Here is an astonishing and significant fact: Mental work alone can’t make us tire. It sounds absurd. But a years ago, scientists tried to find out how long the human brain could labor without reaching a stage of fatigue (疲勞). To the amazement of these scientists, they discovered that blood passing through the brain, when it is active, shows no fatigue at all! If we took a drop of blood from a day laborer, we would find it full of fatigue toxins(毒素) and fatigue products. But if we took blood from the brain of an Albert Einstein, it would show no fatigue toxins at the end of the day.
So far as the brain is concerned, it can work as well and swiftly at the end of eight or even twelve hours of effort as at the beginning. The brain is totally tireless. So what makes us tired?
Some scientists declare that most of our fatigue comes from our mental and emotional(情緒的) attitudes. One of England’s most outstanding scientists, J.A. Hadfield, says, “The greater part of the fatigue from which we suffer is of mental origin. In fact, fatigue of purely physical origin is rare.” Dr. Brill, a famous American scientist, goes even further. He declares, “One hundred percent of the fatigue of sitting worker in good health is due to emotional problems.”
What kinds of emotions make sitting workers tired? Joy? Satisfaction? No! A feeling of being bored, anger, anxiety, tenseness, worry, a feeling of not being appreciated---those are the emotions that tire sitting workers. Hard work by itself seldom causes fatigue. We get tired because our emotions produce nervousness in the body.
小題1: What surprised the scientists a few years ago?
A．Fatigue toxins could hardly be found in a laborer’s blood.
B．Albert Einstein didn’t feel worn after a day’s work.
C．The brain could work for many hours without fatigue.
D．A mental worker’s blood was filled with fatigue toxins.
小題2:According to the author, which of the following can make sitting workers tired?
A．Challenging mental work.B．Unpleasant emotions.
C．Endless tasks.D．Physical labor.
小題3:What’s the author’s attitude towards the scientists’ idea?
A．He agrees with them.B．He doubts them.
C．He argues against them.D．He hesitates to accept them.
小題4: We can infer from the passage that in order to stay energetic, sitting workers need to ___________.
A．have some good food.B．enjoy their work
C．exercise regularlyD．discover fatigue toxins

小題1:C
小題2:B
小題3:A
小題4:B

試題分析：本文是一篇說明文，科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)腦力勞動不能使人勞累，使人勞累的是人的精神和情感狀態(tài)，即厭煩、生氣、焦急、緊張、憂慮以及不被欣賞等。因而在體內(nèi)產(chǎn)生緊張感，因而覺得身體累了。
小題1:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Here is an astonishing and significant fact: Mental work alone can’t make us tire.腦力勞動時間長了不會讓人感覺到累，故選C。
小題2:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)A feeling of being bored, anger, anxiety, tenseness, worry, a feeling of not being appreciated---those are the emotions that tire sitting workers. 厭煩、生氣、焦慮、緊張還有不高興的情感，這四個選項(xiàng)里只有B才提到，故選B。
小題3:態(tài)度判斷題。根據(jù)Here is an astonishing and significant fact: Mental work alone can’t make us tire. We get tired because our emotions produce nervousness in the body 我們感覺到累是因?yàn)槲覀兩眢w里產(chǎn)生了緊張，這里看出作者是贊同這個觀點(diǎn)的，故選A。
小題4:推理判斷題。根據(jù)Hard work by itself seldom causes fatigue. We get tired because our emotions produce nervousness in the body.只要人們不覺得心情緊張，享受生活那么就能保持精力旺盛，不覺得累，故選B。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

