When it comes to social behaviour，mammals are in a league of their own.Some birds may form pairs，or even cooperate to hunt，but the complexity (復(fù)雜性) of their relationships can hardly compare to those within a school of dolphins，a herd of elephants or a group of humans.What makes mammalian social groups different from a flock of starlings or a shoal of fish，is that in many cases the individuals could recognize each other.Although we may think that  all elephants look pretty much the same，we can easily tell individuals of our own species apart and it has become clear through studies that the same is true of other species.Dolphins have their own signature whistles that act like “names”，and elephants can recognize and greet other individuals they have known but not seen for many years.This is something that only a few species of birds appear to be able to do.
Mammals in complex social groups not only recognize each other as individuals，but also they remember a lot of information about that individual.Social groups often rely on this memory—such as knowing who is dominant to whom，who is related to whom，and who has done what to whom in the past.It’s like remembering who you have lent money to or done a favour for，and who hasn’t repaid that money or has talked about you behind your back.You have to learn who to trust，who your friends are，and who to watch out for.
All this remembering goes on in a particular part of the brain called the neocortex (大腦皮層)．If you compare the size of a mammal’s social group with the size of this part of the brain，you will find they are remarkably closely related.This area seems to take a long time to develop fully and animals in which it is very large take a very  long time to grow up to adulthood.During this time，the youngster has to learn all the rules of social behaviour in their group and to piece together all  the relationships between the group members：Knowledge that will be needed to avoid getting into trouble.
【小題1】What is special about a mammalian social group according to the passage?

A．All the individuals cooperate to hunt.
B．The individuals can communicate with each other.
C．The individuals can recognize each other.
D．The individuals form closer relationship.
【小題2】The passage suggests that elephants________.
A．a(chǎn)re cleverer than dolphins
B．can recognize other species
C．may mistake a member for another
D．have good memories
【小題3】Animals whose area of the neocortex is large________.
A．will have a long period of time before they become adults
B．will spend a shorter time learning the necessary knowledge
C．will learn the necessary knowledge much more easily
D．will have more difficulty in growing up as adults
【小題4】If the neocortex is larger，the animals________.
A．can live a longer life
B．have a smaller social group
C．have a larger social group
D．have a greater body size


【小題1】C
【小題2】D
【小題3】A
【小題4】C

解析【小題1】　C
解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段第三句可知，哺乳動(dòng)物的一大特點(diǎn)是，一個(gè)群體中的每個(gè)個(gè)體都能辨認(rèn)出其他的個(gè)體。
【小題2】　D
解析　推理判斷題。文章第一段倒數(shù)第二句說明，大象如果彼此認(rèn)識(shí)，即使它們多年不見，但重新見面后也能認(rèn)出對(duì)方互相打招呼，這說明它們記憶力很好。
【小題3】　A
解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章最后一段第三句可知，如果一個(gè)動(dòng)物的大腦皮層很大，那么它成年所需的時(shí)間也就更長(zhǎng)。
【小題4】　C
解析　推理判斷題。由文章最后一段可知，動(dòng)物大腦皮層部位的大小與它群體的大小存在正相關(guān)的關(guān)系。故大腦皮層大，對(duì)應(yīng)的社會(huì)群體也大。

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

Swiss International Air lines（SWISS）will introduce daily non-stop flights between Beijing and Zurich．
The new service to the financial center of Switzerland is expected to start on Dec．12,2012，which marks an expansion of services for the Chinese market．In May 2008，SWISS already started direct flights to Shanghai．
The first flight to Europe has a special price of 2,680 yuan，which does not include taxes and fuel surcharges．
“I am delighted the airlines of Switzerland can contribute to growing economic ties between the two countries with new daily flights scheduled，”says SWISS CEO Harry Hohmeister．
“We are witnessing a growing demand for tourist travel in both directions．”
Apart from Shanghai and Hong Kong，Beijing will be the third Chinese destination for SWISS．
The new route marks a return to Beijing for SWISS：the airlines previously flew to the Chinese capital as late as June 2003．
SWISS will initially operate its new daily non-stop Beijing-Zurich flights with an Airbus A340-300（219 seats）and Airbu: A330-300（236 seats）air-crafts．
The modem SWISS business class offers the most suitable comforts since the seats can be adjusted into a two-meter-long bed．
Seating firmness and softness can be adjusted thanks to air cushions．
With the introduction of the new SWISS service from Beijing，the Lufthansa Group Airlines may attract more Chinese customers when traveling to Europe．
SWISS．Lufthansa and Austrian Airlines already connect five Chinese cities with Europe and beyond．
This airlines group is the leading European airlines network in the Chinese market．
In the summer of 2011，the Lufthansa Group operated 78 weekly flights from China including Hong Kong to Europe．
SWISS is part of the Lufthansa Group as well as a member of the Star Alliance，the world's biggest airlines grouping．
【小題1】According to the passage，from Dec．12,2012，      ．

