Nuclear power's danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be summed up in one word: radiation.
Nuclear radiation has a certain mystery about it, partly because it cannot be detected by human senses. It can't be seen or heard, or touched or tasted, even though it may be all around us. There are other things like that. For example, radio waves are all around us but we can't detect them, sense them, without a radio receiver. Similarly, we can't sense radioactivity without a radiation detector. But unlike common radio waves, nuclear radiation is not harmless to human beings and other living things.
At very high levels, radiation can kill an animal or human being immediately by killing masses of cells in vital organs. But even the lowest levels can do serious damage. There is no levels of radiation that is completely safe. If the radiation does not hit anything important, the damage may not be serious. This is the case when only a few cells are hit, and if they are killed immediately. Your body will replace the dead cells with healthy ones. But if the few cells are only damaged, and if they reproduce themselves, you may be in trouble. They can grow into cancer. Sometimes this does not show up for many years.
This is another reason for some of the mystery about nuclear radiation. Serious damage can be done without the victim being aware at the time that damage has occurred. A person can be irradiated(輻射)and feel fine, then die for cancer five, ten, or twenty years later as a result. Or a child can be born weak as a result of radiation absorbed by its grandparents.
Radiation can hurt us. We must know the truth.
【小題1】Which of the following statements is true?
A.Nuclear radiation is just like common radio waves. |
B.Nuclear radiation can cause cancer to human beings. |
C.Nuclear radiation can be detected by human senses. |
D.Nuclear radiation can be safe to human beings if its level is low. |
A.By damaging its heart. |
B.By killing a few cells. |
C.By hitting any place in its body. |
D.By killing many cells in important organs. |
A.die of cancer after many years |
B.die immediately |
C.have a child who may be born weak |
D.a(chǎn)ll of the above |
【小題1】B
【小題2】D
【小題3】D
解析文章大意:本文向我們介紹了核能對我們健康的危害。核能對人類的健康、安全乃至生命所造成的危害可用一個單詞加以概括:輻射。
【小題1】B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段第一句話可知,C項(xiàng)錯誤;由第二段最后一句話“But unlike common radio waves, nuclear radiation is not harmless to human beings and other living things. ”可知,核輻射對人類健康有害,它和一般的微波不一樣,所以A、D項(xiàng)錯誤;由第三段倒數(shù)第二句話可知,B項(xiàng)正確。
【小題2】D 推理判斷題。由第三段第一句話“At very high levels, radiation can kill an animal or human being immediately by killing masses of cells in vital organs.”可知,D項(xiàng)正確。
【小題3】D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段倒數(shù)后兩句話可知,A、C項(xiàng)正確;由第三段第一句話可知,A項(xiàng)正確。所以選D項(xiàng)。
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科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:閱讀理解
Far from the land of Antarctica, a huge shelf of ice meets the ocean. At the underside of the shelf there lives a small fish, the Antarctic cod.
For forty years scientists have been curious about that fish. How does it live where most fish would freeze to death? It must have some secret. The Antarctic is not a comfortable place to work and research has been slow. Now it seems we have an answer.
Research was begun by cutting holes in the ice and catching the fish. Scientists studied the fish’s blood and measured its freezing point.
The fish were taken from seawater that had a temperature of -1.88℃ and many tiny pieces of ice floating in it. The blood of the fish did not begin to freeze until its temperature was lowered to -2.05℃. That small difference is enough for the fish to live at the freezing temperature of the ice-salt mixture.
The scientists’ next research job was clear: Find out what in the fish’s blood kept it from freezing. Their search led to some really strange thing made up of a protein never before seen in the blood of a fish. When it was removed, the blood froze at seawater temperature. When it was put back, the blood again had its antifreeze quality and a lowered freezing point.
Study showed that it is an unusual kind of protein. It has many small sugar molecules held in special positions within each big protein molecule. Because of its sugar content, it is called a glycoprotein. So it has come to be called the antifreeze fish glycoprotein. Or AFGP.
