge.
Observers noted down the referees'errors,of which there were 61over the tournament.Converted to a standard match of 90minutes,each referee made almost 23mistakes,a remarkably high number.
The researcher then studied the videotapes to analyze the matches in detail.Surprisingly,he found that errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident.When the officials got it right,they were,on average,17meters away from the action.The average distance in the case of errors was 12meters.The research shows the optimum(最佳的)distance is about 20meters.
There also seemed to be an optimum speed.Correct decisions came when the referees were moving at a speed of about 2meters per second.The average speed for errors was 4meters per second.
If FIFA,football's international ruling body,wants to improve the standard of refereeing at the next World Cup,it should encourage referees to keep their eyes on the action from a distance,rather than rushing to keep up with the ball,the researcher argues.
He also says that FIFA's insistence that referees should retire at age 45may be misguided.If keeping up with the action is not so important,their physical condition is less critical.

51.The experiment conducted by the researcher was meant toB.
A.review the decisions of referees at the 1998World Cup
B.a(chǎn)nalyze the causes of errors made by football referees
C.set a standard for football refereeing
D.reexamine the rules for football refereeing
52.The number of refereeing errors in the experimental matches wasC.
A.slightly above average
B.higher than in the 1998World Cup
C.quite unexpected
D.a(chǎn)s high as in a standard match
53.The findings of the experiment show thatA.
A.errors are more likely when a referee keeps close to the ball
B.the farther the referee is from the incident,the fewer the errors
C.the more slowly the referee runs,the more likely will errors occur
D.errors are less likely when a referee stays in one spot
54.The word"officials"(Line 3,Para.4)most probably refers toC.
A.the researchers involved in the experiment
B.the inspectors of the football tournament
C.the referees of the football tournament
D.the observers at the site of the experiment
55.What is one of the possible conclusions of the experiment?B
A.The ideal retirement age for an experienced football referee is 45.
B.Age should not be the chief consideration in choosing a football referee.
C.A football referee should be as young and energetic as possible.
D.An experienced football referee can do well even when in poor physical condition.

分析 本文介紹了一項(xiàng)針對(duì)世界杯中裁判的表現(xiàn)的具體研究,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)裁判越靠近事發(fā)地點(diǎn)越容易犯錯(cuò),并介紹了一些其他的研究結(jié)果.

解答 51-55  BCACB
51.答案B.細(xì)節(jié)題.根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句A researcher was appointed to study the performance of some top referees.可知這項(xiàng)研究主要是為了分析裁判犯錯(cuò)的原因和裁判的表現(xiàn).故B正確.
52.答案C.細(xì)節(jié)題.根據(jù)文章第二段3,4行Converted to a standard match of 90 minutes,each referee made almost 23 mistakes,a remarkably high number.可知裁判所犯的錯(cuò)誤的數(shù)量大大超過(guò)了人們的預(yù)料.故C正確.
53.答案A.細(xì)節(jié)題.根據(jù)文章第二段5,6行Surprisingly,he found that errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident可知當(dāng)裁判離事發(fā)地點(diǎn)較近的時(shí)候,最容易犯錯(cuò).故A正確.
54.答案C.推理題.根據(jù)本句Surprisingly,he found that errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident.When the officials got it right,they were,on average,17 meters away from the action.可知這里的officials就是指上文的the referees,故C項(xiàng)內(nèi)容正確.
55.答案B.推理題.根據(jù)文章最后一段He also says that FIFA's insistence that referees should retire at age 45 may be misguided.If keeping up with the action is not so important,their physical condition is less critical.可知作者認(rèn)為年齡不應(yīng)該成為限制.故B正確.

點(diǎn)評(píng) 新聞報(bào)道解題技巧:第一步"看標(biāo)題信息",類(lèi)似作文審題;而"揣摩記敘類(lèi)型",則是指閱讀的審題目標(biāo)要比作文單一.即通過(guò)對(duì)題意的揣摩,要能辨出該文的記敘對(duì)象,是人物新聞還是事件新聞,是消息還是通迅. 第二步"抓記敘要素",這是由文體特點(diǎn)決定的.因?yàn)樾侣劦膬?nèi)容,無(wú)論哪種類(lèi)型,一般都離不開(kāi)人物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和事情的起因、發(fā)展、結(jié)果這六個(gè)要素. 第三步"理行文線索",即領(lǐng)悟文章的脈絡(luò)、順序,目的是理清作者的行文思路,借此可準(zhǔn)確地劃分全文的段落層次.針對(duì)考綱當(dāng)中C層級(jí)的分析綜合"分析語(yǔ)言特色,把握文章結(jié)構(gòu),概括中心意思"的考點(diǎn).第四步"辨敘述方式",即辨析文本主要采用的敘述方式,消息一般都是采用"倒金字塔"式(即先說(shuō)結(jié)果,再說(shuō)重要事實(shí),最后說(shuō)次要內(nèi)容),這跟一般的記敘文不同.而通迅的敘述方式就比較靈活多變,有順敘、倒敘,中間或許還會(huì)有插敘、補(bǔ)敘.

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