BEIJING—As China scrambles to respond to the choking smog that has blanketed Beijing in recent weeks, authorities in several major cities are experimenting with carbon trading platforms. The schemes are one effort to get control over greenhouse gases in an economy still hungry for cheap energy.
It has been a persistent concern in recent years, but the spiking pollution levels in January are sparking a public outcry.
Emissions from coal-fired electricity plants and busy factories are part of the problem that officials hope to get control over through carbon trading platforms. Seven cities are expected to open carbon markets later this year, including Tianjin.
“The government has decided to start with programs because the carbon trading is something new to China,” said David Tang, secretary of the board of the Tianjin Carbon Exchange. “So we want to have a number of programs to explore the use of the market.” said Tang.
China wants to launch a national carbon trading program by 2016. If it is successful, analysts say, the program would be one of the largest in the world and would help the country meet its target of cutting carbon dioxide emissions by 45 percent within seven years.
The platforms allow companies to earn credits for lowering greenhouse gas emissions, which can then be traded. If it works, it would encourage for-profit businesses to invest in green technology.
As public concern builds pressure for the government to find a solution, Wu Changhua, greater China director of the Climate Group, says there is a broad shift under way in how Chinese weigh their quality of life.
China has long put economic growth ahead of environmental concerns, making it the world’s biggest polluter. Carbon trading supporters hope that the markets could be one way to curb pollution and keep the economy growing.
【小題1】Which of the following is TRUE about carbon trading platforms?

A．They are used to trade various resources.
B．They caused the choking smog in China.
C．They have been in existence for many years in China.
D．The choking smog may promote their development.
【小題2】The underlined word in Paragraph 1 means “ ______”.
A．to make blanketB．to cover somethingC．to make something emptyD．to be like a blanket
【小題3】Tang’s attitude towards carbon markets is ______.
A．unknownB．indifferentC．optimisticD．pessimistic
【小題4】What can we infer from the passage?
A．China will have built a national carbon trading program by 2016.
B．Chinese have lived a life of high quality in all aspects.
C．The markets could slow the development of economy.
D．Standards of life will be changed in China.
【小題5】What's the main idea of this passage?
A．The choking smoke in China.B．The urge for carbon trading platforms.
C．Greenhouse gases.D．The world’s biggest polluter.


【小題1】D
【小題2】B
【小題3】C
【小題4】D
【小題5】B

解析試題分析：文章介紹北京籠罩的大霧導(dǎo)致北京開啟碳交易平臺(tái)，文章介紹開啟碳交易平臺(tái)帶來的好處，不僅可以治理污染，也可以給經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來發(fā)展。
【小題1】細(xì)節(jié)題：從第一段的句子：As China scrambles to respond to the choking smog that has blanketed Beijing in recent weeks, authorities in several major cities are experimenting with carbon trading platforms..可知濃霧促進(jìn)了它們的發(fā)展，選D
【小題2】猜詞題：從第一段的句子：As China scrambles to respond to the choking smog that has blanketed Beijing in recent weeks,可知是最近幾周籠罩北京的濃霧。Blanket=cover，選B
【小題3】細(xì)節(jié)題：從第四段的句子：So we want to have a number of programs to explore the use of the market.” said Tang.可知Tang對這個(gè)平臺(tái)是樂觀的態(tài)度。選C
【小題4】推理題：從最后一段的句子：Carbon trading supporters hope that the markets could be one way to curb pollution and keep the economy growing.可知中國人的生活水平會(huì)有所提高，選D
【小題5】主旨題：從第一段的句子：authorities in several major cities are experimenting with carbon trading platforms. The schemes are one effort to get control over greenhouse gases in an economy still hungry for cheap energy.可知這篇文章講的是中國開啟碳交易平臺(tái)的強(qiáng)烈要求。選B
考點(diǎn)：考查環(huán)保類短文

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

Having a child may improve a woman’s memory, a new study suggests.
In the study, women who were new mothers scored better on tests of visuospatial memory – the ability to understand and remember information about their surroundings—compared with women who didn’t have children.
The findings contradicts the old belief that women develop“baby brain" or a decline in memory and cognitive(認(rèn)知的) function, after they have kids, said study researcher Melissa Santiago, a doctoral student at Carlos Albizu University in Miami. “You don’t have to feel that because you have kids, your memory isn’t the same," Santiago said.
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Later, the women were shown a variety of different symbols, and asked to remember which ones were presented on the earlier task. Mothers did not make a mistake in this task—they remembered every symbol correctly—but those without children made one or two errors, Santiago said.
【小題1】 How did Santiago lead to the findings?

