15．A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes，as a rule，to have it retold in almost the same words，but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as formal texts．It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book，and，if a parent can produce what，in the actual circumstances of the time and the individual child，is an improvement on the printed text，that's much better．
A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or making him sad thinking．To prove the latter，one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often guilty of cruelty than those who had not．As to fears，there are，I think，some cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy story．Often，however，this arises from the child who has heard the story once．Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered．
There are also people who are opposed to fairy stories in that they are not true，that giants，witches，two-headed dragons，magic carpets，etc．do not exist； and that，instead of being fond of the strange side in fairy tales，the child should be taught how to adapt to reality by studying history and mechanics．I find such people，I must say so strange that I do not know how to argue with them．If their cases were sound，the world should be full of mad men attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a stick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their beloved girlfriend．
No fairy story has ever claimed to be description of the real world and no clever child has ever believed that it was．
32．The author considered that a fairy story is more effectiveD．
A．when a story is repeated without any change
B．when we treat a story as a joke
C．when the story is set in the present time
D．when the parent makes some changes about a story
33．According to the passage，when can great fear take place in a child？A
A．When a story is heard for the first time．
B．When a story is in a realistic setting．
C．When a story is repeated too often．
D．When a story is told in a different way．
34．What is the advantage claimed for repeating fairy stories to young children？C
A．Encouraging them not to have strange beliefs．
B．Developing their power of memory．
C．Making them less fearful
D．Making them believe there is nothing to be afraid of．
35．The author's mention of sticks and telephones is meant to suggest thatD．
A．fairy stories are still being made up
B．there is more concern for children's fears nowadays
C．people try to update old fairy stories
D．there is some misunderstanding about fairy tales．
分析 有些人認(rèn)為神話不現(xiàn)實，都是教孩子一些不存在的東西，會對孩子有不好的影響．作者駁斥了對神話故事的種種指責(zé)和誤解．
解答 32．D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第一段的if a parent can produce what，in theactual situation of the time and the child，is an improvement on the printed text，so muchthe better．可知，如果父母能夠創(chuàng)設(shè)一種真實的語境展示給孩子，是對文字故事的改進(jìn)，那就更好了．所以父母對故事做些改動會更有效，故選D．
33．A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第二段的this arises（出現(xiàn)） from the child having heard the story once．可知，這是因為這些孩子曾經(jīng)聽過這個故事，所以孩子第一次聽故事時孩子會產(chǎn)生極大的恐懼，故選A．
34．C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第二段的Familiarity with the story by repetition turns thepain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered．可知，通過重復(fù)熟悉故事，把恐懼的痛苦轉(zhuǎn)化為面對恐懼和掌握的快感．所以對小孩重復(fù)講神話故事的好處是使他們不那么害怕，故選C．
35．D 推理判斷題．有些人認(rèn)為神話不現(xiàn)實，都是教孩子一些不存在的東西，會對孩子有不好的影響．作者用虛擬語氣作了一個假設(shè)，如果這些觀點站得住腳的話，可能會出現(xiàn)這樣的情況：the world should be full of mad men attempting to fly from New York toPhiladelphia on a stick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief thatit was their beloved girl-friend．世界上到處都是瘋狂的男人，他們試圖用棍子從紐約飛到費城，或者用電話親吻對方，以為那是他們心愛的女朋友．可見持這種觀點的人實際上是對神話的一種誤解．
點評 本文是社會文化類閱讀，主要考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題和推理判斷題．在做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時，首先根據(jù)題目要求迅速在文章里找出相應(yīng)的段落、句子或短語．認(rèn)真比較選項和文中細(xì)節(jié)的區(qū)別，在做推理判斷題時不要以個人的主觀想象代替文章的事實，要根據(jù)文章事實進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷．
