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     ROME: The legend of Leonardo da Vinci is covered in mystery: How did he die? Are the remains
buried in a French castle really those of the master? Was the "Mona Lisa" a self-portrait in disguise (偽裝)?
    A group of Italian scientists believe the key to solving those puzzles lies with the remains, and they say
they are seeking permission to dig up the body to conduct carbon and DNA testing.
If the skull is undamaged, the scientists can go to the heart of a question that has fascinated scholars and
the public for centuries: the identity of the "Mona Lisa." Recreating a virtual and then physical reconstruction of Leonardo's face, they can compare it with the smiling face in the painting.
      "We don't know what we'll find if the tomb is opened. We could even just find grains and dust," says
Giorgio Gruppioni, an anthropologist who is participating in the project. "But if the remains are well kept,
they are a biological record of events in a person's life, and sometimes in their death." Silvano Vinceti, the
leader of the group, said that he plans to press his case with the French officials in charge of the said
burial site at Amboise Castle early next week.
      Leonardo moved to France at the invitation of King Francis I, who named him "first painter to the
king." He spent the last three years of his life there, and died in 1519 at age 67. The artist's original burial
place, the palace church of Saint Florentine, was destroyed during the French Revolution and remains
that are believed to be his were eventually reburied in the Saint-Hubert Chapel near the castle.
      "The Amboise tomb is a symbolic tomb; it's a big question mark," said Alessandro Vezzosi, the
director of a museum dedicated to Leonardo in his hometown of Vinci. Vezzosi said that investigating the
tomb could help identify the artist's bones with certainty and solve other questions, such as the cause of
his death. He said he asked to open the tomb in 2004 to study the remains, but the Amboise Castle
turned him down.
     The group of 100 experts involved in the project, called the National Committee for Historical and
Artistic Heritage, was created in 2003 with the aim of "solving the great mysteries of the past," said
Vinceti, who has written books on art and literature.
     Arguably the world's most famous painting, the "Mona Lisa" hangs in the Louvre in Paris, where it
drew some 8.5 million visitors last year. Mystery has surrounded the identity of the painting's subject for
centuries, with opinions ranging from the wife of a Florentine merchant to Leonardo's own mother.
     That Leonardo intended the "Mona Lisa" as a self-portrait in disguise is a possibility that has
interested and divided scholars. Theories have existed: Some think that Leonardo's taste for tricks and
riddles might have led him to hide his own identity behind that puzzling smile; others have guessed that
the painting hid an androgynous lover.
     If granted access to the grave site, the Italian experts plan to use a tiny camera and radar to confirm
the presence of bones. The scientists would then exhume (挖掘) the remains and attempt to date the
bones with carbon testing.
     At the heart of the proposed study is the effort to discover whether the remains are actually
Leonardo's, including with DNA testing.
     Vezzosi questions the DNA comparison, saying he is unaware of any direct descendants (后代) of
Leonardo or of tombs that could be attributed with certainty to the artist's close relatives.
     Gruppioni said that DNA from the bones could also eventually be compared to DNA found
elsewhere. For example, Leonardo is thought to have rubbed colors on the canvas with his thumb,
possibly using saliva (唾液), meaning DNA might be found on his paintings.
     Even in the absence of DNA testing, other tests could provide useful information, including whether
the bones belonged to a man or a woman, and whether the person died young or old.
Even within the committee, experts are divided over the identity of the "Mona Lisa." 
     Vinceti believes that a tradition of considering the self-portrait to be not just a faithful imitation of one's
features but a representation of one's spiritual identity may have resonated (共鳴) with Leonardo.
     Vezzosi, the museum director, dismissed as "baseless and senseless" the idea that the "Mona Lisa"
could be a self-portrait of Leonardo. He said most researchers believe the woman may have been either
a wife of the artist's sponsor, the Florentine nobleman Giuliano de Medici, or Lisa Gherardini, the wife of
a rich silk merchant, Francesco del Giocondo. The traditional view is that the name "Mona Lisa" comes
from the silk merchant's wife, as well as its Italian name: "La Gioconda."  
1. Where is this passage most probably taken from?
A. A magazine.  
B. A newspaper.  
C. A textbook.  
D. A research report.
2. Why does the author ask a couple of questions in the beginning?
A. To arouse the interest of readers.  
B. To puzzle Italian scientists.
C. To answer the questions himself.  
D. To make fun of French officials.
3. The best title of this story might be "_____".
A. What Is the Purpose of an Investigation? 
B. How Did Leonardo da Vinci Die in France?
C. Are the Remains Really Those of the Master?
D. Did Leonardo Paint Himself as 'Mona Lisa'?
4. The sentence "he plans to press his case with the French officials" (underlined in Paragraph 4)  
suggests that Vinceti intends to _____.
A. press the French officials to participate in their project
B. urge the French officials to open the tomb early next week
C. persuade the French officials to allow opening the tomb
D. record events in a person's life with the French officials
5. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. Scholars have the same opinion on DNA testing.
B. Scientists doubt if the remains are those of da Vinci.
C. The identity of "Mona Lisa" has already been proved.
D. Alessandro Vezzosi got permission to open the tomb.
6. We can infer from the last two paragraphs that _____?
A. "Mona Lisa" is the name of the wife of a silk merchant
B. the "Mona Lisa" is a self-portrait of Leonardo da Vinci
C. experts divided the committee into several groups 
D. opinions differ of the identity of the "Mona Lisa"
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科目：高中英語 來源：2010年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試、英語(安徽卷) 題型：050

