Since the beginning of history, man has been attracted by the idea of living forever, of winning the fight against death and disease. So far, this has only remained a dream. Many people have wondered whether it would be possible to find a way to preserve human bodies, and what would be the best way.
It has long been known that meat of fruit can be kept fresh for long periods by freezing; in ancient China, for example, food was stored with ice to keep it fresh. This method could also be useful for preserving humans.
However, most living beings that exist under warm conditions die when frozen. This is because of the harmful effects of freezing ice crystals(晶體), which not only are larger than the volume(體積) of the water originally in the cells, but also form sharp cutting shapes that harm the cells.
In the 1940s Dr B.J. Luyet and a group of scientists in England were working on the problem of freezing cells without damaging them. Since the harm caused by ice crystals was the main cause of damage, Luyet suggested removing some or all of the water from the cells before freezing them.
Using living cells form chicken, Luyet and his assistants discovered that they could partly dry the chicken cells, using a mixture of the white part of an egg and glycerin (丙三醇). Some success was obtained. The chicken cells were dried, frozen for a period of time, and then carefully unfrozen. Almost all the cells recovered when they reached normal temperatures.
Since then, the cooling of whole animals to a temperature far below freezing point for later unfreezing has become more of a possibility, and the glycerin method would probably be used to accomplish this. When this can be done completely and successfully, science will have moved much closer to its aim of freezing and storing incurable patients until the day they can be cured.
小題1:What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．Easy but practical ways to remove water from living cells.
B．The possibility of preserving human bodies by freezing.
C．The practice of preserving food by freezing.
D．The harmful effects of freezing.
小題2:The idea of freezing human bodies to preserve them ______________.
A．has already been realized
B．was invented in ancient China
C．has its roots in the way of storing food
D．is widely accepted by the scientific world
小題3:According to the text, freezing _________________.
A．is harmful to living cells
B．is the best way of preserving food
C．reduces the volume of water in living cells
D．is a way of removing water from living cells
小題4:What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．It is impossible to have whole animals frozen.
B．It remains unknown how to unfreeze frozen animals.
C．Freezing incurable patients for later treatment is still an idea.
D．The glycerin method has already been adopted to treat patients.

小題1:B
小題2:C
小題3:A
小題4:C

試題分析：這篇文章講的是通過(guò)冷凍的方法保存人類身體的可能性。因?yàn)槔鋬鰧?duì)活的細(xì)胞是有害的，科學(xué)家用glycerin方法解決了這個(gè)問(wèn)題，這個(gè)方法可用于冷凍不可治愈的病人供以后治療。
小題1:主旨題：從第一段的句子：Many people have wondered whether it would be possible to find a way to preserve human bodies, and what would be the best way. 可知這篇文章講的是通過(guò)冷凍的方法保存人類身體的可能性。選B
小題2:細(xì)節(jié)題：從第二段的句子：It has long been known that meat of fruit can be kept fresh for long periods by freezing; in ancient China, for example, food was stored with ice to keep it fresh. This method could also be useful for preserving humans. 可知冷凍保存人類身體的辦法是來(lái)自于保存食品。選C
小題3:細(xì)節(jié)題：從第三段的句子：This is because of the harmful effects of freezing ice crystals(晶體), which not only are larger than the volume(體積) of the water originally in the cells, but also form sharp cutting shapes that harm the cells 可知冷凍對(duì)活的細(xì)胞是有害的，選A
小題4:細(xì)節(jié)題：從最后一段的句子：When this can be done completely and successfully, science will have moved much closer to its aim of freezing and storing incurable patients until the day they can be cured. 可知冷凍不可治愈的病人供以后治療還是一個(gè)想法。選C
點(diǎn)評(píng)：這篇文章講的是通過(guò)冷凍的方法保存人類身體的可能性。這篇閱讀理解集中考查了細(xì)節(jié)理解題，要求考生仔細(xì)閱讀全文，做好相應(yīng)的標(biāo)志，以提高閱讀的效率和速度，做題時(shí)要審清題干，發(fā)覺和把握試題中有效的提示性信息，確認(rèn)命題的角度、閱讀范圍和答題方式。
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：完形填空

