任務(wù)型閱讀。
     根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從下框的A-F選項(xiàng)中選出能概括每一段的主題最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有一項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
1.______
     Culture consists of all shaped products of human society. This means not only such materials things as
cities, organizations and schools, but also non-material things such as ideas, customs, family patterns, and
languages. Putting it simply, culture refers to the entire way of life of a society, "the ways of people".
2.______
     Language is a part of culture and plays a very important role in it. Some social scientists consider it the
keystone of culture. Without language, the maintaining of culture would not be possible. On the other hand,
language is shaped and influenced by culture. In broadest scene, language is the symbolic representation of
a people and it comprises their historical and cultural backgrounds as well as their approach to life and their
ways of living and thinking.
3.______
     We should not go further into the relationship between language and culture. What we need to be stressed
is that the two interact, and that understanding of one requires understanding of the other. Language carries
culture and culture gives language characteristics. There is no language living without culture or culture without
language.
4.______
     Social scientists tell us that cultures differ from one another, that is to say, each culture is unique. As
cultures are diverse, languages are diverse. It is only natural that with differences in cultures and differences
in languages, difficulties often arise in communicating between cultures and across cultures. Thus
understanding is not always easy.
5.______
     Learning a foreign language well means more than merely mastering the pronunciation, grammar, words
and idioms. It also means learning to see the world as speakers of that language see it. Learning the ways in
which their language reflects the ideas, customs and behaviors of their society, learning to understand "their
language of the mind." Learning a language, in fact, is inseparatable from learning its culture.
A. Understanding is not always easy due to diversity of both culture and language.
B. Learn its culture when learning the language.
C. The close relationship between language and culture.
D. What is culture?
E. Culture and language are interactive and unseparated.
F. The important role that language plays in culture.
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Back to School: Why Grit(毅力) Is More Important than Good Grades?
       The back-to-school season is upon us, and once again, parents across the country have loaded their kids’ backpacks up with snack packs and school supplies. It’s a good moment to reflect on what else we should be giving our kids as they head off to school.

American parents are feeling particularly anxious about that question this year. The educational process feels more than ever like a race, one that starts in pre-preschool and doesn’t end until your child is admitted to the perfect college. Most parents are more worried than they need to be about their children’s grades, test scores and IQ. And what we don’t think about enough is how to help our children build their character—how to help them develop skills like perseverance, grit, optimism, conscientiousness, and self-control, which together do more to determine success than S.A.T. scores or I.Q.

There is growing evidence that our anxiety about our children’s school performance may actually be holding them back from learning some of these valuable skills. If you’re concerned only with a child’s G.P.A., then you will likely choose to minimize the challenges the child faces in school. With real challenge comes the risk of real failure. And in a competitive academic environment, the idea of failure can be very scary, to students and parents alike.

But experiencing failure is a critical part of building character. Recent research by a team of psychologists found that adults who had experienced little or no failure growing up were actually less happy and confident than those who had experienced a few significant setbacks in childhood. “Overcoming those obstacles,” the researchers assumed, “could teach effective coping skills, help engage social support networks, create a sense of mastery over past adversity, and foster beliefs in the ability to cope successfully in the future.”

By contrast, when we protect our children from every possible failure—when we call their teachers to get an extension on a paper; when we urge them to choose only those subjects they’re good at—we are denying them those same character-building experiences. As the psychologists Madeline Levine and Dan Kindlon have written, that can lead to difficulties in adolescence and young adulthood, when overprotected young people finally confront real problems on their own and don’t know how to overcome them.

In the classroom and outside of it, American parents need to encourage children to take chances, to challenge themselves, to risk failure. In the meantime, giving our kids room to fail may be one of the best ways we can help them succeed.

       Back to School: Why Grit Is More Important than Good Grades?

Common phenomena

◆Parents throughout America(76)  ▲   their kids’ backpacks up with snacks and school supplies.

◆Many American parents don’t(77)  ▲  enough importance to their kids’ character building.

The writer’s(78)  ▲ 

◆Parents should pay more attention to their kids’ character building.

Evidence and (79) ▲    findings

◆Parents’ anxiety about their kids’ performance may(80) ▲        them from learning some valuable skills.

◆Parents concerned only with a kid’s G.P.A. have a (81)  ▲  to minimize the challenges the child faces.

◆Adults who have experienced a few significant setbacks in childhood are (82)  ▲  and more confident than those who haven’t.

◆Denying kids character-building experiences can(83)  ▲  in difficulties in adolescence and young adulthood.

The writer’s suggestions

◆(84)  ▲  kids to be risk-takers.

◆Give kids room to experience(85)  ▲  .

            

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