Almost everyone wants to get smarter. We struggle to improve our  36_ , intelligence and attention. We drink cup after cup of coffee to help us  37_  the day.
 38 __, a new study published in Current Directions in Psychological Science warns that there are 39___ to how smart humans can get.
Each of our body parts develops in a certain way for a reason.  40  _, we are not 3 meters tall  41 _ most people’s hearts are not strong enough to send  42 _  up that high. Scientists say that our thinking ability works in the same way. A baby’s brain size is limited by a series of __43  , such as the size of the mother’s pelvis (骨盆). If our brains developed to be bigger, there could be more  44  during childbirth.
The study of Jews, who have an average IQ much _ 45_  than other Europeans, showed they were more  _46_  to develop diseases of the  _47_  system. This might be because of their increased brainpower.
If intelligence cannot be improved, can we at least get better at _ 48 _ ? Not really, say scientists. They studied  _49_  like caffeine (咖啡因)that improve attention. They found the drugs only helped people with serious  50 _ problems. For those who did not have trouble paying attention, the drugs could have the  51 _ effect. Scientists say that this suggests there is a(n)  52 limit to how much people can or should concentrate.
Our memory is also a “double-edged sword”. People with extremely good memories could  53__ having a difficult life because they cannot  _54 bad things that happen to them.
Thomas Hills, one of the authors of the paper, said that   55  all the problems in trying to get smarter, it’s unlikely that there will ever be a “super mind”.
小題1:
A．a(chǎn)bilityB．characterC．memoryD．emotion
小題2:
A．go throughB．put throughC．get throughD．carry through
小題3:
A．ThoughB．ThereforeC．HoweverD．Meanwhile
小題4:
A．standardsB．measuresC．rangesD．limits
小題5:
A．At firstB．In additionC．For exampleD．Above all
小題6:
A．untilB．becauseC．beforeD．so that
小題7:
A．blood B．informationC．breathD．strength
小題8:
A．factors B．reasonsC．a(chǎn)spectsD．effects
小題9:
A．chancesB．deaths C．choicesD．lives
小題10:
A．smarterB．betterC．lowerD．higher
小題11:
A．likelyB．possibleC．probableD．sure
小題12:
A．physicalB．bodilyC．personalD．nervous
小題13:
A．exercisingB．concentrating C．memorizingD．thinking
小題14:
A．poisonsB．drinks C．plants D．drugs
小題15:
A．a(chǎn)ttentionB．familyC．healthD．living
小題16:
A．sameB．opposite C．differentD．similar
小題17:
A．lowerB．smallerC．upper D．higher
小題18:
A．end up B．make upC．start upD．come up
小題19:
A．forgetB．rememberC．performD．share
小題20:
A．supposingB．concerningC．consideringD．regarding

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

What’s the difference between the British Isles, Britain, the United Kingdom and England?
The British Isles is made up of two large islands: One is called Ireland and the other Britain. Britain, or Great Britain, is the larger of these two islands and it is divided into three parts: Scotland, Wales and England.
The United Kingdom (UK) is short for the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. It is made up of Scotland, Wales, and England (i.e. the whole of Britain), and also about one-sixth of Ireland, the Northern part. The rest of Ireland is self-governing(自治的).
England is the largest, most populous (人口眾多的), and generally speaking, the richest section. English people often use the words “England” and “English” when they mean “Britain” and “British”. This sometimes makes the Scots and the Welsh angry. The Scots are very proud of their separate nationality. The Welsh too do not consider themselves as England, and have a culture and even a language of their own. Ireland became part of the United Kingdom in 1801, but is soon grew discontented (不滿的), and for forty years the “Irish Question” was the greatest headache of British Parliament(國會). At last, Ireland divided itself into two: Northern Ireland remained loyal(忠誠于) to the Crown(英國王室), and in 1922 the rest of the country broke away to form Irish Free State, now the Republic of Ireland.
小題1:Which is the largest in area?
A．The British IlesB．Great Britain
C．EnglandD．The United Kingdom
小題2: Which is the largest island of the British Isles?.
A．IrelandB．Britain
C．EnglandD．Northern Ireland
小題3:The United Kingdom is mainly made up of          .
A．3 parts: Scotland, Wales, and England
B．4 parts: Scotland, Wales, England and Ireland
C．2 parts: the whole of Britain and Ireland
D．2 parts: the whole of Britain and Northern Ireland
小題4: Strictly speaking(嚴(yán)格地說), which is wrong?
A．“English” refers(指) to people of England.
B．“The Scots” refers to people of Scotland.
C．“England” refers to all the people to the UK.
D．Only one-sixth of Ireland belongs to the UK.
小題5:Who will be happy if we use “England” when we mean Britain?
A．The BritishB．People of England
C．People of the Republic of IrelandD．The welsh

