Question

The baby monkey is much more developed at birth than the human baby. Almost from the moment it is born, the baby monkey can move around and hold tightly to its mother. During the first few days of its life the baby will approach and hold onto almost any large, warm, and soft object in its environment, particularly if that object also gives it milk. After a week or m, however, the baby monkey begins to avoid newcomers and focuses its attentions on “mother" 一 the real mother or the mother-substitute (母親替代樹).

During the first two weeks of its life warmth is perhaps the most important psychological (心理的) thing that a monkey mother has to give to its baby. The Harlows, a couple who are both psychologists, discovered this fact by offering baby monkeys a choice of two types of mother-substitutes 一 one covered with cloth 4nd one made of bare wire. If the two artificial mothers were both the same temperature, the little monkeys always preferred the cloth mother. However, if the wire model was heated, while the cloth model was cool, for the first two weeks after birth the baby monkeys picked the warm wire mother-substitutes as their fuvorites. Thereafter they switched and spent most of their time on the mw comfortable cloth mother.

Why is cloth preferable to bare wire? Something that the Harlows called contact (接級(jí)) comfort seems to be the answer, and a most powerful influence it is. Baby monkeys spend much of their time rubbing against their mothers' skins, putting themselves in as close contact with the parent as they can. Whenever the young animal is frightened, disturbed, or annoyed, it typically rushes to its mother and rubs itself against her body. Wire doesn't “rub" as well as does soft cloth. Prolonged (長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的) “contact comfort" with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence and is much more rewarding to them than is cither warmth or milk.

According to the Harlows, the basic quality of baby’s love for its mother is trust. If the baby is put into an unfamiliar playroom without its mother, the baby ignores the toys no nutter how interesting they might be. It screams in terror and curls up into a furry little ball. If its cloth mother it now introduced into the playroom, the baby rushed to it and holds onto it for dear life. After a few minutes of contact comfort, it obviously begins to feel more secure. it then climbs down from the mother-substitute and begins to explore the toys, but often rushes back for a deep embrace (擁抱) as if to make sure that its mother is still there and that all is well. Bit by bit its fears of the new environment are gone and it spends more and more time playing with the toys and less and less time holding onto its “mother.”

50. Psychologically, what does the baby monkey desire most during the first two weeks of its life?

A. Warmth.             B. Milk.                C. Contact.            D. Trust.

51. After the first two weeks of their life, baby monkeys prefer the cloth mother to the wire mother because the former is ______.

A. larger in size                                     B. closer lo them

C. less frightening and less disturbing      D. more comfortable to rub against

52. Whal docs the baby monlcry probably gain from prolonged Mcontact comfort"?

A. Altenlion.                                        B. Softness.

C. Confidence.                                     D. Interest.

53. It can be inferred that when the baby monkey feels sccure, ______.

A. it frequently niftheft back for a deep embrace when exploring the toys

B. it spends more time screaming to get rewards

C. il is less attracted to the toys though they are interesting

D. it cares less alxnii whether itA mother is still around

54. Hie main purpose of ihc passage is to ______.

A. give the reasons for (he experiment

B. present the findings of the experiment

C. introduce the method of the experiment

D. describe the process of the experiment

Answer 1

【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。介紹并分析了a baby monkey在出生后兩周內(nèi)的心理反應(yīng)。

段落	關(guān)鍵詞、句	大意推測(cè)
第一部分（Para. 1）	can move around;hold tightly to its mother;approach and hold;avoid newcomers focuses its attentions on its mother	出生第一周的a baby monkey：可以四處走動(dòng)；緊緊拉著媽媽；靠近并握緊；回避陌生人；注意力在媽媽身上
第二部分（Para. 2-4）	warmth is the most important psychological thing;contact comfort;give the baby confidence;feel more secure;rush back;bit by bit;spend more and more time playing	出生兩周的a baby monkey： 溫暖是最重要的心理東西；接觸舒適；給小猴子信心；覺得更安全；逐漸地；花費(fèi)越來(lái)越多的時(shí)間玩

【解析】

50.A。細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。難度：較易。找到關(guān)鍵詞the first two weeks定位第二段。根據(jù)During the first two weeks of its life warmth is perhaps the most important psychological thing that a baby mother has to give it to its baby.（在出生的前兩周，溫暖是猴子?jì)寢尳obaby monkey最重要的心理東西）。鎖定答案A。

51.D。細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。難度：較易。找到關(guān)鍵詞prefer cloth mother，定位第二段第一句。根據(jù)contact comfort（觸摸舒適），我們可知是因?yàn)椴贾频膍other在體感上讓baby monkey更舒服。因此，正確答案為選項(xiàng)D。

52.C。細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。難度：較易。找到關(guān)鍵詞prolonged contact comfort，定位第三段。根據(jù)Prolonged contact comfort with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence.（長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的和布制的mother接觸顯然給小猴子自信）。

53.D。判斷推理題。難度：中等。找到關(guān)鍵詞feel secure，定位第四段。通讀第四段，我們知道Bit by bit its fears of the new environment are gone and it spends more and more time playing with the toys and less and less time holding onto its mother（逐漸地它對(duì)新環(huán)境的恐懼消失，把越來(lái)越多的時(shí)間花在玩玩具方面，于是花越來(lái)越少的時(shí)間緊緊拉住媽媽）。因此，正確答案為選項(xiàng)D。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】選項(xiàng)A“在它玩具的時(shí)候，時(shí)常跑回去擁抱媽媽”是在它感覺安全感不強(qiáng)烈的情況下的表現(xiàn)，因而是錯(cuò)的；選項(xiàng)B“它花費(fèi)大量的時(shí)間尖叫期待獎(jiǎng)賞”文中并未提及；選項(xiàng)C“盡管玩具很有趣，但玩具對(duì)它沒有很大的吸引力”這是在它缺乏安全感的時(shí)候的表現(xiàn)，因此排除。

54.B。主旨推測(cè)題。難度：較難。通讀全文，我們知道，作者按著baby monkey出生后的時(shí)間順序，記錄了小猴子從剛出生、出生一周左右到長(zhǎng)到兩周左右的心理發(fā)展變化。因此，正確答案是選項(xiàng)B，而不是“給出試驗(yàn)理由、介紹試驗(yàn)方法或者描述試驗(yàn)過(guò)程”。

【難句學(xué)習(xí)】

During the first two weeks of its life warmth is perhaps the most important psychological thing that a baby mother has to give it to its baby.

翻譯：在出生的前兩周，溫暖是猴子?jì)寢尳obaby monkey最重要的心理（需求的）東西。

分析：本句的主干warmth is perhaps the most important psychological thing，that引導(dǎo)的從句為thing的定語(yǔ)從句，during短語(yǔ)做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。