Botany （植物學(xué)） , the study of plants, occupies a particular position in the history of human knowledge．For many thousands of years it was the one field of awareness about which humans had anything more than the vaguest （模糊的）） of insights．It is impossible to know today just what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plants, but from what we can observe of pre-industrial societies that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient．This is logical．Plants are the basis of the food pyramid for all living things even for other plants．They have always been enormously important to the welfare of people not only for food but also for clothing, tools, medicines, shelter, and a great many other purposes．Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon recognize hundreds of plants and know many properties of each．To them, botany has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of "knowledge" at all．
Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become, the farther away we move from direct contact with plants, and the less distinct our knowledge grows．Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose or an apple．When nor Neolithic ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer fields the next season—the first, great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken．Grains were discovered and from them flowed the wonder of agriculture: cultivated crops．From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild, and the accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience with plants in the wild would begin to fade away．
小題1:What does the writer mean when he says "This is logical" in the first paragraph?
A．Human knowledge of plants is well organized and very detailed．
B．It is not surprising that early humans had a detailed knowledge of plants．
C．There is no clear way to determine the extent of our ancestor's knowledge of plant．
D．It is reasonable to assume our ancestors behave much like people in pre-industrial societies．
小題2:According to the passage, general knowledge of botany begun to fade away because ____．
A．people no longer value plants as a useful resource
B．direct contact with a variety of plants has decreased
C．botany is not recognized as a special branch of science
D．research is unable to keep up with the increasing number of plants
小題3:We learn that the first great step toward the practice of agriculture is____．
A．the changing diets of early humans
B．the development of a system of names for plants
C．the invention of agricultural implements （工具） and machinery
D．the discovery of certain grasses that could be harvested and replanted
小題4:Human would depend on the controlled production of a few plants for living with
A．the knowledge of plants
B．the discovery of certain grasses
C．the development of machinery
D．the appearance of agriculture

小題1:B
小題2:B
小題3:D
小題4:D

試題分析：
小題1:B 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段3,4,5行It is impossible to know today just what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plants, but from what we can observe of pre-industrial societies that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient．This is logical．說明史前人類可以對植物有一個很好的了解、故B正確。
小題2:B 推理題。根據(jù)第二段1,2行Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become, the farther away we move from direct contact with plants, and the less distinct our knowledge grows．說明現(xiàn)代人與植物的直接的接觸越來越少，導(dǎo)致我們這方面的知識越來越少。故B正確，
小題3:D 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段3,4,5行When nor Neolithic ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer fields the next season—the first, great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken．說明人們認(rèn)識到某些草是可以收獲和重新種植的時候，人們走出了農(nóng)業(yè)的第一步。故D正確。
小題4:D 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章最后三行From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild, and the accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience with plants in the wild would begin to fade away．說明隨著農(nóng)業(yè)的出現(xiàn)，人類依靠著控制著一些植物的生長來存活。故D正確。
點評：文章講述了人類與植物的緊密聯(lián)系，在人類的發(fā)展歷史上，植物是不可缺少的一環(huán)。農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展也正是與認(rèn)為對植物的進(jìn)一步了解慢慢加深的。
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Recently a researcher at the University of Bristol in Britain reported the findings of his jet lag study, which involved twenty young women who worked for international airlines. They had served passengers on airplanes for five years. These flight attendants flew across many countries and at least seven time zones. In the study, the flight attendants had different amounts of time to recover from jet lag. Half the women spent five days or fewer in their home areas between long flights. The other half spent more than fourteen days in their home areas.
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The researcher believes the brain needs at least ten days to recover after a long trip. He says airline workers told him their ability to remember got worse after working on planes for about four years. Other studies have shown that increased feelings of stress can cause a loss of cells in the part of the brain that controls memory.
Scientists say more tests are needed to study the effects of jet lag on the brain. They want to find out if too much jet lag could permanently (永久性的) affect memory.
小題1:According to the text, jet lag .
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  2. can make people feel tired for a few weeks
  3. can be only found in flight attendants
  4. can be caused by flying over several time zones
小題2:It can be inferred from the text that .
  1. the conclusion is refused by many scientists
  2. scientists fear that this research is not done properly
  3. the scientific conclusion needs the support from many tests
  4. every women who were examined in the research were mot healthy
小題3:From the result of the research we can see that .
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  2. the women who fly in short time have smaller right temporal lobes
  3. the women who have longer flights fail the memory test
  4. the women who rest more than 14 days produce less hormones
小題4:What is the subject discussed in the text?
  1. The cause of jet lag.
  2. A story of a group of flight attendants.
  3. The importance of having enough rest after flights.
  4. A research about the effects of jet lag on the brain.

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C．A long journey begins with the first step.
D．Changing ourselves means changing others.

