Question

Losing weight comes with a lot of health benefits—including making your brain sharper.
Yes, it turns out that overweight may damage cognitive functions (認(rèn)知功能) such as memory and attention. There have been few studies of overweight and cognitive functioning, possibly because it is generally believed that it is not a primary risk cause for poor cognitive performance. Losing weight, therefore, may help improve these mental functions, according to a new research led by John Gunstad, assistant professor of psychology at Kent State University.
Growing evidence suggests that being fat is linked to cognitive deficits (缺陷). So Gunstad and his team guessed that losing weight might improve mental function. For their study, they measured memory and attention in a group of 150 overweight participants, some of whom had some kind of operation for weight loss and some did not. All of the volunteers completed mental skills tests to assess their abilities of memory and attention at the beginning of the study, and again 12 weeks later. To begin with, about 24% of the patients showed damaged learning and 23% showed signs of poor memory when tested. At the end of the study, those who had lost weight after operation improved their scores into the average or above average range for cognitive functions. Scores for the volunteers who didn’t lose weight dropped even further.
The study helped Gunstad to find out whether losing weight had any effect on mental function. Now that he’s seen the positive effect that weight loss can have on memory and attention, he says he will next study those who choose to lose weight by the traditional way—eating healthier and getting more active. He expects that losing weight in this way will have a similarly positive effect on the brain. “If we can improve the condition with operations, then we can probably produce the same change with behavioral weight loss as well,” he says.
【小題1】There is less research on overweight and cognitive functions because researchers _____.

A．believe overweight only affects our body

B．have focused on ways to sharpen people’s mind

C．do not consider overweight a main cause for low cognitive ability

D．a(chǎn)re clear about the relation between weight and mental functions

【小題2】The result of Gunstad’s study shows that ______.

A．losing weight has little effect on people’s memory

B．losing weight can improve people’s mental functions

C．overweight people are likely to have psychology problems

D．overweight people’s abilities of concentration differ greatly

【小題3】What is Gunstad planning to prove next in his research?

A．Slim people are smarter than overweight people.

B．Healthy diet is better than exercise in losing weight.

C．Traditional ways of losing weight are better than operation.

D．Overweight people will get smarter by taking more exercise.

【小題4】Which of the following is the best title for th e text?

A．Body Weight and Health

B．Losing Weight by Operation

C．Ways to Improve Mental Functions

D．Losing Weight to S harpen Your MindD

Answer 1

【小題1】C  
【小題2】B
【小題3】D
【小題4】D

解析試題分析: 根據(jù)一項(xiàng)新的研究表明減肥會(huì)給人們帶來很多好處，其中之一就是讓人們更聰明。Gunstad和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)對150名肥胖人員進(jìn)行了調(diào)查，其中通過手術(shù)減肥的人們智力明顯比減肥前要高，由此他希望能夠在通過鍛煉減肥的人們身上也看到這種效果。
【小題1】C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中There have been few studies of overweight and cognitive functioning, possibly because it is generally believed that it is not a primary risk cause for poor cognitive performance.可知人們在此之前很少研究肥胖和認(rèn)知功能之間存在關(guān)系的原因是人們沒有認(rèn)為肥胖是導(dǎo)致認(rèn)知功能下降的基本原因，答案選C。
【小題2】B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章首段Losing weight, therefore, may help improve these mental functions,可知減肥可以改善大腦功能，故選B。
【小題3】D推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章末段Now that he’s seen the positive effect …… he says he will next study those who choose to lose weight by the traditional way—eating healthier and getting more active.可以判斷他在接下來要研究那些通過鍛煉和健康飲食減肥的人們，看是否健康減肥也存在這種對大腦的積極影響，選D。
【小題4】D主旨大意題。文章首段提出中心Losing weight comes with a lot of health benefits—including making your brain sharper.，然后在下文中對這項(xiàng)研究進(jìn)行詳細(xì)介紹，故D選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容可以概括文章中心，答案選D。
考點(diǎn)：考查科學(xué)知識(shí)類短文閱讀。