A．By observation.
 		B．By comparison.
 
C．By analyzing intelligence tests.
 		D．By asking women questions.
 
【小題2】By saying “The study was small", what did Santiago mean?
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B．The study has just started.
 
C．The study was carried out among a small group of people.
 
D．A small group of researchers were involved in the study.
 
【小題3】Which of the following was discussed in the text?
A．Ways to test visuospatial memory.
 
B．Why having kids improves memory.
 
C．How young mothers are different from never-pregnant women.
 
D．The negative effects that worries of women without children have.
 
【小題4】 It can be inferred that Santiago believe the findings of the study_________.
A．may cause a heated discussion among parents
 
B．may cause an increase in the birth rate
 
C．a(chǎn)re tested by previous similar studies
 
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[3] The age of technology constantly creates new phones, iPods, or new computers.  Many will stand in line for hours if not days to get their hands on the new piece of technology, but what happens with the old ones once they are replaced?  Nothing, according to Earth911 about 75% of the old devices sit in the back of a drawer collecting dust.  By taking them to the local stores that collect them, they go to poor people which in turn removes them from landfills(垃圾填埋場) where the phones explode because of the lead and lithium-ion(鋰離子) the phones contain.
2. Go vegetarian one day a week
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[5] The United States would save 70 million gallons of gas which is enough to fuel all the cars of Canada and Mexico combined and still have some to spare. The United States could prevent 3 million tons of soil erosion(侵蝕), 4.5 million tons of animal wastes, and about 7 tons of ammonia emissions (氨排放). The Environmental Defense concludes with the most interesting fact: if the entire population gives up one meal of chicken, the amount of carbon dioxide accumulated would be the same amount if more than half a million cars were taken off U.S. roads.
3. 第6題
[6] Most drink bottled water because of the common view that bottled water is healthier than regular tap water; actually, 25% of bottled water comes from regular tap water and all that is done extra is it going through a filter(過濾器).  Tap water has higher regulations from the FDA (Food and Drug Administration美國食品藥品管理局) than bottled water does.  Companies do not need to list where they got the water from, how they purify the water, or what chemicals their plastic water bottles contain.  Plastic bottles do not get recycled 90% of the time which results in 1.5 million tons of plastic in landfills which take thousands of years to rot.  Not only are you drinking the same water as that in your house but also paying extra.  The average 24-pack of bottled water cost $3.97 at the local Wal-Mart and a reusable water bottle cost between $4.99-$7.99; just imagine how much money could be saved if reusable water bottles replaced plastic water bottles.
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A．Ways to protect environment. B．Ways to become powerful.
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【小題2】What’s the meaning of the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1?
A．Changing the world involves many questions.
B．It’s not easy to change the world.
C．Changing the world is not so difficult.
D．We can actually do everything.
【小題3】How much of the daily newspapers are thrown away according to Paragraph 2?
A．About 44%. B．About 63%. C．About 70%. D．About 75%.
【小題4】 In the article, the writer _____ to tell us the benefits of the vegetarian lifestyle.
A．does a lot of reasoning B．uses many facts
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C．More animals would survive. D．More cars would be on the roads.
【小題6】Which of the following can be the subtitle(小標(biāo)題) of Paragraph 6?
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C．Give up bottled water D．Reuse tap water
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B．They think it’s healthier.
C．They think it’s more fashionable.
D．They think it’s environmental friendly.
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A．We should find a proper time to start action
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A．The growing demand for energy to make ethanol
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For medical students, real experience begins not in a classroom but at a teaching hospital. These doctors in training are guided. But sometimes accidents happen and the students get injured.
For example, they might stick themselves with a needle while treating patients. Such needle sticks are common. But a recent study found that medical students often fail to report them. Failing to report an injury like this can be dangerous if a patient, or a medical worker, has an infectious disease.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, did the study, which involved a survey answered by almost 700 surgeons in training in the United States.
Almost 60% said they had suffered needle stick injuries when they were in medical school. Many said they were stuck more than once. Yet nearly half of those whose most recent incident happened in school did not report it to a health office. If they had, they would have been tested to see if they needed treatment to prevent an infection like HIV or hepatitis.
Most known cases of HIV or hepatitis are reported, but other possible infections often are not. Martin Makary, the lead author of the study, says medical students who are stuck put themselves and others in danger from infectious diseases.
Doctor Makary said, "A needle that goes through the skin needs to be as sharp as possible.” Doctors in training may have to do hundreds of stitches (縫線) in some cases to close the skin after an operation.
Doctor Makary said, “I support using blunt tip needles which are considered safer. This needle is still sharp enough to go through body tissue, but it does have a blunt tip, so that if it accidentally goes into my finger, it's much less likely to hurt me."
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The study advises doctors to protect their hands by wearing two sets of gloves. It also urges hospitals to establish a special telephone number for medical workers and students to call if they are injured. The idea is for hospitals to send a clear message that there is no reason not to report this kind of accident.
【小題1】It is dangerous for medical students not to report needle stick injuries because _________.