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

When Scotsman Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876, it was a revolution in communication． For the first time, people could talk to each other over great distances almost as clearly as if they were in the same room． Nowadays, though, we increasingly use Bell' s invention for taking photographs, accessing the internet, or watching video clips, rather than talking． Over the last two decades a new means of spoken communication has appeared: the mobile phone．
The first real mobile telephone call was made in 1973 by Dr Martin Cooper, the scientist who invented the modem mobile handset． Within a decade, mobile phones became available to the public． The streets of modem cities began to feature sharp-suited characters shouting into giant plastic bricks． In Britain the mobile phone quickly became the same with the "yuppie" , the new type of young urban professionals who carried the expensive handsets as status symbols． Around this time many of us said that we would never own a mobile phone．
But in the mid-90s, something happened． Cheaper handsets and cheaper calling rates meant that, almost overnight, it seemed that everyone had a mobile phone． And the giant plastic bricks of the 80s had changed into smooth little objects that fitted nicely into pockets and bags．
Moreover, people' s timekeeping changed． Younger readers will be amazed to know that, not long ago, people made spoken arrangements to meet at a certain place at a certain time． But later Meeting times became approximate under the new order of communication: the Short Message Service （SMS） or text message． Going to be late? Send a text message! It takes much less effort than arriving on time, and it' s much less awkward than explaining your lateness face to face and the text message has changed the way we write in English． Traditional rules of grammar and spelling are much less important when you' re sitting on the bus, hurriedly typing "Will B 15mm late - C U @ the bar． Sorry! - ）"．
Alexander Graham Bell would be amazed if he could see how far the science of telephony has progressed in less than 150 years．If he were around today, he might say "That' s gr8! But I' m v busy rite now．Will call U 2nite．"
小題1:What does the underlined part in Para． 2 refer to?
A．Houses of modern cities．B．Sharp-suited characters．
C．New type of professionals．D．Mobile phones．
小題2:According to Paragraph 4, why did Meeting times become approximate?
A．People were more likely to be late for their meeting．
B．SMS made it easier to inform each other．
C．Young people don' t like unchanging things．
D．Traditional customs were dying out．
小題3:If you want to meet your friend at the school gate this evening, which of the following message can you send him?
A．Call U@ SKUg8 2nite．B．IM2BZ2CU 2nite．
C．CU@ the bar g8 2nite．D．W84U@ SKUg8 2nite．
小題4:What does the passage mainly tell us about?
A．Alexander Graham' s invention．
B．SMS @ a new way of communication．
C．New functions of the mobile telephone．
D．The development of the mobile phone．

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

An Ofsted (英國教育標(biāo)準(zhǔn)辦公室）study reports that teachers are discouraging students who want to leave school and work as apprentices (學(xué)徒）in beauty salons (美容中心）or hair dressers.
　　Inspectors questioned 105 young people for a report on apprenticeships published on Wednesday. They found several examples of young people who felt they had been laughed at by their teachers for wanting to progress to work-based learning, particularly in care or hairdressing, rather than stay on at school.
　　Right or wrong, is it any surprise that this is happening? From 2014，the government will measure schools according to the rate of their pupils who go to university. Brian Lightman , general secretary of the Association of School and College Leaders, says the government has already put teachers under “very great pressure to focus on academic subjects”
　　On the other hand, the Education Act 2011，which came into force in November, places schools under a duty to give fair career advice to pupils. This advice must include information on all post-16 education and training choices, including apprenticeships. This doesn’t appear to be happening in several schools, according to Ofsted9S report. Many of the young people the inspectors talked to said the advice they had received on apprenticeships was “unsatisfactory”.
　　Schools were also blamed for lack of work experience courses, which are particularly important for teenagers considering an apprenticeship. They help students decide whether they enjoy a line of work and enable employers to see whether those on work experience have the potential to be hired as apprentices in future years.
　　But there is a good reason why they can’t do this: they’d be unable to adapt to GCSE (英國齊通中等教育證書）exams if they did. Sometimes, it seems, schools just can’t win.
小題1:Why do teachers oppose the students’ leaving school and working as apprentices?
A．The government urges teachers to concentrate on academic subjects.
B．The students are only wasting time working as apprentices.
C．Employers are under great pressure of taking GCSE exams.
D．Employers don’t give students chances to work as apprentices
小題2:Pressure for schools to provide pupils with career advice comes from ______. 
A．Association of School and College Leaders
B．Education Act 2011
C．GCSE exams
D．OFSTED
小題3:The underlined word “They” in Paragraph 5 refers to _____.
A．schools
B．employers
C．work experience courses
D．teenagers considering an apprenticeship
小題4:What does the author think of teachers’ discouraging students working as apprentices?
A．SurprisingB．Understandable
C．WrongD．Right