Almost everyone wants to get smarter. We struggle to improve our  36_ , intelligence and attention. We drink cup after cup of coffee to help us  37_  the day.
 38 __, a new study published in Current Directions in Psychological Science warns that there are 39___ to how smart humans can get.
Each of our body parts develops in a certain way for a reason.  40  _, we are not 3 meters tall  41 _ most people’s hearts are not strong enough to send  42 _  up that high. Scientists say that our thinking ability works in the same way. A baby’s brain size is limited by a series of __43  , such as the size of the mother’s pelvis (骨盆). If our brains developed to be bigger, there could be more  44  during childbirth.
The study of Jews, who have an average IQ much _ 45_  than other Europeans, showed they were more  _46_  to develop diseases of the  _47_  system. This might be because of their increased brainpower.
If intelligence cannot be improved, can we at least get better at _ 48 _ ? Not really, say scientists. They studied  _49_  like caffeine (咖啡因)that improve attention. They found the drugs only helped people with serious  50 _ problems. For those who did not have trouble paying attention, the drugs could have the  51 _ effect. Scientists say that this suggests there is a(n)  52 limit to how much people can or should concentrate.
Our memory is also a “double-edged sword”. People with extremely good memories could  53__ having a difficult life because they cannot  _54 bad things that happen to them.
Thomas Hills, one of the authors of the paper, said that   55  all the problems in trying to get smarter, it’s unlikely that there will ever be a “super mind”.
小題1:
A．a(chǎn)bilityB．characterC．memoryD．emotion
小題2:
A．go throughB．put throughC．get throughD．carry through
小題3:
A．ThoughB．ThereforeC．HoweverD．Meanwhile
小題4:
A．standardsB．measuresC．rangesD．limits
小題5:
A．At firstB．In additionC．For exampleD．Above all
小題6:
A．untilB．becauseC．beforeD．so that
小題7:
A．blood B．informationC．breathD．strength
小題8:
A．factors B．reasonsC．a(chǎn)spectsD．effects
小題9:
A．chancesB．deaths C．choicesD．lives
小題10:
A．smarterB．betterC．lowerD．higher
小題11:
A．likelyB．possibleC．probableD．sure
小題12:
A．physicalB．bodilyC．personalD．nervous
小題13:
A．exercisingB．concentrating C．memorizingD．thinking
小題14:
A．poisonsB．drinks C．plants D．drugs
小題15:
A．a(chǎn)ttentionB．familyC．healthD．living
小題16:
A．sameB．opposite C．differentD．similar
小題17:
A．lowerB．smallerC．upper D．higher
小題18:
A．end up B．make upC．start upD．come up
小題19:
A．forgetB．rememberC．performD．share
小題20:
A．supposingB．concerningC．consideringD．regarding

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

An Ofsted (英國(guó)教育標(biāo)準(zhǔn)辦公室）study reports that teachers are discouraging students who want to leave school and work as apprentices (學(xué)徒）in beauty salons (美容中心）or hair dressers.
　　Inspectors questioned 105 young people for a report on apprenticeships published on Wednesday. They found several examples of young people who felt they had been laughed at by their teachers for wanting to progress to work-based learning, particularly in care or hairdressing, rather than stay on at school.
　　Right or wrong, is it any surprise that this is happening? From 2014，the government will measure schools according to the rate of their pupils who go to university. Brian Lightman , general secretary of the Association of School and College Leaders, says the government has already put teachers under “very great pressure to focus on academic subjects”
　　On the other hand, the Education Act 2011，which came into force in November, places schools under a duty to give fair career advice to pupils. This advice must include information on all post-16 education and training choices, including apprenticeships. This doesn’t appear to be happening in several schools, according to Ofsted9S report. Many of the young people the inspectors talked to said the advice they had received on apprenticeships was “unsatisfactory”.
　　Schools were also blamed for lack of work experience courses, which are particularly important for teenagers considering an apprenticeship. They help students decide whether they enjoy a line of work and enable employers to see whether those on work experience have the potential to be hired as apprentices in future years.
　　But there is a good reason why they can’t do this: they’d be unable to adapt to GCSE (英國(guó)齊通中等教育證書）exams if they did. Sometimes, it seems, schools just can’t win.
小題1:Why do teachers oppose the students’ leaving school and working as apprentices?
A．The government urges teachers to concentrate on academic subjects.
B．The students are only wasting time working as apprentices.
C．Employers are under great pressure of taking GCSE exams.
D．Employers don’t give students chances to work as apprentices
小題2:Pressure for schools to provide pupils with career advice comes from ______. 
A．Association of School and College Leaders
B．Education Act 2011
C．GCSE exams
D．OFSTED
小題3:The underlined word “They” in Paragraph 5 refers to _____.
A．schools
B．employers
C．work experience courses
D．teenagers considering an apprenticeship
小題4:What does the author think of teachers’ discouraging students working as apprentices?
A．SurprisingB．Understandable
C．WrongD．Right

