Question

【題目】 For the most part, American children aren’t great at math. But Chinese children tend to be excellent. It’s consistently found Chinese students at the top of the academic pile and Americans much nearer the bottom.

In Lenora Chu’s book “Little Soldiers: An American Boy, a Chinese School”, she begins to reveal the cultural differences that lead to this gap. The differences she notices in children’s focus and discipline are dramatic, but she also notices cultural differences that influence how Chinese schools are run, and the reason why its students test so well. Along with factors such as highly trained teachers and an emphasis on memorizing before pursuing deeper understanding, the difference comes down to a belief that has begun slowly making its way across the US: achievement is the result of hard work, not natural ability.

This approach comes from a firm belief that anything is possible with hard work, with chiku, or “eating bitter”. Studies show that for kids who score poorly. Chinese teachers believe a lack of effort—rather than of smarts — is to blame.

Stanford psychologist Carol Dweck, author of “Mindset (心態(tài))”, is responsible for making up the terms “growth mindset” and “fixed mindset”. Chinese students are trained to have a growth mindset: if they aren’t doing well, they’11 work harder, and they’ll be successful. American children tend to be trained to have a fixed mindset about academics: their abilities are largely predetermined and static. If they aren’t doing well, it’s because they’re not good at it.

In America students are told that learning is fun and easy. But real learning is actually very difficult and takes suffering and anxiety. If you’re not willing to go through that you’re not going to learn deeply. The downside is these students often give up when something gets hard or when it’s no longer fun.

【1】According to Lenora Chu, what contributes most to the Chinese students’excellent academic performance?

A.School operation model.B.The emphasis on memorizing.

C.High-qualified teachers.D.Chinese culture.

【2】According to Chinese teachers, students failing an exam are______.

A.lazyB.slow

C.unfocusedD.foolish

【3】Which of the following is TRUE according to Carol Dweck’s theory?

A.A majority of Chinese students are born excellent learners.

B.American students tend to believe learning ability is genetically determined.

C.Amerlcan students should choose a Chinese school to achieve success.

D.American students are lacking in a fixed mindset, compared to Chinese students.

【4】What can we learn from the last paragraph?

A.Students should study in a fun way.

B.American students are always anxious about their study.

C.American students have no difficulty in learning deeply.

D.Diligence plays an essential part in learning.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】A

【3】B

【4】D

【解析】

這是一篇說(shuō)明文 。文章闡述了中美兩國(guó)因?yàn)槲幕�差異�?dǎo)致了對(duì)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的不同看法。

【1】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段In Lenora Chu’s book “Little Soldiers: An American Boy, a Chinese School”, she begins to reveal the cultural differences that lead to this gap.(在Lenora Chu的書(shū)Little Soldiers: An American Boy, a Chinese School中，她開(kāi)始揭示導(dǎo)致這一差距的文化差異)可知，Lenora Chu認(rèn)為中美學(xué)生之間的差異是因文化差異引起的。即中國(guó)文化讓中國(guó)學(xué)生在學(xué)業(yè)上變得優(yōu)秀。故選D項(xiàng)。

【2】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段Studies show that for kids who score poorly. Chinese teachers believe a lack of effort — rather than of smarts — is to blame.(研究表明，對(duì)于成績(jī)差的孩子來(lái)說(shuō)。中國(guó)的老師們認(rèn)為，問(wèn)題的癥結(jié)在于缺乏努力，而不是缺乏智慧)可知，中國(guó)老師認(rèn)為，考試不及格的學(xué)生是懶惰的。故選A項(xiàng)。

【3】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段American children tend to be trained to have a fixed mindset about academics: their abilities are largely predetermined and static. If they aren’t doing well, it’s because they’re not good at it.(美國(guó)兒童往往被訓(xùn)練成對(duì)學(xué)術(shù)有一種固定的心態(tài)：他們的能力很大程度上是預(yù)先決定的，而且是靜態(tài)的。如果他們做得不好，那是因?yàn)樗麄儾簧瞄L(zhǎng))可知，美國(guó)學(xué)生傾向于認(rèn)為學(xué)習(xí)能力是由基因決定的。原文中的“預(yù)先決定和靜態(tài)”指的就是遺傳或者基因。綜合分析，故選B項(xiàng)。

【4】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段In America students are told that learning is fun and easy. But real learning is actually very difficult and takes suffering and anxiety. If you’re not willing to go through that you’re not going to learn deeply. The downside is these students often give up when something gets hard or when it’s no longer fun.(在美國(guó)，學(xué)生們被告知學(xué)習(xí)是有趣而簡(jiǎn)單的。但真正的學(xué)習(xí)實(shí)際上是非常困難的，需要痛苦和焦慮。如果你不愿意經(jīng)歷這些，你就不能深入學(xué)習(xí)。缺點(diǎn)是，當(dāng)事情變得困難或不再有趣時(shí)，這些學(xué)生往往會(huì)放棄)可知，因?yàn)閷W(xué)習(xí)是困難、痛苦和焦慮的，所以學(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)程中勤奮刻苦是很重要的。故選D項(xiàng)。