Throughout history man has had to accept the fact that all living things must die. But people now live longer than they   36  . Yet, all living things still show the   37   of aging, which will eventually   38   death.

Aging is not a disease, but as a person passes maturity (成熟期), the cells of the body and the  39  they form do not function as well as they   40   in childhood and teenage years. The body provides less   41   against disease and is more   42   to have accident.

A number of related causes may   43   aging. Some cells of the body have a fairly long life, but they are not   44   when they die. As a person ages,   45   of brain cells and muscle cells decreases.   46   body cells die and are replaced by new cells. In an aging person the   47  cells may not be as workable or as capable   48   growth as those of a young person.

Another   49   in aging may be changes within the cells   50   . Some of the protein chemicals in cells are known   51   with age and become less elastic (有彈性的). This is why the skin of old people wrinkles (皺紋) and   52  . This is also the reason why old people   53   in height. There may be other more important chemical changes in the cells. Some complex cell chemicals, such as DNA and RNA, store and   54   information that the cells need. Aging may affect this  55  and change the information-carrying molecules so that they do not transmit the information as well.

36. A.would          B.be used to C.used to     D. used

37. A.function          B.effect         C.a(chǎn)ffect         D. sign

38. A.lead in           B.give in         C.run into     D. result in

39. A.hands           B.feet C.heart        D. organs

40. A.do             B.has done          C.did           D. had done

41. A.energy         B.protection      C.vigor             D. power

42. A.likely             B.probable         C.possible    D. alike

43. A.a(chǎn)ttend to        B.contribute to  C.a(chǎn)dd to     D. devote to

44. A.replaced        B.reborn   C.recovered      D. surrendered

45. A.a(chǎn) number        B.the amount   C.the number   D. a great deal

46. A.The others              B.The other              C.Another         D. Other

47. A.old               B.left                C.new             D. other

48. A.to                 B.for      C.of                D. in

49. A.factor            B.effect              C.reason   D. element

50. A.for themselves          B.of themselves   C.themselves         D. on their own

51.   A.change            B.to have changed  C.to change          D. to be changed

52. A.hangs loose   B.hangs loosely     C.is hanging loosely D. is hanging loose

53. A.increase          B.shrink     C.lengthen         D. decrease

54. A.pass away      B.pass by            C.pass off           D. pass on

55. A.improvement           B.procession      C.a(chǎn)pproach       D. process

36. C;37. B;38. D39. D;40. C;41. B;42. A;43. B;44. A;45. C;46. D;47. C;48. C;49. A;50. C;51. C;52. A;53. B;54. D;55. D


解析:

:這是一篇科普類(lèi)短文。本文講述的主題是“盡管人的壽命在延長(zhǎng),但隨著歲月的流失,人人都會(huì)衰老,最終將面臨死亡”。

36. C    根據(jù)句意:但是人們現(xiàn)在比過(guò)去壽命高。used to表示“過(guò)去經(jīng)常做……”,暗示現(xiàn)在并不如此,此處指過(guò)去的情況,正好與句義相符。would可表示“過(guò)去經(jīng)!,但不含“今昔對(duì)比”之意。注意該詞組與be used to的區(qū)別,后者意為“習(xí)慣于……”, to為介詞。D項(xiàng)之所以不對(duì),是因?yàn)樵谝韵略~組中,當(dāng)不定式省略時(shí),通常要保留不定式符號(hào)to,如:used to, be going to, mean to, ought to, try to, plan to等。

37. B    根據(jù)下文中的定語(yǔ)從句所表示的意義進(jìn)行判斷,這里所填入的單詞應(yīng)該表示“衰老的結(jié)果”這一意義。effect意為“結(jié)果,影響”,正是此意。function“功能,機(jī)能,作用”;affect“影響,感動(dòng)”,是動(dòng)詞;sign“標(biāo)記”。解題時(shí)要注意effect和affect拼寫(xiě)只相差一個(gè)字母,但effect是名詞而affect是動(dòng)詞。