【小題1】What is the text mainly about?
A.The terrible conditions in the Antarctic. |
B.A special fish living in freezing waters. |
C.The ice shelf around Antarctica. |
D.Protection of the Antarctic cod. |
A.The seawater has a temperature of -1.88℃. |
B.It loves to live in the ice-salt mixture. |
C.A special protein keeps it from freezing. |
D.Its blood has a temperature lower than -2.05℃. |
A.A type of ice-salt mixture. | B.A newly found protein. |
C.Fish blood. | D.Sugar molecule. |
A.sugar | B.ice |
C.blood | D.molecule |
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科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:閱讀理解
February has long been a month of romance. With the sweet smell of roses in the air, romantic films hit cinemas and love stories fill newspapers and magazines.
On the 14th day, it is a custom for a boy to take his girlfriend out to dinner, buy her flowers and chocolates, write poems, sing to her or even spell out her name with rose petals! This is what you see on Valentine’s Day, a day named after Valentine who was a priest in the third century Rome. When the emperor (皇帝) decided that single men could become better soldiers than those with wives, he didn’t allow marriage.
But Valentine continued to perform marriage ceremonies for young lovers in secret. When his actions were discovered, the emperor sentenced him to death. While in prison, it is said that Valentine fell in love with the daughter of his prison guard. Before his death, he wrote her a letter, which he signed “From your Valentine”, an expression that is still in use today. Valentine died for what he believed in and so he was made a Saint (圣徒), as well as becoming one of history’s most romantic characters.
Nowadays, Valentine’s Day is also popular among Chinese young people. Some students are planning to make Valentine’s cards for parents, teachers and friends. Others want to hold parties at which they will exchange small gifts and eat heart-shaped cakes. The idea is to have fun and encourage people to share in the spirit of St. Valentine.
【小題1】Why did the emperor in Rome not allow marriage in his country?
A.Because there were few women in his country at that time. |
B.Because he thought men without wives could be better soldiers. |
C.Because there wasn’t enough food for so many people. |
D.Because he wanted to control the birth rate. |
A.he killed one of the soldiers |
B.he stole a lot of food |
C.he didn’t obey the emperor’s order |
D.he didn’t want to be a soldier |
A.students in China send cards to their teachers |
B.it is a good idea to celebrate Valentine’s Day in China |
C.it is interesting to celebrate Valentine’s Day in China |
D.Valentine’s Day is also popular in China now |
A.get gifts | B.honor a priest |
C.enjoy romance | D.get married |
A.Valentine’s Day | B.A Brave Priest |
C.Valentine’s Day in China | D.A Romantic Man |
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科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:閱讀理解
Against the supposition than forest fires in Alaska, Canada and Siberia warm the climate, scientists have discovered that cooling may occur in areas where burnt trees allow more snow to mirror more sunlight into space.
This finding suggests that taking steps to prevent northern forest to limit the release of greenhouse gases may warm the climate in northern regions. Usually large fires destroyed forests in these areas over the past decade. Scientists predict that with climate warming, fires may occur more frequently over next several centuries as result of a longer fire season. Sunlight taken in by the earth tends to cause warming, while heat mirrored back into space tends to cause cooling.
This is the first study to analyze all aspects of how northern fires influence climate. Earlier studies by other scientists have suggested that fire in northern regions speed up climate warming because greenhouse gases from burning trees and plants are released into the atmosphere and thus trap heat.
Scientists found that right after the fire, large amounts of greenhouse gases entered the atmosphere and caused warming. Ozone(臭氧)levels increased, and ash from the fire fell on faroff sea ice, darkening the surface and causing more radiation from the sun to be taken in. The following spring, however, the land within the area of the fire was brighter than before the fire, because fewer trees covered the ground. Snow on the ground mirrored more sunlight back into space, leading to cooling.
