A child who has once been pleased with a tale(神話故事) likes, as a rule, to have it retold in almost the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as formal texts. It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual situation of the time and the child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better.

 A change made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or making him sad thinking. To prove the latter, one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often sorry for cruelty than those who had not. As to fears, there are, I think, some cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy story. Often, however, this arises(出現(xiàn)) from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.

There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, two-headed dragons, magic carpets, etc. do not exist; and that, instead of being fond of the strange side in fairy tales, the child should be taught to learn the reality by studying history. I find such people, I must say so peculiar(奇怪的) that I do not know how to argue with them. If their case were sound, the world should be full of mad men attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a stick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their beloved girl-friend.

No fairy story ever declared to be a description of the real world and no clever child has ever believed that it was.

1. The author considers that a fairy story is more effective when it is _______.

A. repeated without any change                B. treated as a joke

C. made some changes by the parent            D. set in the present

2. According to the passage, great fear can take place in a child when the story is _______.

A. in a realistic setting                       B. heard for the first time

C. repeated too often                           D. told in a different way

3. The advantage claimed(提出) for repeating fairy stories to young children is that it _______.

A. makes them less fearful              

B. develops their power of memory

C. makes them believe there is nothing to be afraid of

D. encourages them not to have strange beliefs

4. One of the reasons why some people are not in favor of fairy tales is that _______.

A. they are full of imagination. 

B. they just make up the stories which are far from the truth.

C. they are not interesting.

D. they make teachers of history difficult to teach.

【小題1】C

【小題2】B

【小題3】A

【小題4】B

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Why are so many people so afraid of failure? Quite simply because no one tells us how to fail so that failure becomes an experience that will lead to growth. We forget that failure is part of the human condition and that every person has the right to fail.?

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B. how to fail?

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A. the world is full of failures 　　　　　　 

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完形填空（共10小題；每小題2分，滿分20分）
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意；然后從21-30各題所給的A、B、C和D選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
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When children grow up and want to __23__, their parents do not owe them a down payment on a house．They do not have the duty to baby-sit their grandchildren．If they want to do it, it must be considered a __24__ not an obligation．
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21．A．find                      B．get                         C．a(chǎn)fford                     D．receive
22．A．supply                    B．help                       C．hand                       D．way
23．A．get married             B．get a job                 C．go abroad               D．live alone
24．A．pleasure                  B．favor                      C．habit                      D．service
25．A．worth                     B．a(chǎn)ffair                      C．belief                            D．respect
26．A．unknown                B．unusual                   C．unsure                    D．unfair
27．A．properly                 B．gently                     C．nearly                    D．possibly
28．A．now and then          B．in time                   C．a(chǎn)t once                   D．right now
29．A．failure                    B．honor                     C．progress                  D．test
30．A．mixed                    B．satisfied                  C．shared                    D．balanced

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In America,where labor costs are so high, do-it-yourself is a way of life.Many people  36 their own car,build their own garages,even rebuild their own  37 .Soon they may also be writing their own books.In Hollywood there is a company  38 publishes(出版) Children’s books  39  the help of computers.Although other book  40  also publish that way,this particular company is very  41  .It “personalizes”（使個(gè)性化）the book by having the computer make the reader the leading character in the story.Here is  42  they do it.Let us say your child  43  Jenny.She lives on Oak Drive in St. Louis,has a dog named Spot,a cat named Tabby,and three playmates  44  names are Betty,Sandy ,and Jody.The computer uses this  45 to fill out a story that has  46 been prepared and illustrated（發(fā)行）.The story is then printed（印刷） with standard equipment  47  a hard-cover book.A child who  48  such a book might say,”This book is about me”;the company therefore calls  49  the Me-book Publishing Company”.
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【小題1】
A．drive B．buyC．repairD．notice
【小題2】
A．housesB．busesC．TV setsD．computers
【小題3】
A．whereB．不填C．thatD．what
【小題4】
A．underB．withC．inD．by
【小題5】
A．stores B．librariesC．sellersD．companies
【小題6】
A．commonB．importantC．unusualD．ordinary
【小題7】
A．howB．whyC．whatD．where
【小題8】
A．namesB．to be named C．namingD．is named
【小題9】
A．whoB．who’sC．whoseD．that
【小題10】
A．newsB．information C．condition D．direction
【小題11】
A．a(chǎn)lreadyB．reallyC．carefully D．fully
【小題12】
A．a(chǎn)sB．thatC．likeD．such
【小題13】
A．givesB．borrowsC．looks for D．receives
【小題14】
A．themB．itselfC．yourselfD．it
【小題15】
A．thatB．whatC．whichD．those
【小題16】
A．ButB．AndC．SoD．Therefore
【小題17】
A．foundedB．invented C．foundD．heard of
【小題18】
A．developing B．workingC．seeingD．improving
【小題19】
A．a(chǎn) boyB．a(chǎn) girlC．a(chǎn) studentD．a(chǎn) child
【小題20】
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Spiderman is one of the most famous comic book heroes of all time．He was created by Stan Lee in 1963 and was first introduced to the world in the pages of Marvel comic books．
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Life is not easy for Peter even though he is a superhero．He is in love with Mary Jane but cannot tell her about his amazing powers．Besides，his best friend Harry hates Spiderman! Peter is also short of money and time．He has to sell photos of Spiderman(himself!)to a newspaper and he keeps losing his other jobs because he’s so busy saving people! Yet he has to fight different kinds of cruel enemies．
【小題1】Who created Spiderman?