38. D    根據(jù)主句內(nèi)容,which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,which表示前面的“衰老的結(jié)果”,即:衰老的結(jié)果最終導(dǎo)致死亡。result in“使發(fā)生,導(dǎo)致”;lead in無(wú)此搭配,在表示“導(dǎo)致”時(shí),應(yīng)為lead to;give in “讓步,屈服”;run into“陷入”,常指陷入困境。

39. D    根據(jù)上下文及信息詞cells可確定句中是指所有的部位(器官)。而其他三項(xiàng)所指的都是身體的具體部位。

40. C    此句中的did是用來(lái)代替前面的動(dòng)詞function,以避免重復(fù)。因?yàn)檫@里有一個(gè)表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in childhood and teenage years,所以只能用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

41. B    protection“保護(hù),保護(hù)物”,和介詞against或from連用,譯為“保護(hù)……免遭……”。此句義為“身體此時(shí)的免疫力下降,易于患病”;energy“精力,活力”; vigor“力量,活力”;power“權(quán)力,力氣”。

42. A    likely, possible和probable它們?nèi)叨急硎尽翱赡堋,均可以?gòu)成:It is possible / probable / likely +that從句。但probable 和possible不能用于sb.is possible / probable to do sth.句型中。如:It will be possible / probable / likely for you to get there before eight o'clock.你有可能在8點(diǎn)鐘之前趕到那里。 You will be likely to get there before 8 o'clock. 你很有可能在8點(diǎn)鐘之前趕到那里。alike“相似的”,不符句意。

43. B    根據(jù)句義:有一些相關(guān)的原因可能促使人衰老。contribute to“有助于,起作用,促成”,此意義符合句義。attend to“專(zhuān)心于”;add to“增加,把……添加到……”;devote to“致力于,獻(xiàn)身于”。這四個(gè)詞組中的to都是介詞,要注意它和不定式符號(hào)to的區(qū)別。

44. A    此句與下文相對(duì)應(yīng),根據(jù)下文第十一空之后出現(xiàn)的replace (代替)可確定該空選replaced;reborn“新生的,復(fù)活的”;recovered“恢復(fù)”;surrendered “屈服”

45. C    根據(jù)此句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞decreases可確定其主語(yǔ)應(yīng)為the number,表示 “……的數(shù)量”,作主語(yǔ)時(shí),應(yīng)該使用單數(shù)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞;a number of“許多,大量”常用來(lái)修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞,做主語(yǔ)時(shí),要使用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞;the amount of“……的數(shù)量是”,常接不可數(shù)名詞;a great deal of “大量的”,后接不可數(shù)名詞。

46. D    根據(jù)這一段里談到的不同情況的細(xì)胞,上文用了some cells of the body不能再生,很顯然下文中用other body cells可以被新的細(xì)胞所代替。這樣other與上文的some相呼應(yīng)。其他詞都不能起此作用。

47. C    根據(jù)上文的意思,這里還在繼續(xù)談?wù)摰诙N可再生細(xì)胞,即:the new cells。

48. C    be capable of是固定搭配,表示“有……的能力”。句中指:老年人的新細(xì)胞的發(fā)展能力不如年輕人的強(qiáng)。其他介詞不與capable搭配。

49. A    這一段的內(nèi)容是和上段相對(duì)應(yīng)的,所需詞相當(dāng)于上段第一句中的cause,指造成一種事實(shí)或現(xiàn)象的原因,所以選用factor,表“因素,要素”。其他幾個(gè)詞雖然語(yǔ)義相近,但所強(qiáng)調(diào)的重點(diǎn)并不相同。effect“結(jié)果”;reason“原因”,用來(lái)說(shuō)明一種看法或行為的理由;element“元素”。

50. C    此句意是:另一個(gè)導(dǎo)致衰老的因素是細(xì)胞內(nèi)本身的變化。由此可得出,空格處需填一個(gè)作同位語(yǔ)的名詞或代詞,那么四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,就只有themselves可擔(dān)當(dāng)此任,即:反身代詞themselves做cells的同位語(yǔ)。

