Patients trust health professionals as a source of advice on behavior change. However, many health professionals dodge giving advice on that. They find traditional behavior change strategies (方法) time-consuming to explain. Besides, it’s difficult for the patient to achieve. Furthermore, even when patients successfully start the recommended changes，the gains are often short-lived because few of the traditional behavior change strategies have built-in mecha-nisms for maintenance (保持).

Meanwhile, brief advice is usually based on advising patients on what to change and why (for example, reducing fat intake lo reduce the risk of heart attack). Psychologically, such advice can be followed only if conscious motivation is engaged. However, the effects are typically short-Jived because motivation and attention will decline. Brief advice on how to change, engaging automatic processes, may offer a valuable alternative with potential for long-term influence— habit.

Within psychology, we define “habits” as actions that are caused automatically in response to reminders. These reminders have been associated with performances. For example, automatically washing hands after using the toilet. Decades of psychological research consistently show that mere repetition of a simple action in a consistent context leads to the action being activated upon .following exposure to those contextual cues (環(huán)境暗示). Once starting of the action goes to outside reminders, dependence on conscious attention or motivational processes is reduced. Therefore habits are likely to remain even after conscious motivation or interest disappears.

1.Which word can best replace the underlined word “dodge” in Paragraph 1?

A. Risk. B. Avoid.

C. Appreciate. D. Admit.

2.What plays the key role in patients’ taking advice?

A. Reasons to change. B. Ways to change.

C. Increasing attention. D. Intended motivation.

3.What may help to keep habits after interest disappears?

A. Outside reminders. B. Mere repetition.

C. Conscious attention. D. Brief advice.

4.What is the passage mainly about?

A. Motivation to form habits. B. Conflicts between patients and professionals.

C. Habits to change behavior. D. Advice from professionals to patients.

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