“We need to find out all possible ways to reduce the growth of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.” Scientists tracked the change in amount of radiation entering and leaving the climate system as a result of the fire, and found a measurement closely related to the global air temperature. Typically, fire in northern regions occurs in the same area every 80 to 150 years. Scientists, however, found that when fire occurs more frequently, more radiation is lost from the earth and cooling results. Specifically, they determined when fire returns 20 years earlier than predicated, 0.5 watts per square meter of area burned are soaked_up by the earth from greenhouse gases, but 0.9 watts per square meter will be sent back into space. The net effect is cooling. Watts are used to measure the rate at which energy is gained or lost from the earth.
【小題1】According to the new findings, taking steps to prevent northern forest fires may ________.
A.result in a warming climate |
B.cause the forest fires to occur more frequently |
C.lead to a longer fire season |
D.protect the forests and the environment there |
A.large amounts of greenhouse gases enter the atmosphere |
B.the levels of ozone which is a type of oxygen increase |
C.snow on the ground mirrors more sunlight back into space |
D.a(chǎn)shes from the fire fall on the ice surface and take in more radiation from the sun |
A.a(chǎn)nalyze all aspects of how northern fires influence climate |
B.indicate that forest fires will pollute the atmosphere |
C.suggest that people should take measures to protect environment |
D.suggest that the fires will speed up climate warming |
A.released | B.a(chǎn)bsorbed | C.created | D.distributed |
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科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:閱讀理解
Depression (抑郁癥) is a serious problem today.Depression causes workers to be unproductive,causing companies and countries to lose billions of dollars.One expert says that depression is like cancer because it is “widespread,costly and deadly”.Depression hits one person in five around the world.
Although people have believed depression to be a problem among the rich and educated,studies show that depression is a problem among everyone.Over any sixmonth period,between five to seven percent of the world’s population will be suffering from a serious depression.Suicide rates among people suffering from the disease in its extreme,or clinical form were 80 percent higher than in the population at large,and sufferers were four times more likely to have heart attacks.People who suffer from depression often have problems sleeping,getting up on time,and doing work productively.
Depression,which researchers agree has its origin in the genes,brings loss of confidence and ability to concentrate—making it impossible for employees and managers to work efficiently.
Depression is made more serious in China by Chinese’s inability to face it.Many people believe that depressed people are either weak or lazy.Besides,there is no good treatment,with few specialists available.“Most patients in China just don’t get help,”a Chinese doctor says.“In my hospital,I have to see 30 or 40 patients in a morning,just have time to say ‘Hello,how do you feel?’”
In Western countries,people are not afraid to admit that they have depression,but most do not tell it to their boss,because they fear that they will be stricken_off_the_rolls.“In my experience,aging bosses are the most willing to admit they have it.Because they feel the most secure about themselves,” an American doctor says.
Hopefully,in the near future,people around the world will be able to admit that they have depression so that they can get the right treatment.
【小題1】Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A.It is widely believed that everyone may suffer from depression. |
B.Depression brings great problems to its sufferers in their life and work. |
C.Depression is a commonlyexisting problem only in rich countries. |
D.The poorer and the less educated a person is,the less he will suffer from depression. |
A.very unconfident and often absentminded |
B.easy to avoid being hit by heart attacks |
C.working efficiently and productively |
D.either weak or lazy |
A.the understanding of the problem |
B.the lack of treatment and doctors |
C.their unwillingness to tell it to their boss |
D.the doctors’ careless work |
A.People are suffering from depression because of the shortage of specialists. |
B.The aging bosses around the world dare to say they are depressed. |
C.More and more patients will turn to specialists for help. |
D.Western people are braver than Chinese people. |
A.Hired. | B.Dismissed. |
C.Promoted. | D.Recommended. |
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科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:閱讀理解
No one knows for sure when advertising first started. It is possible that it grew out of the discovery that some people did certain kinds of work better than others did them. That led to the concept of specialization, which means that people would specialize, or focus, on doing one specific job.