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The life-long benefits of teaching children how to take care of their money make it well worth the effort. Children who are not taught these lessons pay the consequences for a life time. Some parents don’t teach children about money because they think they shouldn’t talk about money with children, don’t have the time, or think they don’t have enough money. Parents should take the time to teach children about money regardless of their income and should start when children are young.
Most people have strong feelings and opinions about money, based on childhood experiences and the values and beliefs of their families. Most often, these experiences, values, and beliefs are different for each parent. Parents should talk about these feelings and opinions and establish an unchanging approach（方式） to teaching children about money. This is important for the healthy development of children.
Here are some tips that parents can keep in mind as they begin teaching their children to manage money:
★ Guide and advise your children how to spend their money, rather than tell them what they can and cannot do.
★ Encourage and praise children rather than criticize their actions.
★ Allow children to learn by mistakes and by successes.
★ Be consistent（前后一致的） while taking children’s differences into consideration.
★ Include all family members in money management discussions, decision making, and activities that are suitable for their age. As children get older include them in discussions of limits and consequences.
★ Expect all family members to do some everyday chores based on their abilities without being paid.
★ Express your desire to have things you can’t afford. Children need to know that parents say “no” to themselves, too.
小題1:It is _____ for parents to teach their children about money management in their childhood.
A．easyB．uselessC．too earlyD．beneficial
小題2:15-year-old Harry isn’t good at managing his money. His mother is advised to _____.
A．explain to him how to manage his money better
B．pay him more money to deal with his chores
C．praise him for what he has done
D．a(chǎn)llow him to buy what he wants
小題3:When parents discuss how to manage the family finances, they should _____.
A．include their children in the discussion
B．express their desire to have some valuable things
C．pay more attention to their children’s differences
D．try to meet their older children’s needs first

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

In a world with limited land, water and other natural resources, the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise. Actually, the past decade has seen more and more forests disappearing and the globe becoming increasingly warm. People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable（可持續(xù)的）ways. That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable products. In other words, we should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural resources.
Today, sustainable development is a proper trend in many countries. According to a recent study, the global market for low-carbon energy will become three times bigger over the next decade. China, for example, has set its mind on leading that market, hoping to seize chances in the new round of the global energy revolution. It is now trying hard to make full use of wind and solar energy, and is spending a huge amount of money making electric cars and high-speed trains. In addition, we are also seeing great growth in the global markets for sustainable products such as palm oil, which is produced without cutting down valuable rainforest. In recent years the markets for sustainable products have grown by more than 50%.
Governments can fully develop the potential of these new markets. First, they can set high targets for reducing carbon emissions（排放）and targets for saving and reusing energy. Besides, stronger arrangement of public resources like forests can also help to speed up the development. Finally, governments can avoid the huge expenses that are taking us in the wrong direction, and redirecting some of those expenses can accelerate the change from traditional model to a sustainable one.
The major challenge of this century is to find ways to meet the needs of growing population within the limits of this single planet. That is no small task, but it offers abundant new chances for sustainable product industries.
小題1:The traditional business model is harmful because of all the following EXCEPT that _________.
A．it consumes natural resources
B．it makes the world warmer
C．it brings severe damage to forests
D．it makes growth hard to continue
小題2: What can we infer from Paragraph 2?
A．China lacks wind and solar energy.
B．China is the leader of the low-carbon market.
C．Palm oil is made at the cost of valuable forests.
D．High-speed trains are a low-carbon development.
小題3:To fully develop the low-carbon markets, governments can ________.
A．cut public expenses B．encourage energy conservation
C．develop public resourcesD．forbid carbon emission
小題4:What is the main purpose of the passage?
A．To advocate sustainable development.B．To compare two business models.
C．To predict a change of the global market.D．To introduce a new business model.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Life on earth depends on water, and there is no substitute for it. The current assumption is that our basic needs for water—whether for drinking, agriculture, industry or the raising of fish—will always have to be met. Given this premise (前提), there are two basic routes we can go; more equal access to water or better engineering solutions.
Look at the engineering solutions first. A lot of my research concentrates on what happens to wetlands when you build dams in river basins, particularly in Africa. The ecology of such areas is almost entirely driven by the seasonal changes of the river—the pulse of the water. And the fact is that if you build a dam, you generally spoil the downstream ecology. In the past, such problems have been hidden by a lack of information. But in the near future, governments will have no excuses for their ignorance.
The engineers’ ability to control water flows has created new kinds of unpredictability, too. Dams in Africa have meant fewer fish, less grazing and less floodplain (洪泛區(qū)) agriculture, none of which were expected. And there average economic life is assumed to be thirty years. Dams don’t exist forever, but what will replace them is not clear.
The challenge for the future is to find new means of controlling water. Although GM technology(轉(zhuǎn)基因) will allow us to breed better dry-land crops, there is no market for companies to develop crops suitable for the micro-climates of the Sahel and elsewhere in Africa. Who is going to pay for research on locally appropriate crops in the Third World?
小題1:What’s the main idea of this passage?
A．The engineering solutions to water resource and their limitation.
B．The challenge for the future.
C．The basic means of controlling water.
D．The challenge for developing crops.
小題2:The author suggests that governments will have no excuse for their careless ignorance in the future because _____.
A．The ecological destruction will be known to the public by researchers
B．The ecological destruction will no longer be a problem in the future
C．The future is an information age
D．Governments will face greater challenge in the future
小題3:Which of the following statements is NOT true for meeting our basic needs for water?
A．Water resource should be used more reasonably.
B．More dams should be built in river basins.
C．More wetlands should be protected from destruction.
D．More dry-land crops could be developed in Africa.
小題4:The last sentence probably implies that _____.
A．No one will invest in developing locally appropriate crops in Africa
B．Researchers have no interest in developing dry-land crops
C．Research on locally appropriate crops in the Third World may be profitable
D．There is less water resource in the Third World

