3.假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文,請你修改你同桌的以下作文.文中共有10處語言錯誤,每句中最多有兩處,每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加,刪除或修改.
增加:在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(^),并在其下面寫出該加的詞.
刪除:把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉.
修改:在錯詞下劃一橫線,并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞.
注意:1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞;
      2.只允許修改10處,多者(從第11處起)不計分.
     We middle school students have had many tests or exam.We have achieved success and suffer failure.Different students take different attitudes to failure.Some is in low spirits when they don't do well in the exams.They usually lose their heart and no longer study so harder as before.But most students take an active attitude towards failure.They encourage themselves to be confidently.They try to find out but analyze the causes so that they will no longer make same mistakes.I agree with those which have active attitudes.As we are all know,failure is the mother of success.

分析 本文作者主要通過分析中學(xué)生對待考試失利的態(tài)度,旨在鼓勵學(xué)生們應(yīng)該積極地去面對它,因為失敗是成功之母.文中作者講到:中學(xué)生會經(jīng)歷很多的考試,他們獲得過成功,也遭受過失敗;不同的學(xué)生對待考試失敗有著不同的態(tài)度;有些人因此而情緒低落,甚至喪失信心,不再像從前那樣努力學(xué)習(xí);但是大多數(shù)人在面對失敗時,能鼓勵自己要有信心,找到并分析失敗的原因,從而避免再犯同樣的錯誤.最后,作者提出他贊同具有積極態(tài)度的學(xué)生,因為失敗是成功之母.

解答 We middle school students have had many tests or exam.We have achieved success and sufferfailure.
                                                                         exams                                              suffered
Different students take different attitudes to failure.Some is in low spirits when they 
                                                                                      are
don't do well in the exams.They usually lose their heart and no longer study so harder as before.
                                                                   去掉their                                       hard
But most students take an active attitude towards failure.They encourage themselves to be confidently
                                                                                                                                       confident
They try to find out butanalyze the causes so that they will no longer make∧same mistakes.
                            and                                                                         the
I agree with those which have active attitudes.As we are all know,failure is the mother of success.
                            who                                            去掉are

1.將exam改為exams   考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)    此處or之后省略了形容詞many,意為:許多的測驗或考試;故用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式exams
2.將suffer改為suffered    考查并列謂語的一致性     此處表達(dá)的是一種結(jié)果,意為:我們已經(jīng)取得了成功,并且也遭受過了失。还视矛F(xiàn)在完成時,由于and連接的兩個并列謂語在形式上應(yīng)保持一致,故用suffered
3.將is改為are     考查主謂一致      此處的主語some指"一些學(xué)生"表示復(fù)數(shù);故將謂語動詞改為are
4.去掉their     考查固定短語的用法     固定短語lose heart"喪失信心"或"情緒低落";lose one's heart"愛上";本句的意思是:他們通常喪失信心;故去掉the,用lose heart
5.將harder改為hard    考查形容詞的用法      此處用在"not so/as+形容詞或副詞的原級+as…"結(jié)構(gòu)中,表示原級比較,意為:他們通常喪失信心,并且不再像以前那樣努力學(xué)習(xí)了;故用hard
6.將confidently改為confident      考查形容詞的用法    本句的意思是:他們鼓勵自己要有信心;此處的動詞不定式短語用作賓語補足語,說明賓語 themselves 的狀況;故用形容詞形式
7.將but改為and       考查連詞的用法     此處用來連接兩個表示并列關(guān)系的謂語,意為:找到并分析原因;故用and
8.在same之前加the     考查固定用法       same 意為"相同的,同樣的",通常與定冠詞the連用;構(gòu)成the same
9.將which改為who     考查關(guān)系代詞的用法   根據(jù)句意"我同意那些具有積極態(tài)度的人的觀點"可知,此處是定語從句;先行詞 those 指人,在從句中作主語;由于which指物,故用who
10.去掉are    考查系動詞的用法     系動詞的后面不能跟動詞原形,其后可以跟非謂語動詞作表語;根據(jù)句意"正如我們所知道的那樣"可知,此處的謂語是 know;故去掉are

點評 短文改錯是集語法知識與語言技能為一體的綜合性試題,主要考查學(xué)生對詞匯、語法和語篇三要素的把握能力.錯誤類型一般有:缺詞、多詞和錯詞.常見的錯誤有:1 詞法錯誤,主要包括動詞、名詞、冠詞、形容詞、副詞、代詞和介詞等詞類誤用、同義詞混淆使用、固定搭配等方面.解答此類試題時,需要正確分析句子成分,熟練掌握各詞類的用法以及掌握一些固定搭配等.2 常見句法錯誤.通常表現(xiàn)為簡單句、復(fù)合句以及疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句和強調(diào)句等錯誤.解答此類試題時,需要掌握各類句子的句式結(jié)構(gòu)及意義用法.3 應(yīng)在理解文章大意的前提下,進(jìn)行作答.

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