Question

【題目】—When did the manager decide to construct the theory of management?

—It was last month ________ the management system suffered from a drawback.

A. whenB. thatC. which D. where

Answer 1

【答案】A

【解析】

試題分析：考查定語(yǔ)從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。last month是先行詞，在句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，故要用when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；在第二句中后面省略了強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的后半句that he decided to construct the theory of management。句意：——經(jīng)理什么時(shí)候決定修訂管理理論的？——是在上個(gè)月管理系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題的時(shí)候（他才決定重新修訂管理理論的）。故A正確。

強(qiáng)調(diào)就是使句子的某一部分比一般情況下顯得更加重要。英語(yǔ)表達(dá)中，要強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的某一成分，一般可用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型“It is (was) +that (who) +句子的其余部分”。It在句中無(wú)意義，只起引出被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分的作用。被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分指人時(shí)，除可用that外，還可換用who（強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)指人時(shí)也可用whom）。使用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型時(shí)，應(yīng)注意以下事項(xiàng)：

1、去掉強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)It is (was) … that(who)…后，剩下的詞仍能組成一個(gè)完整的句子。這是判斷是不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的關(guān)鍵。試比較：

1. It is strange that he didn’t come yesterday. 2. It is you and Tom that didn’t come yesterday.

顯然，句1去掉It is… that …后，句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整，是主語(yǔ)從句；

句2去掉It is … that …后，句子變?yōu)閥ou and Tom didn’t come yesterday. 仍是一個(gè)表意完整的句子，這是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句。

再如： 1. It is what you do rather than what you say ____matters. A. that B. what C. which D. this 答案A。這是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，去掉強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，剩下的是What you do rather than what you say matters. 表意完整。

2. That was really a splendid evening. It’s years ____I enjoyed myself so much.

A. when B. that C. before D. since

答案D。由強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的判斷方法可知，該句不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。It指時(shí)間，句意為：好幾年我沒(méi)有這么高興了。since的意思是“自從那個(gè)時(shí)候起”。

2、如果強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因或方式狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，不可用when, where, why或how，而仍用that。

試比較：It was because of the accident why he was late. (誤), It was because of the accident that he was late. (正)。

又如：

1. It was not until midnight_____ they reached the camp site.

A. that B. when C. while D. as

答案A。該題強(qiáng)干擾項(xiàng)是B，考生容易因強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)until midnight而誤選。

2. It was after he got what he had desired ____he realized it was not so important.

A. that B. when C. since D. as

答案A。該句強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句after he got what he had desired，題干意思是“得到他所夢(mèng)寐以求的東西后他才意識(shí)到一切都不那么重要”。不要誤選B。

3、注意強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的否定句和疑問(wèn)句形式，在這方面很容易因弄不清句子結(jié)構(gòu)而錯(cuò)選。

如:

1. I just wonder ____that makes him so excited.

A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is 答案D。正常語(yǔ)序的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型容易看出，但要注意它的變體。如果把該題變換一下語(yǔ)序：it is what that makes him so excited,不難看出這是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的特殊疑問(wèn)句形式，強(qiáng)調(diào)了疑問(wèn)代詞what，因?yàn)閣onder后賓語(yǔ)從句，故用了陳述語(yǔ)序。

2. It was not until she got home ____Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.

A. when B. that C. where D. before

答案B。如果去掉強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，該句是一個(gè)“not… until”

句型：Jennifer didn’t realize she had lost her keys until she got home. 要強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)until she got home，這時(shí)要把主句中的否定詞not放在was之后。

4、強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，that或who后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式仍然取決于原句中的主語(yǔ)；be的變化只有is和was兩種形式，如果要表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)將來(lái)時(shí)的其它各種形式時(shí)，就用It is…, 表達(dá)過(guò)去時(shí)的各種形式時(shí)，用It was….一般要與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)一致。如： 1. It is I who/ that am an English teacher.

2. It is the boy who/ that speaks English best in the class. 3. It was on Sunday that he gave George this ticket. 4. It is the little girl who/ that has broken the glass.

5、強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的時(shí)態(tài)。如果原句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用的是現(xiàn)在范疇的時(shí)態(tài)(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成/現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)、將來(lái)完成時(shí)等)，用It is...that...。如果原句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去范疇的時(shí)態(tài)(一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)等)，則用It was...that...。

6、在復(fù)習(xí)中有可能把It is/ was…that句式都誤認(rèn)為是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的幾種情況：

1）、把具有實(shí)際意義的指示代詞it后面接is/was…that誤認(rèn)為是強(qiáng)調(diào)句式。

--- Where did you get to know her? --- It was on the farm ____ we worked.

A. that B. there C. which D. where

答案D。該句易誤作強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，所以A是強(qiáng)干擾項(xiàng)。這里where we worked 是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾the farm。It指“與她相識(shí)”這件事。該題很容易受思維定勢(shì)的影響而拒絕選D，因?yàn)槠饺战虒W(xué)老師一再?gòu)?qiáng)調(diào)，用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型時(shí)即使強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，也不能用where而用that。該句如果要用it was… that強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的話，可改寫(xiě)為“It was on the farm where we worked that I got to know her.”

2）、把it指時(shí)間、天氣、距離、環(huán)境等后接be的情形誤以為是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。

It was twenty miles from our city to the village ____the accident happened.

A. that B. when C. then D. where

答案D。本題貌似It was…that強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，其實(shí)不然。句中It表示距離，where 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。

3）、把It is/ was…that結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)從句誤認(rèn)為是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。

1. The Foreign Minister said, “____our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”

A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is

答案D。如果選A和C，指示代詞This和That在句中找不出指代的內(nèi)容，選B意義不通。故選D。雖然選It is后題干中出現(xiàn)了It is… that結(jié)構(gòu)，但這不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。很明顯，題干中的that從句應(yīng)是主語(yǔ)從句，所缺的是形式主語(yǔ)。

7、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型It is/ was… that/ who主要用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。如果要強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,應(yīng)該用代動(dòng)詞do及其變形does或did，這三種形式常用在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。它一般只能強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在時(shí)與過(guò)去時(shí)。如：

I do wish I could. 我真希望我能。

He does look well. 他的確看起來(lái)氣色很好。

You did give me a fright. 你真把我給嚇了一跳。