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　　The need to feed a growing population is putting much pressure on the world's supply of water．With 97％ of the world's water too salty to be drunk or used in agriculture, the worldwide supply of water needs careful management, especially in agriculture．Although the idea of a water shortage(短缺)seems strange to someone fortunate enough to live in a high rainfull country, many of the world's agricultural industries experience constant water shortages．

　　Although dams can be built to store water for agricultural use in dry areas and dry seaons, the costs of water redistribution(重新分配)are very high．Notonly is there the cost of the engineering itself, but there is also an environmental cost to be considered．Where valleys(山谷)are flooded to create dams, houses are lost and wildlife homes destroyed．Besides, water many flow easily through pipes to fields,but it cannot be transported from one side of the world to the other．Each country must therefore rely on the management of its own water to supply its farming requirements．

　　This is particularly troubling ro countries with agricultural industries in areas dependent on irrigation(灌溉)．In Texas, farmers' overuse of irrigation water be resulted in a 25％ redcution of the water stores．In the Central Valley area of south eastern USA, a huge water engineering project provided water for farming in dry vallege, but much of the water use has been poorly managed．

　　Saudi Arabia's attempts to grow wheat in desert areas have been the pumping of huge quantities of irrigation water from underground reserves．Because there is no rainfall in these areas, such reserves can only decrease, and it is believed that fifty years of pumping will see them run dry．

(1)

From the first two paragraphs we learnt that ________．

[　　]

A．

much of the world's water is available for use

B．

people in high rainfll countries feel lucky

C．

the costs of water redistribution should be considered

D．

water can be easily carried through pipes across the world

(2)

Which of the following is true?

[　　]

A．

The water in Texas have been reduced by 75％．

B．

Most industries in the world suffer from water shortagers．

C．

The underground water in Saudi Arabia might run out in 50 years．

D．

Good management of water use resulted from the project in the Central Valley．

(3)

What is most likely to be discussed in the paragreh that follows?

[　　]

A．

Steps to improving water use managet．

B．

Ways tor redjuce the costs of builing dams．

C．

Measured to dmal with worldwide water shortages．

D．

Appmihes to handling the pressure on water supply．

(4)

The text is mainly about ________．

[　　]

A．

water supply and increasing population

B．

water use management and agriculture

C．

water redistribution and wildlife protection

D．

water shornages and environmental protection．

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