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

(The Guardian)：              More UK universities should be profiting from ideas
　　A repeated criticism of the UK's university sector is its noticeable weakness in translating new knowledge into new products and services.
　　Recently, the UK National Stem Cell Network warned the UK could lose its place among the world leaders in stem cell research unless adequate funding and legislation could be assured, despite an annual £40m spent by the Department of Health on all kinds of research.
　　However, we do have to challenge the unthinking complaint that the sector does not do enough in taking ideas to market. The most recent comparative data on the performance of universities and research institutions in Australia, Canada, USA and UK shows that, from a relatively weak starting position, the UK now leads on many indicators of commercialization activity.
　　When viewed at the national level, the policy interventions (interference) of the past decade have helped transformed the performances of UK universities. Evidence suggests the UK's position is much stronger than in the recent past and is still showing improvement. But national data masks the very large variation in the performance of individual universities. The evidence shows that a large number of universities have fallen off the back of the pack, a few perform strongly and the rest chase the leaders.
　　This type of uneven distribution is not strange to the UK and is mirrored across other economies. In the UK, research is concentrated: less than 25% of universities are receiving 75% of the research funding. These same universities are also the institutions producing the greatest share of PhD graduates, science citations, patents and license income. The effect of policies generating long-term resource concentration has also created a distinctive set of universities which are research-led and commercially active. It seems clear that the concentration of research and commercialization work creates differences between universities.
　　The core objective for universities which are research-led must be to maximize the impact of their research efforts. Their purpose is not to generate funds to add to the bottom line of the university or to substitute other income streams. Rather, these universities should be generating the widest range of social, economic and environmental benefits. In return for the scale of investment, they should share their expertise (expert knowledge or skill) in order to build greater confidence in the sector.
　　Part of the economic recovery of the UK will be driven by the next generation of research commercialization spilling out of our universities. On the evidence presented in my report, there are three dozen universities in the UK which are actively engaged in advanced research training and commercialization work.
　　If there was a greater coordination（協(xié)調(diào)）of technology transfer offices within regions and a simultaneous (happening at the same time) investment in the scale and functions of our graduate schools, universities could, and should, play a key role in positioning the UK for the next growth cycle.
小題1:What does the author think of UK universities in terms of commercialization?
A．They have lost their leading position in many ways.
B．They still have a place among the world leaders.
C．They do not regard it as their responsibility.
D．They fail to change knowledge into money.
小題2:What does the author say about the national data on UK universities’ performance in commercialization?
A．It masks the fatal weaknesses of government policy.
B．It indicates their ineffective use of government resources.
C．It does not rank UK universities in a scientific way.
D．It does not reflect the differences among universities.
小題3:We can infer from Paragraph 5 that “policy interventions (in Paragraph 4)” refers to _____.
A．concentration of resources in a limited number of universities
B．compulsory cooperation between universities and industries
C．government aid to non-research-oriented universities
D．fair distribution of funding for universities and research institutions
小題4:What dose the author suggest research-led universities do?
A．Fully use their research to benefit all sectors of society.
B．Generously share their facilities with those short of funds.
C．Advertise their research to win international recognition.
D．Spread their influence among top research institutions.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Honey from the African forest is not only a kind of natural sugar, it is also delicious.
Most people, and many animals, like eating it. However, the only way for them to get that honey is to find a wild bees' nest and take the honey from it. Often, these nests are high up in trees, and it is difficult to find them. In parts of Africa, though, people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper - a little bird called a honey guide.
The honey guide does not actually like honey, but it does like the wax in the beehives (蜂房). The little bird cannot reach this wax, which is deep inside the bees' nest. So, when it finds a suitable nest, it looks for someone to help it. The honey guide gives a loud cry that attracts the attention of both passing animals and people. Once it has their attention, it flies through the forest, waiting from time to time for the curious animal or person as it leads them to the nest. When they finally arrive at the nest, the follower reaches in to get at the delicious honey as the bird patiently waits and watches. Some of the honey, and the wax, always fall to the ground, and this is when the honey guide takes its share.
Scientists do not know why the honey guide likes eating the wax, but it is very determined in its efforts to get it. The birds seem to be able to smell wax from a long distance away. They will quickly arrive whenever a beekeeper is taking honey from his beehives, and will even enter churches when beeswax candles are being lit.
小題1:Why is it difficult to find a wild bees' nest?
A．It's small in size.B．It's hard to recognize.
C．It's covered with wax.D．It's hidden in trees.
小題2:What do the words "the follower" in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．A bee.B．A honey seeker.C．A bird.D．A beekeeper.
小題3:The honey guide is special in the way ________.
A．it goes to churchB．it gets its food
C．it sings in the forestD．it reaches into bees' nests
小題4:What can be the best title for the text?
A．Wild BeesB．Wax and Honey
C．Beekeeping in AfricaD．Honey-Lover's Helper