Let's take a man we'll call Mr. Fielder, for example. He did everything connected with farming. He planted seeds, tended the fields, and harvested and sold his crops. At the same time, he did many other jobs on the farm. However, he didn't make the bricks for his house, cut his trees into boards, make the plows(犁), or any of the other hundreds of things a farm needs. Instead, he got them from people who specialized in doing each of those things.
Suppose there was another man we shall call Mr. Plowright. Using what he knew about farming and working with iron, Mr. Plowright invented a plow that made farming easier. Mr. Plowright did not really like farming himself and wanted to specialize in making really good plows. Perhaps, he thought, other farmers will trade what they grow for one of my plows.
How did Mr. Plowright let people know what he was doing? Why, he advertised, of course. First he opened a shop and then he put up a sign outside the shop to attract customers. That sign may have been no more than a plow carved into a piece of wood and a simple arrow pointing to the shop door. It was probably all the information people needed to find Mr. Plowright and his really good plows.
Many historians believe that the first outdoor signs were used about five thousand years ago. Even before most people could read, they understood such signs. Shopkeepers would carve into stone, clay, or wood symbols for the products they had for sale.
A medium, in advertising talk, is the way you communicate your message. You might say that the first medium used in advertising was signs with symbols. The second medium was audio, or sound, although that term is not used exactly in the way we use it today. Originally, just the human voice and maybe some kind of simple instrument, such as a bell, were used to get people's attention.
A crier, in the historical sense, is not someone who weeps easily. It is someone, probably a man, with a voice loud enough to be heard over the other noises of a city. In ancient Egypt, shopkeepers might hire such a person to spread the news about their products. Often this earliest form of advertising involved a newly arrived ship loaded with goods. Perhaps the crier described the goods, explained where they came from, and praised their quality. His job was, in other words, not too different from a TV or radio commercial in today's world.
【小題1】What probably led to the start of advertising?
A.The discovery of iron. |
B.The specialization of labor. |
C.The appearance of new jobs. |
D.The development of farming techniques. |
A.praised his plows in public |
B.placed a sign outside the shop |
C.hung an arrow pointing to the shop |
D.showed his products to the customers |
A.explain the origin of advertising |
B.predict the future of advertising |
C.expose problems in advertising |
D.provide suggestions for advertising |
A.owned a ship |
B.had the loudest voice |
C.ran a shop selling goods to farmers |
D.functioned like today's TV or radio commercial |
A.the history of advertising |
B.the benefits of advertising |
C.the early forms of advertising |
D.the basic design of advertising |
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科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:閱讀理解
(London)If it really is what's on the inside that counts, then a lot of thin people might be in trouble.
Some doctors now think that the internal fat surrounding important organs like the heart or liver could be as dangerous as the external fat which can be noticed more easily.
“Being thin doesn't surely mean you are not fat,” said Dr Jimmy Bell at Imperial College. Since 1994, Bell and his team have scanned nearly 800 people with MRI machines to create “fat maps” showing where people store fat.
According to the result, people who keep their weight through diet rather than exercise are likely to have major deposits of internal fat, even if they are slim.
Even people with normal Body Mass Index scores can have surprising levels of fat deposits inside. Of the women, as many as 45 percent of those with normal BMI scores (20 to 25) actually had too high levels of internal fat. Among men, the percentage was nearly 60 percent.
According to Bell, people who are fat on the inside are actually on the edge of being fat. They eat too many fatty and sugary foods, but they are not eating enough to be fat. Scientists believe we naturally store fat around the belly first, but at some point, the body may start storing it elsewhere.
Doctors are unsure about the exact dangers of internal fat, but some think it has something to do with heart disease and diabetes. They want to prove that internal fat damages the body's communication systems.
The good news is that internal fat can be easily burned off through exercise or even by improving your diet. “If you want to be healthy, there is no short cut. Exercise has to be an important part of your lifestyle,” Bell said.
【小題1】What is this piece of news mainly about?