A．it will only take us a day to fly from Beijing to Zurich
B．we can fly directly from Beijing to Zurich
C．the first flight from Beijing to Europe will only cost you 2,680 yuan
D．the direct flight to Shanghai started by SWISS will be canceled
【小題2】Why is the new flight added?
A．SWISS wants to offer good service to Chinese people．
B．SWISS wants to contribute to growing economic ties between the two countries
C．There is a growing demand for tourist travel in both directions．
D．SWISS wants to create more opportunity for people to work．
【小題3】What's special about the Airbus of the new flight?
A．The Airbus can carry more passengers than other planes．
B．The seats in it can be adjusted into comfortable beds．
C．It offers all kinds of services for passengers to choose from．
D．It has two kinds of air cushions on its seats．
【小題4】What's the right relation between SWISS，Lufthansa and Austrian Airlines?
A．SWISS is the customer of the Lufthansa Group Airlines
B．Austrian Airlines is a part of SWISS．
C．SWISS is part of the Lufthansa Group．
D．SWISS belongs to Austrian Airlines．
【小題5】What is the passage mainly about?
A．SWISS already started direct flights to Shanghai．
B．SWISS adds direct flights from Beijing to Europe．
C．Beijing will be the third Chinese destination for SWISS．
D．SWISS is the world's biggest airlines grouping．

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解


閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
A
Shakespeare's Birthplace and Exhibition of Shakespeare's World
Welcome to the world-famous house where William Shakespeare was born in 1564 and where he grew up. The property(房產(chǎn))remained in the ownership of
Shakespeare’s family until 1806.The House has welcomed visitors traveling  from all over the word ,for over 250 years.
Enter though the Visitors’ Centre and see the highly-praised exhibition Shakespeare’s World, a lively and full introduction to the life and work of  Shakespeare.
Stand in the rooms-where Shakespeare grew up.
Discover examples of furniture and needle work from Shakespeare’s period.
Enjoy the traditional(傳統(tǒng)的)English garden, planted with trees and flowers mentioned in the poet’s works.
pThe Birthplace is within easy walking distance of all the car parks shown on the map; nearest is Windsor Street(3 minutes’ walk).
The House may present difficulties but the Visitors’ Centre, its exhibition, and the garden are accessible(可進(jìn)入的)to wheelchair user.
 The Shakespeare Coffee House (opposite the Birthplace).

ADMISSION:
Adult ￡4.90
Child ￡2.20
Family ￡12.0
(2 adults +up to 3 children)
OPENING TIMES:
20 Mar to 19 Oct
Mon to Sat: 9:00am to 5:00pm
Sun:9:30am to 5:00pm
20 Oct to 19Mar
Mon to Sat:9:30am to 4:00pm
Sun:10:00am to 4:00pm
OPENING TIMES:
20 Mar to 19 Oct
Mon to Sat: 9:00am to 5:00pm
Sun:9:30am to 5:00pm
20 Oct to 19Mar
Mon to Sat:9:30am to 4:00pm
Sun:10:00am to 4:00pm
 
【小題1】. How much is the admission for a family of two grown-ups and two children?
A．＄9.80 B．＄12.00 C．＄14.20 D．＄16.40
【小題2】 Where is the nearest parking place to Shakespeare’s Birthplace?
A．Behind the exhibition hall.
B．Opposite the Visitors’ Centre.
C．At Windsor street.
D．Near the Coffee House.
【小題3】 A wheelchair user may need help to enter         .
A. the House     B the garden    C. the Visitor’s Centre    D. the exhibition hall