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Anne Whitney, a sophomore (大學(xué)二年級(jí)學(xué)生) at Colorado State University, first had a problem taking tests when she began college. "I was always well prepared for my tests. Sometimes I studied for weeks before a test. Yet I would go in to take the test, only to find I could not answer the questions correctly. I would blank out because of nervousness and fear. I couldn't think of the answer. My low grades on the tests did not show what I knew to the teacher. “Another student in biology had similar experiences. He said, "My first chemistry test was very difficult. Then, on the second test, I sat down to take it, and I was so nervous that I was shaking. My hands were moving up and down so quickly that it was hard to hold my pencil. I knew the material and I knew the answers. Yet I couldn't even write them down!"
　　These two young students were experiencing something called test anxiety. Because a student worries and is uneasy about a test, his or her mind does not work as well as it usually does. The student cannot write or think clearly because of the extreme tension and nervousness. Contrary to people’s common belief that poor grades are often a result of poor study habits, sometimes test anxiety plays a role in students’ achieving low grades. Recently, test anxiety has been recognized as a real problem, not just an excuse or a false explanation of lazy students.
　　Special university advising courses try to help students. In these courses, advisors try to help students by teaching them how to manage test anxiety. At some universities, students take tests to measure their anxiety. If the tests show their anxiety is high, the students can take short courses to help them deal with their tensions. These courses teach students how to relax their bodies. Students are trained to become calm in very tense situations. By controlling their nervousness, they can let their minds work at ease. Learned information then comes out without difficulty on a test.
　　An expert at the University of California explains, " With almost all students, relaxation and less stress are felt after taking our program. Most of them experience better control during their tests. Almost all have some improvement. With some, the improvement is very great. "
小題1:To "blank out" is probably______.
A．to be like a blanket B．to be sure of an answer
C．to be unable to think clearlyD．to show knowledge to the teacher
小題2:Poor grades are usually believed to be the result of______.
A．poor sleeping habit B．laziness
C．test anxiety D．inability to form good study habits
小題3:Test anxiety has been recognized as______.
A．a(chǎn)n excuse for lazinessB．the result of poor study habits
C．a(chǎn) real problem D．something that cannot be changed
小題4:A University of California advisor said______.
A．a(chǎn)ll students could overcome the anxiety after taking a special test anxiety program
B．a(chǎn)lmost all students felt less stress after taking a University of California advising course
C．students found it difficult to improve even though they had taken a special test anxiety course
D．students found it easy to relax as soon as they entered a University of California advising course

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