17．Scientists Announce Age of Tailored Cancer Care-Thanks to Your DNA
A decade ago it took tense of millions of pounds and many years to sequence the complete genome of one individual．Now it takes a few hundred pounds and a couple of days to decode the entire DNA of a cancer cell．
The rapid pace of change in DNA sequencing is leading to a transformation in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer．In the coming decade every cancer patient will receive a genetic profile of their disease，scientists predict．
An age of personalized medicine where patients receive tailored treatments based on their DNA rather than just their symptoms could end the one-drug-treats-all approach to cancer treatment，which has failed many patients in the past，they said．
The revolution will also mean that the classic method of testing new drugs and treatments based on large scale of clinical trials with thousands of patients will be replaced by more targeted approach focused on a smaller number of individuals with known genetic profiles．
Rapid DNA sequencing will signal an age where cancer drugs will be made for patients based on the type of DMA mutations （轉(zhuǎn)變） carried within their tumor（腫瘤），scientists said．"In part it might signal a significant shift in the way medicine is performed for cancer in the 21st century，"said Professor Alan Ashworth，chief executive of the Institute of Cancer Research of London．
"This is not science fiction．It's happening in a number of places around the world but we feel it will be absolutely routine within the next five to ten years for every cancer patient，"said Professor Ashworth，adding that it could mean drugs designed for one type of cancer will be used in the treatment of quite different cancers，as scientists uncover common biochemical pathways that link one disease to another．
"It opens up the possibility of using drugs in a context in which they were not originally developed，"Professor Ashworth said．It could also change the whole approach to drug development and clinical trials．He added，"In the past，drugs have been developed with large clinical trials involving thousands of patients and working out what is best for the average patient．What we are saying now is to look at what is best for the individual patient．It may be that in certain rare cancer types，a drug may be considered effective，even though there may well never be clinical trial evidence to prove it．"
51．The underlined word"tailored"in Para.3probably meansA．
A．fitting one person
B．well designed
C．conveniently made
D．a(chǎn)iming at common people
52．Compared with the new approach，the old method of drug developmentB．
A．is focused on a small number of patients
B．is based on a large number of tests on patients
C．works out what is best for one particular patient
D．cannot produce trial evidence to prove a drug's effect
53．It can be inferred from the passage thatC．
A．A decade ago patients with unknown genetic profiles cannot be treated．
B．Cancer treatment in the future will be mainly based on the symptoms of the patients．
C．the revolution in cancer treatment is a result of the rapid change in DNA sequencing．
D．Up to now the one-drug-treats-all approach to cancer treatment has been working properly．
分析 本文主要講述DNA測序的快速變化導(dǎo)致了癌癥治療的革命．
解答 51．A 52．B 53．C
51 A 猜測詞義題． 根據(jù)文章第三 段An age of personalized medicine where patients receive tailored treatments based on their DNA rather than just their symptoms could end the one-drug-treats-all approach to cancer treatment，可知以DNA為基礎(chǔ)的一對一的治療將結(jié)束一種藥物治療所有病人的癌癥治療方式，故選A．
52 B 細(xì)節(jié)題． 根據(jù)文章第四 段that the classic method of testing new drugs and treatments based on large scale of clinical trials with thousands of patients will be replaced by more targeted approach focused on a smaller number of individuals with known genetic profiles．可知傳統(tǒng)的測試新藥的方法是在數(shù)以千計(jì)的病人身上進(jìn)行臨床試驗(yàn)，故選B．
53 C 推理判斷題． 根據(jù)文章第二 段The rapid pace of change in DNA sequencing is leading to a transformation in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer． 可知 癌癥治療的革命是DNA測序的快速變化的結(jié)果，故選C．
點(diǎn)評 考察學(xué)生的細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力，做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí)一定要找到文章中的原句，和題干進(jìn)行比較，再做出正確的選擇．在做推理判斷題不要以個(gè)人的主觀想象代替文章的事實(shí)，要根據(jù)文章事實(shí)進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷．