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

Plants may not have eyes and ears，but they can recognize their siblings (兄弟姐妹)，and researchers at the University of Delaware have discovered how.The ID system lies in the roots and the chemical signals they secrete (分泌)．
Canadian researchers published that sea rocket，a common seashore plant，can recognize its siblings.Susan Dudley observed that when siblings are grown next to each other in the soil，they “play nice” and don’t send out more roots to compete.However，the moment one of the plants is thrown in with strangers，it begins competing with them by rapidly growing more roots to take up the water and mineral nutrients in the soil.
After reading Dudley’s study，Bais decided to find the method behind the sibling recognition.Working in his laboratory，Bais and his doctoral student Meredith Biedrzycki set up a study with wild populations of Arabidopsis thaliana.In a series of experiments，young seedlings were exposed to liquid media containing the root secretions from siblings，from strangers，or only their own secretions.The length of the longest lateral (側(cè)面的) root was measured.The exposure of plants to the root secretions of strangers induced (引誘) greater lateral root formation than exposure of plants to sibling secretions.Strangers planted next to each other are often shorter，because so much of their energy is directed at root growth.Because siblings aren’t competing against each other，their roots are often much shallower (淺的)．
Biedrzycki did the painstaking laboratory research，observing more than 3,000 plants involved in the study every day for seven continuous days and documenting the root patterns.“Arabidopsis roots are nearly translucent (半透明的) when they are young and were also twisted when I removed them from plates，”Biedrzycki notes.“This manuscript (手稿) is very important for my research since the focus of my thesis project is understanding the biochemical ways behind root secretions.”
The research also may have implications for the home gardener.“Often we’ll put plants in the ground next to each other and when they don’t do well，we blame the local garden center where we bought them or we attribute their failure to a germ，”Bais says.“But maybe there’s more to it than that.”
【小題1】Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?

A．A Great Biology Researcher
B．Plants Recognize Their Siblings
C．Plants’ Roots and Secretions
D．A Research on Plants
【小題2】What encouraged Bais to study the sibling recognition?
A．Sea rocket.
B．Plants’ sensing system.
C．Biedrzycki’s thesis project.
D．Dudley’s study.
【小題3】What does the underlined word “painstaking” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Important. B．Adventurous.
C．Careful. D．Hard­working.
【小題4】What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．The local garden center should be blamed when plants can’t grow well.
B．The local garden center often sells low quality seeds to customers.
C．Plants in the home garden can’t grow well because of the germ and seeds.
D．Competing against strangers，plants in the home garden can’t grow well.

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

Credit cards let people buy things now and pay for them over months or even years.But some people get deep into debt：Some banks have terms and charges that can make it harder for people to pay off that debt.In the United States，there are calls for stronger government supervision of the credit card industry.They_offer_economic_power_at_a_price.In 2004，Americans had about $800 billion in credit card debt.Now they own about $968 billion.
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The central bank，the Federal Reserve，says two­thirds of American banks have recently reported tighter lending requirements.Many people report having their credit limits reduced without warning.
Some lawmakers are concerned that cardholders do not have enough protections from what abusive policies.These include actions like raising interest rates because of an unrelated event.Also，banks may raise the chances of a late payment by changing monthly payment dates for credit cards.
According to a survey,82% of Americans think credit cards provide a valuable service.But a majority,58%，say they do not trust credit card companies.And three out of four think the government should regulate the industry more closely.Three out of four people feel there is always some condition that makes a card less appealing than the company made in scared.And a little more than half say they have had a card that was not as good as they expected.But close to 80% say no one really reads the terms and conditions when they sign up for a credit card.
【小題1】What does the underlined sentence in the first paragraph probably mean?

A．We can enjoy more convenience using credit cards.
B．Credit cards can improve our buying power.
C．We can buy things at lower prices using credit cards.
D．Credit cards bring more card debt as well as convenience.
【小題2】Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text?
A．Banks are making it harder for people to get credit cards.
B．Some people’s credit limits have been reduced.
C．It is more difficult to borrow money from some banks.
D．Banks are receiving more charges from late payments.
【小題3】What can we know from the text?
A．Banks actually prefer to see more late payment.
B．People should be more careful when applying for a credit card.
C．The US government provides better protection for cardholders.
D．The majority of Americans don’t think much of credit cards.
【小題4】What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A．Credit cards are still very well received in America.
B．Credit cards don’t live up to some people’s expectations.
C．Many people don’t believe in credit card companies.
D．The results of a survey about credit cards in Americans.