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C．An online tutor helps several students at the same time.
D．Tutors and students communicate by telephone.
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A．It shows a threat to teachers’ jobs in Britain.
B．It can take place of the regular teaching.
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D．It emphasizes the individualized teaching.
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B．online tutoring has a great influence on British.
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D．immediacy of feedback can happen across an Internet connection
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C．To Learn Maths with the Latest Technology
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※Check with your parents before giving out a credit（信用）card number.
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D．go into a chat room as they’d like to
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C．Leaving the site if you feel uncomfortable
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D．treat other people as you’d like to be treated
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Greenpeace
Greenpeace uses peaceful but direct action to defend the environment. It campaigns to protect rainforests and sea animals, stop global warming and end pollution of air, land and seas. It also opposes nuclear(核) power.
Greenpeace International
Keizergracht 176
1016 DW Amsterdam
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BirdLife International is an organization which works to save endangered birds all over the world.
BirdLife International
Wellbrook Court
Girton Road
Cambridge CB3 ONA
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WWF
WWF-World Wide Fund For Nature is the world’s largest private international organization for the protection of nature and endangered species.
Information Officer
WWF International
Avenue du Mont-Blanc
1196 Gland
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A．Friends of the EarthB．World Wide Fund For Nature
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B．It is the world’s largest international organization
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D．It is a private organization in the United States
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The ozone layer blocks more than 90 percent of the sun's ultraviolet radiation（紫外線輻射）, helping to make life on Earth possible. For many dacades, ozone was depleted（削減） by chlorine and bromine gas in the air. A hole in the ozone layer formed over the Southern Hemisphere.
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A．it was once proved by facts
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Because plants cannot move or talk, most people believe that they have no feelings and that they cannot receive signals from outside. However, this may not be completely true.
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A man called Backster used a galvanometer for his studies of plants and was very surprised at his results. He found that if he had two or more plants in a room and he began to destroy one of them － perhaps by pulling off its leaves or by pulling it out of its pot － then the galvanometer on the leaves of the other plants showed a change in the electrical field. It seemed as if the plants were signalling a feeling of shock. This happened not only when Backster started to destroy plants, but also when he destroyed other living things such as insects (昆蟲).
Backster said that the plants also knew if someone had destroyed a living thing some distance away, because they signalled when a man who had just cut down a tree entered the room.
Another scientist, named Sauvin, achieved similar results to Backster’s. He kept galvanometers fixed to his plants all the time and checked regularly to see what the plants were doing. If he was out of the office, he telephoned to find out about the signals the plants were sending. In this way, he found that the plants were sending out signals at the exact times when he felt strong pleasure or pain. In fact, Sauvin could cause a change in the electrical field of his plants over a distance of a few miles simply by thinking about them.
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A．he destroyed an insect
B．he destroyed a plant by pulling off its leaves
C．he found that plants could express feelings of shock
D．he found that plants could move and speak after all
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A．only when Backster Started to destroy plants
B．when Backster destroyed plants or other living things
C．only when he destroyed things such as insects
D．only when Backster placed the galvanometer on the leaves of the plants
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A．did not agree with Backster’s ideas
B．did not get the same sort of results as Backster did
C．got different results from Backster’s
D．found out some of the same things that Backster did
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B．A tree will signal when it has been cut down.
C．Sauvin could make his plants send out signals some distance away.
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Which animal has the fastest snapping jaw (顎)? If you're guessing a shark or perhaps a larger animal, you'll have to think smaller. The trap­jaw ant, which lives in Central and South America, moves its mouth parts at 35 to 63 meters per second. Another way to think about this is that the ant's jaws close at 125 to 233 kilometers per hour. That's 2, 300 times faster than the blink of an eye.
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Maybe even more amazing than how fast these ants grab food or even enemies is how they use this same energy to move. As the ant closes its jaws, it uses them to push off the ground—all faster than the eye can see without slow motion video. A snap of the jaw can send an ant up to 8.3 centimeters into the air. That's like someone who is 1.7 meters jumping 13 meters high! Not only can they quickly escape from enemies, but often a group of ants will start jumping all at once. It would be hard for their enemies to grab just one.
People have suspected the ants used their jaws to jump for over a century, but could only prove it with today's modern video equipment.
小題1:The fast speed of the trap­jaw ant's jaw lies in ________.
A．its light body
B．its springy system
C．its living environment
D．the length of its jaw
小題2:The passage uses “a bow and arrow” as an example to show ________.
A．how an arrow gets so much energy to fly
B．why the trap­jaw ants have springy system
C．why the trap­jaw ants jaws move so fast
D．how a bow and arrow works
小題3:Which of the following may amaze the scientists most?
A．How high the ants can leap by using their jaws.
B．How quickly the trap­jaw ants can move on the ground.
C．How wonderfully the springy system in the trap­jaw ants' jaws works.
D．How quickly the trap­jaw ants can grab food or enemies.
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B．their jaws make them difficult to recognize
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