51. C    本句是被動(dòng)句式,其主動(dòng)句式是:It is known that some of the protein chemicals in cells change with age and become less elastic。意為:大家知道細(xì)胞內(nèi)有些蛋白質(zhì)隨著年齡的增大而改變,變得沒(méi)有那么有彈性。又如:It is known that a new hospital will be built here. = A new hospital is known to be built here。在敘述一般性事物時(shí),動(dòng)詞know之后的不定式不用進(jìn)行式和完成式。

52. A    hang在這里是用作系動(dòng)詞,后面須接一個(gè)形容詞作表語(yǔ),類(lèi)似的動(dòng)詞還有: rise,shine,sit,lie等,如:The sun rose red. (= The sun rose and it is red.)。本句除了要注意hang是系動(dòng)詞外,還要注意時(shí)態(tài)的選擇。因?yàn)橥ㄆ恼滤務(wù)摰氖侨巳硕家兝系目陀^事實(shí),所用時(shí)態(tài)都為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),不能用進(jìn)行時(shí)。

53. B    根據(jù)句義“這就是為什么老人的身高會(huì)收縮的原因”,因此表“收縮”的只有shrink;increase“增加”和1engthen“變長(zhǎng)”與句義不符; decrease“減少”,一般強(qiáng)調(diào)量的減少,也不符合題義。特別說(shuō)明的是shrink這個(gè)詞平常用得不太多,但它仍然是中學(xué)英語(yǔ)“新課標(biāo)”詞匯,它的過(guò)去式形式是shrank或shrunk,過(guò)去分詞形式是shrunk 或shrunken。

54. D    根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容應(yīng)選pass on,表示“把……傳給另一個(gè),轉(zhuǎn)移”,句中store and pass on information指“儲(chǔ)存和傳遞信息”,符合句意。其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都不符句意。pass away“去世”;pass by“經(jīng)過(guò),從……旁邊走過(guò)”;pass off“逐漸消失,停止”。

55. D    從通篇文章所敘述的人的衰老的過(guò)程分析,我們應(yīng)該在此處選填process。表示“自然的過(guò)程,進(jìn)程”,符合上下文意義;即:衰老可能影響這種進(jìn)程和改變信息;improvement“改良”;procession“隊(duì)伍,行列”;approach“方式,方法”。

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Credit cards have also been available for many years. They have been in use in the United States since the 1920s. At first, these cards were only used to buy gas in the quickly growing automobile service industry. Then, in the 1950s, Diners Club introduced the first general-purpose credit card. Today, credit cards such as Master Card, Visa, and American Express are commonly used by travelers around the world.
While it may be true that some of the greatest inventions and discoveries in history came about by chance, the majority of inventions that simplify our lives today came about through careful research and patient study. Of course, it still holds true that even with all the comforts of modern technology, inventors continue to search for ways of helping all of us get out of doing those necessary but tedious (乏味的) tasks which we still face. As the old saying goes, “Necessity is the mother of invention.”
【小題1】From the second paragraph we can learn that _____.

A.toothbrushes came into common use in Europe in the 17th century
B.people could enjoy a variety of paste and powder cleaners in the 18th century
C.more and more people paid attention to dental care throughout Europe in the 19th century
D.the English could use different kinds of tubes of toothpaste in the early 19th century
【小題2】All of the following made a contribution to the invention and use of contact lenses EXCEPT _______.
A.Diners ClubB.Sir John Herschel
C.Dr Eugen FrickD.the Zeiss factory
【小題3】Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the fourth paragraph?
A. Credit cards have a history of about two hundred years.
B. Three kinds of credit cards are being used in the USA.
C. The use of credit cards is closely related to the economic development.
D. American Express is only used by American travelers now.
【小題4】The last paragraph mainly tells us that ______.
A.the greatest inventions came about by chance
B.inventions came about through careful research and patient study
C.inventors still continue to make inventions
D.necessity is the mother of invention

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