A．Peter Parker．B．Marvel．C．Stan LeeD．Superman．
【小題2】What happened to Peter Parker after he was bitten by the spider?
A．He could not see with his eyes．B．He became a spider．
C．He was sick．D．[He developed spider-like powers．
【小題3】What does “with great power，there must also come great responsibility” mean?
A．Powerful people can do whatever they like．
B．People with power are always good．
C．Powerful people are to blame for all the bad things that happen．
D．Powerful people should have a responsibility to do good．

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Attitude is an internal state that influences the choices of personal action made by the individual. Some researchers consider that attitudes come from differences between beliefs and ideas; others believe that attitudes come from emotional states. Here, we focus on the effects of attitudes upon behavior, that is, upon the choices of action made by the individual.
The kinds of actions taken by human beings are obviously influenced greatly by attitudes. Whether one listens to classical music or rock, whether one obeys the speed limit while driving, whether one encourages one’s husband or wife to express his or her own ideas—all are influenced by attitudes. These internal states are acquired throughout life from situations one is faced with in the home, in the streets, and in the school.
Of course, the course of action chosen by an individual in any situation will be largely determined by the particulars of that situation. An individual who has a strong attitude of obeying laws may drive too fast when he is in a hurry and no police cars in sight. A child who has a strong attitude of honesty may steal a penny when she thinks no one will notice. But the internal state which remains unchanged over a period of time, and which makes the individual behave regularly in a variety of situations, is what is meant by an attitude.
Attitudes are learned in a variety of ways. They can result from single incidents, as when an attitude toward snakes is acquired by an experience in childhood at the sudden movement of a snake. They can result from the individual’s experiences of success and pleasure, as when someone acquires a positive attitude toward doing crossword puzzles by being able to complete some of them. And frequently, they are learned by copying other people’s behavior, as when a child learns how to behave toward foreigners by observing the actions of his parents. Regardless of these differences, there is something in common in the learning and modification（修正）of attitudes.
【小題1】 According to the passage, attitudes _________.

A．come from different situations in one’s life
B．a(chǎn)re largely affected by one’s behavior
C．remain unchanged in one’s daily life
D．could be chosen according to one’s will
【小題2】The author uses the examples in Paragraph 3 to show _________.
A．people often make mistakes when they are not noticed
B．people with good attitudes may sometimes do bad deeds
C．particulars of a situation may influence an individual’s action
D．a(chǎn)n individual may change his or her attitude fairly easily
【小題3】Which of the following is TRUE about the learning of attitudes?
A．Attitudes are only learned through one’s success.
B．Attitudes learned in danger will last longer.
C．Copying others behavior is not a good idea.
D．Attitudes can be learned from one’s parents.
【小題4】What would be the best title for the passage?
A．Differences of Attitudes.
B．Nature of Attitude.
C．Choices of Attitudes.
D．Modification of Attitude.

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