8．California is the most populous state in the United States，and the third largest by land area，after Alaska and Texas．California is located on the West Coast of the United States，bordered by Oregon to the north，Nevada to the northeast，Arizona to the southeast，the Mexican state of Baja California to the south，and the Pacific Ocean to the west．Its four largest cities are Los Angeles，San Diego，San Jose，and San Francisco．The state is home to the nation's second and sixth largest census statistical areas as well as eight of the nation's fifty most populous cities．California has a varied climate and geography，and a diverse population．
California's geography ranges from the Pacific coast to the Sierra Nevada mountain range in the east，to Mojave desert areas in the southeast and the Redwood-Douglas fir forests of the northwest．The center of the state is dominated by the Central Valley，one of the most productive agricultural areas in the world．California is the most geographically diverse state in the nation，and contains the highest （Mount Whitney） and lowest （Death Valley） points in the contiguous United States．Almost 40% of California is forested，a high amount for a relatively arid state．
Beginning in the late 18th century，the area known as Alta California was colonized by the Spanish Empire．In 1821，Mexico，including Alta California，became the First Mexican Empire，beginning as a monarchy，before shifting to a republic．In 1846a group of American settlers in Sonoma declared the independence of a California Republic．As a result of the Mexican-American War，Mexico ceded California to the United States．It became the 31st state admitted to the union on September 9，1850．
In the 19th century，the California Gold Rush brought about dramatic social，economic，and demographic change in California，with a large influx of people and an economic boom that caused San Francisco to grow from a hamlet of tents to a world-renowned boomtown．Key developments in the early 20th century included the emergence of Los Angeles as center of the American entertainment industry，and the growth of a large，state-wide tourism sector．In addition to California's prosperous agricultural industry，other important contributors to the economy include aerospace，petroleum，and information technology．If California were a country，it would rank among the ten largest economies in the world，with a GDP similar to that of Italy．It would be the 35th most populous country．
46．Which of the following is TRUE about California？A
A．The population in California is larger than that in any other state in the US．
B．A state of Mexico lies to the southeast of California．
C．Eight biggest cities in California are among the most developed ones in North America．
D．Few races of people live in California except the white and black people．
47．What is the second paragraph mainly about？D
A．California's culture B．California's history
C．California's location D．California's geography
48．How did the United States admit California as its 31st state？C
A．By occupying the land．
B．By colonizing the land．
C．By winning a war against Mexico．
D．By offering aids to Mexico．
49．Why did San Francisco grow from a hamlet of tents to a world-famous boomtown？C
A．Because it became the center of the American entertainment industry．
B．Because it had the best growth of a large，state-wide tourism．
C．Because a large number of people rushed there in search of gold．
D．Because it developed many such important contributors to economy as IT．
50．What if California were a country？B
A．It would be richer than Italy，a European country．
B．It would be one of the ten richest countries．
C．Its population would be larger than that of 34countries．
D．It would have a better economy than it has now．
分析 本文講述了加利福尼亞的歷史，以及如何成為美國(guó)的第31個(gè)州的．
解答 46～50 ADCCB
46 A 細(xì)節(jié)題． 根據(jù)文章第一 段California is the most populous state in the United States 可知加利福尼亞州是美國(guó)人口最多的州，故選A．BCD項(xiàng)不符合文意．
47 D 細(xì)節(jié)題． 根據(jù)文章第二 段California's geography ranges from the Pacific coast to the Sierra Nevada mountain range in the east，可知本段的主旨大意是描述了加利福尼亞州的地理情況，故選D．
48 C 細(xì)節(jié)題． 根據(jù)文章第 三段As a result of the Mexican-American War，Mexico ceded California to the United States．It became the 31st state admitted to the union on September 9，1850． 可知由于墨西哥與美國(guó)的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的勝利，才導(dǎo)致加利福尼亞州成為美國(guó)的第31個(gè)州的，故選C．
49 C 細(xì)節(jié)題． 根據(jù)文章最后一段 a large influx of people and an economic boom that caused San Francisco to grow from a hamlet of tents to a world-renowned boomtown．可知由于淘金熱才導(dǎo)致舊金山從一個(gè)帳篷小鎮(zhèn)變成了繁榮的大城市，故選C．
50 B 細(xì)節(jié)題． 根據(jù)文章最后一段If California were a country，it would rank among the ten largest economies in the world 可知如果加利福尼亞州是一個(gè)國(guó)家，那么它肯定會(huì)在世界上排名前十，故選B．
點(diǎn)評(píng) 考察學(xué)生的細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力，做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí)一定要找到文章中的原句，和題干進(jìn)行比較，再做出正確的選擇．在做推理判斷題不要以個(gè)人的主觀想象代替文章的事實(shí)，要根據(jù)文章事實(shí)進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷．