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

One summer I was driving from my home town of Tahoe City，Calif.，to New Orleans.In the middle of the desert，I came upon a young man standing by the roadside.He had his thumb out and held a gas can in his other hand.I drove right by him.There was a time in the country when you’d be considered a jerk if you passed by somebody in need.Now you are a fool for helping.With gangs，drug addicts，murderers，rapists，thieves lurking everywhere，“I don’t want to get involved” has become a national motto.
Several states later I was still thinking about the hitch­hiker.Leaving him standing in the desert did not bother me so much.What bothered me was how easily I had reached the decision.I never even lifted my foot off the accelerator.
Does anyone stop any more？I wondered.I recalled Blanche DuBois’s famous line：“I have always depended on the kindness of strangers”．Could anyone rely on the kindness of strangers these days？One way to test this would be for a person to journey from coast to coast without any money，relying solely on the good will of his fellow Americans.What kind of Americans would he find？Who would feed him，shelter him，carry him down the road?
The idea intrigued me.
The week I turned 37，I realized that I had never taken a gamble in my life.So I decided to travel from the Pacific to the Atlantic without a penny.It would be a cashless journey through the land of the almighty dollar.I would only accept offers of rides，food and a place to rest my head.My final destination would be Cape Fear in North Carolina，a symbol of all the fears I’d have to conquer during the trip.
I rose early on September 6,1994，and headed for the Golden Gate Bridge with a 50­pound pack on my back and a sign displaying my destination to passing vehicles：“America”．
For six weeks I hitched 82 rides and covered 4,223 miles across 14 states.As I traveled，folks were always warning me about someplace else.In Montana they told me to watch out for the cowboys in Wyoming；in Nebraska they said people would not be as nice as in Iowa.Yet I was treated with kindness everywhere I went.I was amazed by people’s readiness to help a stranger，even when it seemed to run contrary to their own best interests.
【小題1】Why did the author drive past the young man in the desert without stopping?

A．Because he failed to notice this man.
B．Because he was driving too fast.
C．Because he thought the young man didn’t need help.
D．Because he was afraid of being tricked.
【小題2】What was it that made the author upset?
A．Leaving the young man alone in the desert.
B．Being considered a fool.
C．Making the decision of not offering help so easily.
D．Keeping thinking about the young man.
【小題3】The author decided to travel without a penny in order to ________.
A．find out how long he could survive without help
B．go through the great difficulty in surviving unexpected environment
C．find out whether strangers would offer help to him
D．figure out how strangers thought of his plan
【小題4】The following part might probably ________.
A．describe how he fooled the strangers
B．describe how strangers went out their way to help him
C．explain why people refused to help strangers
D．explain how he overcame his difficulties on the way

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

Being in an unfamiliar school can be frightening. If you start a new school, you'll have to worry about making friends. Here are some simple tips which help you make new friends more easily.
·Try speaking to the students you're sitting next to in class. As they're close by, it is easy to chat to them first.
·Try to speak to everyone in your class. You will study here for three years, so it helps if you get along well with them.
·If you don't have many friends in your class, try and make new friends in your neighbor classes. You can also chat to them at lunchtimes and after school.
·Join a lunchtime or afterschool club. You'll get to meet kids of all years that way.
·Ask your teacher to pair you With another student.
·Use your "celebrity status"(名人身份）! Since you're the new person, you'll have got celebrity status, which you can use for a couple of weeks.
·Talk to classmates, remember to smile, and be open and friendly. Don't break in while your classmates are speaking. When your classmates talk to you, you should listen carefully and look at them in the eye to make them feel important.
·As you grow older, it's natural to make new friends and sometimes that means you begin to grow apart from your old friends. So try and make time for all your friends. But what if a friendship group is pushing you out? If this is happening to you, ask someone you're friendly with what has happened .If the friendship is hopeless, try to find new friends.
【小題1】According to the passage, moving to an unfamiliar school is_______.

A．interesting B．exciting C．uncomfortable D．boring
【小題2】What is the purpose of the passage?
A．To explain how to make new friends easily.
B．To show how to be used to new school life．
C．To encourage people to make new friends.
D．To introduce how to live in a new school.
【小題3】It is suggested that you should ________.
A．try to study well to be popular with the classmates
B．try all your best to help your new classmates
C．sit close to a familiar classmate in the classroom
D．catch every opportunity to communicate with others
【小題4】To make your classmates feel that they are important to you, you can
A．smile while talking with them B．watch and listen to them carefully
C．be friendly and open to them D．make use of your celebrity status
【小題5】If a friendship group is leaving you out, you should
A．make your different friends know each other
B．forget them and make new friends at once
C．try to know the reason from a close friend
D．turn to your teachers or parents for help