A．they don’t know how to treat themselves.
B．they may meet more needle sticks
C．it may cause some diseases
D．it may make patients sad.
【小題2】If they report needle stick injuries, medical students will __________.
A．receive treatment B．be forbidden to use sharp needles
C．spend more time on training D．receive tests
【小題3】The underlined word “blunt” in Paragraph 7 is the closest in meaning to “__________”.
A．not sharp B．not safe C．not long D．not thick
【小題4】What do we know from the passage?
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【小題1】From Paragraph 1, we can learn that           

A．Rain has contained gases when it forms in the clouds
B．Dust and microbes are dissolved in rain when rain falls on the ground
C．The closer rain is to the ground, the more impure things it contains
D．Sand and mud are things rain collects when it falls through the air
【小題2】According to Paragraph 2 ,the following statements are wrong except that        
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B．some diseases can spread through drinking water if it is not clean
C．Water is safe to drink if only harmful microbes are removed from it
D．it is the govrnment’s responsibility to make drinking water clean
【小題3】What can we know about man-made lakes?
A．It is used through the whole process of purification
B．Only rain water can be collected and stored in it
C．Water collected can be stored and filtered in it
D．Water from them contains a lot of impure substances
【小題4】What is the function of the chemical substance chlorine?
A．to air the water B．to catch tiny things
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【小題5】What is probably this passage?
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

Scientists know of more than 1,000 volcanoes on the surface of Venus, Earth’s “sister” planet. A big question has been: Are they still active? The scientists say yes.
Their evidence for recent volcanic activity on Venus comes from a lava(熔巖) flow in the planet’s northern hemisphere. The flow is hotter than the rocks around, which means the lava might still be cooling off. “The flow we studied seems to be very young---it is still warm inside,” Nataliya Bondarenko said.
Venus is a difficult planet to study from Earth because it is surrounded by thick clouds. Telescopes on Earth can’t see through these clouds, so the best information about Venus comes from spacecraft orbiting it.
Bondarenko and her colleagues studied the lava flow using data from NASA’s Magellan mission. That spacecraft spent four years in orbit around Venus and used radar to make a map of 98 percent of the planet’s surface. On October 11th, 1994, the mission ended, and the spacecraft plunged (跌落) through Venus’ heavy cloud cover and crashed onto the planet below.
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A．It was floating in space forever.
B．It flew into heavy clouds.
C．It returned to the Earth.
D．It fell onto Venus.
【小題2】How could Bondarenko judge the temperature of the Venus?
A．By looking at it with a powerful telescope.
B．By measuring the thickness of clouds over Venus.
C．By calculating the microwave bouncing off Venus’s surface.
D．By orbiting Venus for 4 years in a spacecraft.
【小題3】The best title for the passage may be “______ ”.
A．Warm lava on Venus
B．More volcanic eruptions on Venus
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