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

To many web-building spiders, most of whom are nearly blind, the web is their essential window on the world: their means of communicating, capturing prey, meeting mates and protecting themselves. A web-building spider without its web is like a men cast away on an island of solid rock，totally out of touch and destined to starve to death. So important is the web to an orb-web spider's survival that the animal will continue to construct new webs daily even if it is being starved. For 16 days the starving spider builds completely normal webs. Then, as the animal gets scrawnier, it constructs a wider-meshed （網(wǎng)孔、網(wǎng)眼）web using fewer strands（線）. Such webs would only trap larger prey, which is more economical from the perspective of a starving spider. The spider stores energy by recycling web protein. It simply eats its own web each evening and reuses it to produce new silk. In studies with radioactivity, labeled materials, it was found that 95 percent of web protein reappears in the next day web. Most of the energy needed for web-building is used in walking over the strands as they are laid down. Scientists are impressed by the adaptability of the spider's highly preprogrammed brain, which is larger for its size than the brain of any other invertebrate（無脊推動物）. If web-building is interrupted, or if some of the existing strands are destroyed, the spider simply goes back to see where the web is left off and then finishes building a normal web. One spider will finish building the incomplete web of another.
小題1:Which of the following best expresses the main ideas of the passage?
A．Secrets of Spiders' Adaptability
B．Importance of Webs to Spiders
C．Secrets of the Spiders' Life
D．Spiders' Highly Preprogrammed Brain
小題2:According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．Most spiders will stop conducting webs when hungry.
B．One Web-building spider usually conducts one web.
C．Web-building spiders will probably die without their webs.
D．Web-building spiders have good eyesight.
小題3:The underlined word “scrawnier” in the second paragraph probably means ______. 
A．weaker but good-looking
B．fatter and stronger
C．nice and healthier
D．thinner and bony
小題4:A spider's ability to finish an incomplete web proves that ______.
A．it has a highly preprogrammed brain
B．it reuses its web protein to reproduce new silk
C．the web is everything for a spider
D．it is able to rebuild a destroyed web

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

John Davis doesn’t use his GPS system in his car. Instead of guiding the direction, the Delaware farmer uses it to determine where and how much fertilizer to use on the crops on his 4,000-acre family-owned farm. Technological advances like that last year helped Davis and other Ohio farmers set a record for corn product. Ohio's corn crop in 2009 totaled 546 million bushels(蒲式耳), despite a cooler and wetter than normal spring, a dry summer and a delayed, wet harvest. Davis said. “I knew it would be a good crop, but it was much better than we expected.”
A farmer can map his fields on GPS, spotting where soil turned out to be least fertile（肥沃的） and using more fertilizer the next year in those areas where corn didn’t grow as well.
Although Ohio farmers produced more corn, it was grown on less land than in the past years. Total area used for corn in Ohio was 3.35 million acres, about the same as in 2008 but down from 3.85 million acres in 2007, said Dwayne Siekman, director of the Ohio Corn Growers Association. “When you look at the total number of acres in Ohio used for corn, it’s clear that farmers are able to do more with less,” he said. “American farmers can grow five times more corn on 20 percent less land than they did in the 1930s, saying that modern farming techniques are necessary for a growing demand in the world today.” That technology includes using improved seeds that can withstand(忍受) greater temperature extremes and pests, Siekman said.
Farmers aren't the only ones who benefit. Consumers(消費(fèi)者) do, too, as food costs reduce in the face of “enough supplies of corn,” said Fred Yoder, who runs a 1,500-acre corn, soybean and wheat farm in Plain City. “This is the best, highest-producing corn crop that I've raised in 30 years,” he said.
小題1:Most people usually use the GPS system for ______.
A．driving their cars
B．telling the position
C．mending the car
D．supplying the sunshine
小題2:The farmers in Ohio use GPS to ______.
A．check if the soil is fertile in some areas
B．control the rain of the place
C．water the crops if the weather is dry
D．draw the map of all the crops
小題3:Why did Ohio farmers produce more corn?
A．Because they expanded more land to grow corn
B．Because they turned to technological advances
C．Because they used more and more fertilizer.
D．Because they supplies themselves with more money.
小題4: From the passage, we can know _____.[
A．John Davis hadn’t expected a good harvest.
B．farmers grew less land than in the 1930s
C．improved seeds cost much more money
D．the output of corn in the same field is increased.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