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

Cyclist Jia Yanmei and a fellow enthusiast covered more than 2,200 kilometers from Beijing to their individual hometowns in Sichuan to celebrate the Lunar New Year with their families, Xu Lin reports.
While others rushed home on high-speed trains or airplanes for the annual Spring Festival, Jia Yanmei spent 16-plus days cycling more than 2,200 kilometers from Beijing to her hometown, Nanchong, Sichuan Province.
Thanks to social media, cycling fans from different cities were able to follow her progress, and some even offered food and accommodation if she happened to be nearby.
“It’s not that I failed to buy my train ticket home. I just want to bring the spirit of cycling to everyone — to do whatever you want to do bravely. As long as you are on the road, you will enjoy yourself, ” says Jia, 26, an English teacher at an educational institution in Beijing.
She started her adventure at 8:30 am on Jan 12, with Wang  Yujiang, 47, who works in architecture in Beijing. A cycling friend introduced them because Wang also wanted to cycle to his hometown, Guangyuan, Sichuan Province.
Jia says    Wang treated her like his  daughter and took care  of her on their way. After Wang arrived in Guangyuan, she cycled two days on her own to reach her home.
“I must say that I admire her. She’s not like others. No matter how tired she is, she can soon recover after meals,” says Wang, who is cycling back from his hometown to Beijing now.
“ I’ve improved myself a lot after the cycling. No matter what difficulties I will meet with in the future, I will
have confidence to face them, ” Jia says.
When she posted her plan   online on Christmas Eve, many cycling fans supported her, lent her equipment and gave her gifts. She updated her social networks, such as Sina Weibo and WeChat, with news of her cycling adventures, as well as a cycling-related applications that recorded her route.
Four days after her departure, one of her friends learned about the    trip in a newspaper and told Jia’s parents. Her mom was so worried about Jia’s safety that she cried and called Jia several times.
【小題1】According to the passage, Jia Yanmei and Wang Yujiang have much in common EXCEPT_______.

A．They shared the same departure time.
B．They work in the same city.
C．They had the same arrival time.
D． They enjoy the same adventurous spirit.
【小題2】She chose to cycle home because _____.
A．Wang Yujiang invited her to keep company
B．Wang Yujiang offered to look after her all the way
C．She couldn’t book a train ticket or air ticket in time
D．She wanted to do what she liked to do bravely
【小題3】Paragraph 3 is used to illustrate  .
A．where she was warmly welcomed
B．what happened to her on the way
C．how cycling fans supported her adventure
D．why social media paid attention to her action
【小題4】Which would be the best title for the passage?
A．The Long Way Home.B．A Cycling Companion.
C．Benefits from Cycling.D．The Power of the Media.

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

Exercise is one of the few factors with a positive role in long-term control of body weight. Unfortunately, that message has not gotten through to the average American, who would rather try switching to "light" beer and low-calorie bread than increase physical efforts. The Centers for Disease Control, for example, found that fewer than one-fourth of overweight adults who were trying to lose weight said they were combining exercise with their diet.
In rejecting exercise, some people may be discouraged too much by caloric-expenditure（熱量消耗）charts; for example, one would have to quickly walk hard three miles just to work off the 275 calories in one delicious Danish pastry(小甜餅). Even exercise professionals accept half a point here. "Exercise by itself is a very tough way to lose weight," says York Onnen, program director of the President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports.
Still, exercise's supporting role in weight reduction is vital. A study at the Boston University Medical Center of overweight police officers and other public employees confirmed that those who dieted without exercise regained almost all their old weight, while those who worked exercise into their daily routine maintained their new weight.
If you have been sedentary (極少活動(dòng)的) and decide to start walking one mile a day, the added exercise could burn an extra 100 calories daily. In a year's time, assuming no increase in food intake, you could lose ten pounds. By increasing the distance of your walks gradually and making other dietary adjustments, you may lose even more weight.
【小題1】What is said about the average American in the passage?

A．They tend to hate "light" beer and low-calorie bread.
B．They usually ignore the effect of exercise on losing weight.
C．Most of them were combining exercise with their diet.
D．They know the actors that play a positive role in keeping down body weight.
【小題2】"Even exercise professionals accept half a point here" means "They       ".
A．a(chǎn)gree that the calories in a small piece of pastry can be easy to work off by exercise
B．partially believe diet plays a supporting role in weight reduction
C．a(chǎn)re not fully convinced that dieting can help maintain one's new weight
D．a(chǎn)re not sufficiently informed of the positive role of exercise in losing weight
【小題3】What was confirmed by the Boston University Medical Center's study?
A．Controlling one's calorie intake is more important than doing exercise.
B．Even occasional exercise can help reduce weight.
C．Weight reduction is impossible without exercise.
D．One could lose ten pounds in a year's time if there's no increase in food intake.
【小題4】What is the author's purpose in writing this article?
A．To stress the importance of maintaining proper weight.
B．To support the statement made by York Onnen.
C．To show the most effective way to lose weight.
D．To introduce the study of the Boston University Medical Center.

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