Have you ever wondered why birds sing? Maybe you thought that they were just happy. After all, you probably sing or whistle when you are happy.
Some scientists believe that birds do sing some of the time just because they are happy. However, they sing most of the time for a very different reason. Their singing is actually a warning to other birds to stay out of their territory.
Do you know what a “territory” is? A territory is an area that an animal, usually the male, claims as its own .Only he and his family are welcome there. No other families of the same species are welcome. Your yard and house are your territory where only your family and friends are welcome. If a stranger should enter your territory and threaten you, you might shout. Probably this would be enough to frighten him away.
If so, you have actually scared the stranger away without having to fight him. A bird does the same thing. But he expects an outsider almost any time, especially at nesting season. So he is screaming all the time, whether he can see an outsider or not. This screaming is what we call a bird’s song, and it is usually enough to keep an outsider away.
Birds sing loudest in the spring when they are trying to attract a mate and warn others not to enter the territory of theirs.
You can see that birds have a language all their own. Most of it has to do with attracting mates and setting up territories.
【小題1】What is a bird‘s “territory”？

A．A place where families of other species are not accepted.
B．A place where a bird may shout at the top of its voice.
C．An area for which birds fight against each other.
D．An area which a bird considers to be its own
【小題2】.Why do birds keep on singing at nesting season？
A．Because they want to invite more friends.
B．Because their singing helps frighten outsiders away.
C．Because they want to find outsiders around.
D．Because their singing helps get rid of their fears.
【小題3】How does the writer explain birds‘ singing？
A．By comparing birds with human beings. B．By reporting experiment results.
C．By describing birds’ daily life. D．By telling

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

All around the world, shoppers flock to Wal-Mart to buy everything. In Texas, they come for another reason: to see the wind turbine（渦輪機(jī)）, which supplies 5% of the store’s electricity. It along with other facilities, such as exterior walls coated with heat-reflective paint, makes this Wal-Mart a green giant.
The laws of economics suggest that Wal-Mart, with 5, 200 stores worldwide, influences everything including the price of all kinds of goods. It throws its weight behind environmental responsibility, and the impact could be amazing. “One little change in product packaging could save 1, 500 trees,” says Wal-Mart CEO Lee Scott．“If everybody saves 1, 500 trees or 50 barrels of oil, at the end of the day you have made a huge difference.”
Scott wants Wal-Mart to do its part too. He has promised to cut the existing greenhouse-gas emissions（排放）over the next few years and promised to construct new stores that are more efficient. He wants Wal-Mart’s fleet of more than 7, 000 trucks to get twice as many miles per gallon by 2015. Factories that show Wal-Mart they’re cutting air pollution will get preferential treatment in the supply chain. Wal-Mart says it’s working with consumer-product manufacturers to reduce their packaging and will reward them if they do so.
Some people may doubt it is a bid to attract attention from Wal-Mart’s controversial labor and health-insurance practices. But it’s not just window dressing, because Wal-Mart sees profits in                                                                                         going green. Scott says, “This is a business philosophy, not a social philosophy. We don’t go where we don’t think there’s a great interest in change.”
Like Bill Gates, who started his charitable foundation, Scott happens to be promoting Wal-Mart’s image at a time when his company’s reputation is declining. He acknowledges that he launched the plan partly to shield （保護(hù)）Wal-Mart from bad press about its contribution to global warming. “By doing what we’re doing today, we avoid the headline risks that are going to come for people who did not do anything,” he says. “At some point businesses will be held responsible for the action they take.” Meanwhile, should Wal-Mart succeed in shrinking its environmental footprint and lowering prices for green products, both the planet and the company will profit.
【小題1】 We can infer from the passage that ______.

A．Lee Scott is Wal-Mart’s CEO
B．there are 5, 200 stores in the world
C．Wal-Mart has a great influence on the world market
D．Wal-Mart has more than 7, 000 trucks all over the world
【小題2】 What will Wal-Mart probably do in the future?
A．Reduce air pollution in its present stores.
B．Give favorable treatment to its consumers.
C．Ask the factories to reduce their packaging.
D．Demand the fleet of trucks to use more fuel than before.
【小題3】 What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A．Provide the background of the green plan.
B．Stress the purpose of Wal-Mart’s green plan.
C．Present the risk that Wal-Mart is facing nowadays.
D．Analyze the similarity between Bill Gates and Scott.

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