Question

2．The extraordinary Eastgate Building in Harare，Zimbabwe's capital city，is said to be the only one in the world to use the same cooling and heating principles as the termite mound （白蟻堆）．
Architect Mick Pearce used precisely the same strategy when designing the Eastgate Building，which has no air-conditioning and almost no heating．The building-the country's largest commercial and shopping complex-uses less than 10% of the energy of a conventional building of its size．The Eastgate's owners saved 3.5millionona36 million building because an air-conditioning plant didn't have to be imported．
The complex is actually two buildings linked by bridges across a shady，glass-roofed atrium （天井） open to the air．Fans suck fresh air in from the atrium，blow it upstairs through hollow spaces under the floors and from there into each office through baseboard vents （通風(fēng)口）．As it rises and warms，it is drawn out via ceiling vents and finally exists through forty-eight brick chimneys．
During summer's cool nights，big fans blow air through the building seven times an hour to cool the empty floors．By day，smaller fans blow two changes of air an hour through the building，to circulate the air which has been in contact with the cool floors．For winter days，there are small heaters in the vents．
This is all possible only because Harare is 1600 feet above sea level，has cloudless skies，little dampness and rapid temperature swings-days as warm as 31℃commonly drop to 14℃at night．"You couldn't do this in New York，with its fantastically hot summers and fantastically cold winters，"Pearce said．
The engineering firm of Ove Arup & Partners monitors daily temperatures．It is found that the temperature of the building has generally stayed between 23℃and 25℃，with the exception of the annual hot period just before the summer rains in October and three days in November，when a doorkeeper accidentally switched off the fans at night．And the air is fresh-far more so than in air-conditioned buildings，where up to 30% of the air is recycled．
47．Why was Eastgate cheaper to be built than a conventional building？B
A．It was designed in a smaller size．
B．No air conditioners were fixed in．
C．Its heating system was less advanced．
D．It used rather different building materials．
48．What does the underlined"it"in Paragraph 3 refer to？A
A．Fresh air from outside．B．Heat in the building．
C．Hollow space．D．Baseboard vent．
49．Why wouldn't a building like Eastgate work efficiently in New York？D
A．New York has less clear skies as Harare．
B．Its dampness affects the circulation of air．
C．New York covers a larger area than Harare．
D．Its temperature changes seasonally rather than daily．
50．The data in the last paragraph suggests Eastgate's temperature control systemB
A．a(chǎn)llows a wide range of temperatures
B．functions well for most of the year
C．can recycle up to 30% of the air
D．works better in hot seasons．

Answer 1

分析 本文是科普說明文，講新型的建筑東門大廈在哈拉雷，津巴布韋的首都，據(jù)說是世界上唯一一個使用與白蟻堆相同原理的制冷和制熱的建筑．它不需要裝空調(diào)，幾乎沒有加熱系統(tǒng)，而是利用天井和風(fēng)扇把外面新鮮空氣吸到辦公室里面，這樣空氣即新鮮又經(jīng)濟．這一切之所以可能是因為哈拉雷特定的氣候和環(huán)境，在紐約不能做到這一點．

解答 47．B．細(xì)節(jié)題：從第二段的句子：The Eastgate's owners saved 3.5millionona36 million building because an air-conditioning equipment didn't have to be imported．可知Eastgate比傳統(tǒng)的建筑便宜，因為它不需要裝空調(diào)，所以選B．
48．A．指代題．從第三段的句子：Fans suck fresh air in from the atrium，blow it upstairs through hollow spaces under the floors and from there into each office through baseboard vents（通風(fēng)口）．可知風(fēng)扇把新鮮空氣天井吸入，把它（新鮮空氣）從地板下的中空的空間往上吹；最后從通風(fēng)口送進辦公室，所以這里的it指"新鮮空氣"，答案選A．
49．D．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段提到這種建造的一個條件是"…rapid temperature swings-days as warm as 31℃commonly drop to 14℃at night．（快速的氣溫變化--白天的氣溫31度而夜晚氣溫14度）"；但是"You couldn't do this in New York，with its fantastically hot summers and fantastically cold winters，在紐約你無法這么做，因為紐約夏天很熱冬天很冷，即紐約的天氣是季節(jié)變化而不是每天變化"得知答案選D
50．B．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)最后一段提到It is found that the temperature of the building has generally stayed between 23℃and 25℃，with the exception of （ 除了） the annual hot period just before the summer rains in October and three days in November，得知建筑物內(nèi)的溫度保持在23到25度，除10月與11月之外．所以這個系統(tǒng)一年的大部分時間都能用，因此答案選B．

點評 科普文通常學(xué)術(shù)性較強，結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，且每段的第一句話大多是主旨句．如果抓住了科普文的首尾和每段的第一句話，那么整篇文章的中心思想便了然于心．在做"給文章擬標(biāo)題"或"作者寫作意圖"類的主旨大意題時便不易受干擾項的影響．
　　其次，在做判斷正誤題或判斷推理題時要忠實原文，不要夾雜個人思想．首先要排除掉與文章內(nèi)容不符的選項，在剩下的選項中再比較一下哪一項更貼近文章主旨．