Question

Self-employed private physicians who charge a fee for each patient visit are the foundation of medical practice in the United States. Most physicians have a contract relationship with one or more hospitals in the community. They send their patients to this hospital, which usually charges patients according to the number of days they stay and the facilities (operating room, tests, medicines that they use). Some hospitals belong to a city, a state or, in the case of veteran's hospitals, a federal government agency. Others are operated by religious orders (教會(huì)) or other non-profit groups.
Some medical doctors are on salary. Salaried physicians may work as hospital staff members, or residents, who are often still in training. They may teach in medical schools, be hired by corporations to care for their workers or work for the federal government’s Public Health Service.
Physicians are among the best paid professionals in the United States. In the 1980s, it was not uncommon for medical doctors to earn incomes of more than $ 100,000 a year. Specialists, particularly surgeons, might earn several times that amount. Physicians list many reasons why they deserve to be so well rewarded for their work. One reason is the long and expensive preparation required to become a physician in the United States. Most would-be physicians first attend college for four years, which can cost nearly $ 20,000 a year at one of the best private institutions. Prospective physicians then attend medical school for four years. Tuition alone can exceed $ 10,000 a year. By the time they have obtained their medical degrees, many young physicians are deeply in debt. They still face three to five years of residency (實(shí)習(xí)階段) in a hospital, the first year as an apprentice physician. The hours are long and the pay is relatively low.
Setting up a medical practice is expensive, too. Sometimes several physicians will decide to establish a group practice, so they can share the expense of maintaining an office and buying equipment. These physicians also take care of each other’s patients in emergencies.
Physicians work long hours and must accept a great deal of responsibility. Many medical procedures, even quite routine ones, involve risk. It is understandable that physicians want to be well rewarded for making decisions which can mean the difference between life and death.
【小題1】According to the passage, it is very unlikely that an American hospital is owned by _____.

A．a(chǎn) church

B．a(chǎn) city

C．a(chǎn) corporation

D．a(chǎn) state

【小題2】According to the passage, how long does it take for a would-be physician to become an independent physician in the USA?

A．About twelve years.	B．Eight years.
C．Ten years.	D．About seven year.

【小題3】Sometimes several physicians set up a group medical practice mainly because _______.

A．there are so many patients that it is difficult for one physician to take care all of them

B．they can take turns to work long hours

C．no one wants to assume too much responsibility

D．facilities may be too much of a burden for one physician to shoulder

【小題4】Which of the following statements could fully express the author’s view towards physicians’ payment in the USA?

A．It is reasonable for physicians to have a large income because their work is very dangerous.

B．For their expensive education and their responsibility, they deserve a handsome pay.

C．Physicians should be better paid because they work long hours under bad conditions.

D．Physicians have great responsibility, so it is understandable that they should be well rewarded.

Answer 1

【小題1】C
【小題2】A
【小題3】D
【小題4】B

解析試題分析：本文主要講了在美國(guó)，醫(yī)師是高報(bào)酬職業(yè)之一。這是由于他們需要較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的學(xué)習(xí)和高學(xué)費(fèi)投入的緣故。
【小題1】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第 1 段最后兩句話“Some hospitals belong to a city, a state or, in the case of veteran's hospitals, a federal government agency. Others are operated by religious orders(教會(huì)) or other non-profit groups.”中可得出美國(guó)的醫(yī)院不可能被公司用于，故選B。
【小題2】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第 3 段的 Most would be physicians first attend college for four years… Prospective physicians then attend medical school for four years…They still face three to five years of residency 可知準(zhǔn)醫(yī)生要想成為獨(dú)立的醫(yī)生要12年左右，答案為A。
【小題3】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第 4 段“Sometimes several physicians will decide to establish a group practice, so they can share the expense of maintaining an office and buying equipment.”可找到答案，可知是因?yàn)橐粋�(gè)人的經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)太重，故選D。
【小題4】主旨大意題。從第 3 段中“Most would-be physicians first attend college for four years, which can cost nearly $ 20,000 a year at one of the best private institutions. Prospective physicians then attend medical school for four years. Tuition alone can exceed $ 10,000 a year.”可得出答案，高額學(xué)費(fèi)和職業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是醫(yī)師獲得高報(bào)酬的原因，故選B。
考點(diǎn)：社會(huì)現(xiàn)象類閱讀。