I heard many parents complaining that their teenage children are rebelling（叛逆）．I wish it were so．At your age you ought to be growing away from your parents．You should be learning to stand on your own feet．But take a good look at the present rebellion．It seems that teenagers are taking the same way of showing that they disagree with their parents．Instead of striking out boldly on their own, most of them are clutching(緊握）at one another's hands for reassurance．
They claim they want to dress as they please．But they all wear the same clothes. Then set off in new directions in music．But somehow they all end up with listening to the same record together．Their reason for thinking or acting in thus-and-such a way is that many people are doing it．They have come out of their cocoon（繭） into a larger cocoon．
It has become harder and harder for a teenager to stand up against the popularity wave and go his or her own way．Industry has firmly carved out a teenage market．These days every teenager can learn from the advertisements what a teenager should have and be． 
And many of today's parents have come to award high marks for the popularity of their children．All this adds to a great barrier(障礙） for the teenager who wants to find his or her own path．
But the barrier is worth climbing over．The path is worth following, You may want to listen to classical music instead of going to a party．You may want to collect rocks when everyone else is collecting records．You may have some thoughts 'that you don't care to share with your classmates at once, well, go to it．Find yourself．Popularity will come-with the people who respect you for who you are．That is the only kind of popularity that really counts．
小題1:In this passage, the author wants to tell         .
A．teenagers how to learn to decide things for themselves
B．readers how to be popular with people around
C．parents how to control and guide their children
D．people how to understand and respect each other
小題2:According to the author, many teenagers think they are brave enough to act on their own, but in fact, most of them            ．
A．have much difficulty understanding each other
B．lack confidence
C．dare not cope with （處理） problems single-handed
D．a(chǎn)re much afraid of getting lost
小題3:Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A．There is no popularity that really counts．
B．What many parents are doing is helping their children find their own paths．
C．It is bad for a teenager to disagree with his or her classmates．
D．Most teenagers claim that they want to do what they like to, but they are actually doing the same．
小題4:What does the author think of advertisements?
A．Convincing．B．Influential.
C．Instructive．D．Authoritative（權(quán)威的）．
小題5:During the teenage years, one should learn to       .
A．differ from others in as many ways as possible
B．get into the right reason and become popular
C．find one's real self
D．rebel against parents and the popularity wave

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

(The Guardian)：              More UK universities should be profiting from ideas
　　A repeated criticism of the UK's university sector is its noticeable weakness in translating new knowledge into new products and services.
　　Recently, the UK National Stem Cell Network warned the UK could lose its place among the world leaders in stem cell research unless adequate funding and legislation could be assured, despite an annual £40m spent by the Department of Health on all kinds of research.
　　However, we do have to challenge the unthinking complaint that the sector does not do enough in taking ideas to market. The most recent comparative data on the performance of universities and research institutions in Australia, Canada, USA and UK shows that, from a relatively weak starting position, the UK now leads on many indicators of commercialization activity.
　　When viewed at the national level, the policy interventions (interference) of the past decade have helped transformed the performances of UK universities. Evidence suggests the UK's position is much stronger than in the recent past and is still showing improvement. But national data masks the very large variation in the performance of individual universities. The evidence shows that a large number of universities have fallen off the back of the pack, a few perform strongly and the rest chase the leaders.
　　This type of uneven distribution is not strange to the UK and is mirrored across other economies. In the UK, research is concentrated: less than 25% of universities are receiving 75% of the research funding. These same universities are also the institutions producing the greatest share of PhD graduates, science citations, patents and license income. The effect of policies generating long-term resource concentration has also created a distinctive set of universities which are research-led and commercially active. It seems clear that the concentration of research and commercialization work creates differences between universities.
　　The core objective for universities which are research-led must be to maximize the impact of their research efforts. Their purpose is not to generate funds to add to the bottom line of the university or to substitute other income streams. Rather, these universities should be generating the widest range of social, economic and environmental benefits. In return for the scale of investment, they should share their expertise (expert knowledge or skill) in order to build greater confidence in the sector.
　　Part of the economic recovery of the UK will be driven by the next generation of research commercialization spilling out of our universities. On the evidence presented in my report, there are three dozen universities in the UK which are actively engaged in advanced research training and commercialization work.
　　If there was a greater coordination（協(xié)調(diào)）of technology transfer offices within regions and a simultaneous (happening at the same time) investment in the scale and functions of our graduate schools, universities could, and should, play a key role in positioning the UK for the next growth cycle.
小題1:What does the author think of UK universities in terms of commercialization?
A．They have lost their leading position in many ways.
B．They still have a place among the world leaders.
C．They do not regard it as their responsibility.
D．They fail to change knowledge into money.
小題2:What does the author say about the national data on UK universities’ performance in commercialization?
A．It masks the fatal weaknesses of government policy.
B．It indicates their ineffective use of government resources.
C．It does not rank UK universities in a scientific way.
D．It does not reflect the differences among universities.
小題3:We can infer from Paragraph 5 that “policy interventions (in Paragraph 4)” refers to _____.
A．concentration of resources in a limited number of universities
B．compulsory cooperation between universities and industries
C．government aid to non-research-oriented universities
D．fair distribution of funding for universities and research institutions
小題4:What dose the author suggest research-led universities do?
A．Fully use their research to benefit all sectors of society.
B．Generously share their facilities with those short of funds.
C．Advertise their research to win international recognition.
D．Spread their influence among top research institutions.

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