A.Thin people also have troubles. |
B.Internal fat is of no importance. |
C.Internal fat leads to many diseases. |
D.Thin people may be fat inside. |
A.being slim doesn't mean you are not fat inside |
B.internal fat is the cause of heart disease and diabetes |
C.being slim is not dangerous at all |
D.the exact dangers of internal fat |
A.People with heart disease all have internal fat. |
B.People can get rid of internal fat by improving diet. |
C.Men are more likely to have too much internal fat. |
D.Exercise can help to reduce the internal fat. |
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科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:閱讀理解
When another old cave is discovered in the south of France,it is not usual news.Rather,it is art ordinary event.Such discoveries are so frequent these days that hardly anybody pays heed to them.However,when the Lascaux cave complex was discovered in 1940,the world was amazed.Painted directly on its walls were hundreds of scenes showing how people lived thousands of years ago.The scenes show people hunting animals,such as bison or wild cats.Other images show birds and,most noticeably,horses,which appear in more than 300 wall images,by far outnumbering all other animals.
Early artists drawing these animals accomplished a monumental and difficult task.They did not limit themselves to the easily accessible walls but carried their painting materials to spaces that required climbing steep walls or crawling into narrow passages in the Lascaux complex.
Unfortunately,the paintings have been exposed to the destructive action of water and temperature changes,which easily wear the images away.Because the Lascaux caves have many entrances,air movement has also damaged the images inside.
Although they are not out in the open air, where natural light would have destroyed them long ago,many of the images have been destroyed and are barely recognizable.To prevent further damage,the site was closed to tourists in 1963,23 years after it was discovered.
【小題1】What can be the best title for the text?
A.Wild Animals in Art | B.Hidden Prehistoric Paintings |
C.Exploring Caves Respectfully | D.Determining the Age of French Caves |
A.discovers | B.watches | C.notices | D.buys |
A.Birds | B.Bison | C.Horses | D.Wild cats |
A.It was completely dark inside. |
B.The caves were full of wild animals. |
C.Painting materials were hard to find. |
D.Many painting spaces were difficult to reach. |
A.temperature changes | B.a(chǎn)ir movement |
C.water | D.tourists |
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科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:閱讀理解
Hello! My name is Lisa, and I am a lioness. I live on the open grasslands of Africa with my family. Lions living in a group are called a pride.
My father is strong and powerful. He and his cousin are the leaders of our pride. The other members are my mother, her sisters, and their children.
The area where a pride lives is big! We roar (咆哮) to tell each other where we are and to warn strangers to stay away.
Come to meet my new baby brother. His name is Leon. See the spots on his fur? We lions are born spotted or striped (有條紋的). As we grow older, the spots gradually disappear.
Lionesses usually spend their entire lives with their birth pride, but Leon will leave when he is about three years old. He’ll run around with a male (雄性的) friend or relative for a few years until they take over a pride of their own.
But for now, we have lots of fun together. We often play and fight for hours, which can help us practice skills that we will need for hunting.
We lions keep ourselves very clean. Just like a house cat, I clean my fur with my tongue. We clean for each other, too, to show we’re friends.
Lions like to sleep for most of the day. We hunt in the cool evening. Female (雌性的) lions hunt more often than male lions. We work together as a team. At the right moment, we attack and kill our prey. Then we share it. Male lions usually eat first. Females eat next. Baby lions are the last to eat. The smallest one gets the least food.
Since we are full, it’s time to go to find a nice place for a sleep. Bye!
【小題1】From the text, we can learn that Lisa comes from______.
A.Asia | B.Africa | C.Europe | D.America |
A.the animal that is hunted |
B.the animal that is dangerous |
C.the animal that is powerful |
D.the animal that is ill |
A.Lions sometimes clean their fur for each other. |
B.Lions also develop their skills of hunting by having fun. |
C.Lions usually hunt for food in the evening. |
D.Baby lions are often the first to get food in their group. |
A.doctors | B.political leaders | C.children | D.hunters |
A.hunts more often than his sisters |
B.will have spots on his fur for the whole of his life |
C.will leave his birth pride when he is about three |
D.will take over his birth pride when his father dies |
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