Question

Why do we laugh and get amusement from so many different things，from puns (雙關(guān)語) to pratfalls? Why are some things funny to some people and not to others? How is that while a successful joke can cause pleasure，a sick one can cause serious harm?
Over the centuries，various scholars have attempted to produce a universally agreed-upon theory of humor．Plato and Aristotle introduced the superiority(優(yōu)越感) theory，the idea that people laugh at the misfortune of others．Their theory seems to explain teasing，but it doesn’t work well for knock-knock jokes．Sigmund Freud argued for his relief theory，the concept that humor is a way for people to release psychological tension and reveal their inner fears and desires．His theory works well for dirty jokes，less well for most puns．
The majority of humor expels today agree with the incongruity theory，the idea that humor arises when there’s a gap between what people expect to happen and what actually happens．Incongruity has a lot going for it — jokes with unexpected funny lines，for example，fit well．But scientists have found that in comedy，unexpectedness is overvalued．
With the goal of developing a new，more satisfactory explanation，I produced “the gentle violation(違背)theory”，the idea that humor arises when something seems wrong or threatening，but is actually OK or safe．A dirty joke，for example，trades on moral or social violations，but it’s only going to get a laugh if the person listening is open enough to consider the subject OK to talk about．Similarly，puns can be seen as linguistic violations that still make grammatical sense．
And while most humor theories have struggled to account for tickling (撓癢癢)，or just avoided the phenomenon altogether，my theory accounts for even this kind of laughter．Tickling involves violating someone’s physical space in a gentle way．People can’t tickle themselves — because it isn’t a violation．
【小題1】What is the author’s attitude towards Plato and Aristotle’s theory?

A．Critical．

B．Approving

C．uncaring

D．Unclear

【小題2】According to Sigmund Freud’s theory，we can infer that __________ .

A．people will laugh when they see others suffer

B．telling dirty jokes is a relief of one’s nervous feelings ’

C．unexpectedness can explain how humor works

D．tickling doesn’t involve psychological tension

【小題3】According to the author，why are some things funny to some people but not to others?

A．Because the sense of humor varies greatly from person to person．

B．Because people have different expectations for the same thing．

C．Because some people lack the sense of safety deep in their heart．

D．Because people’s understanding of violation is different．

【小題4】What is the author’s main purpose of writing this passage?

A．To draw people’s attention to the research of humor．

B．To criticize people’s misconceptions about humor．

C．To explain what exactly causes people to laugh．

D．To prove the sense of humor can be developed．

Answer 1

【小題1】A
【小題2】B
【小題3】D
【小題4】C

解析試題分析: 一個笑話會讓有的人捧腹大笑，而有的人卻沒有反應(yīng)，甚至會心生惱怒，為什么人們的反應(yīng)會有所不同呢？作者認為這是由于人們的文化程度不同，理解程度不同，以及人們內(nèi)心接受的程度不同決定的。在本文中作者對此現(xiàn)象進行了分析，提出了幾種不同的理論。
【小題1】A。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段內(nèi)容Their theory seems to explain teasing，but it doesn’t work well for knock-knock jokes．…..．His theory works well for dirty jokes，less well for most puns．可知作者對Plato and Aristotle的理論是持批判態(tài)度的，答案選A。
【小題2】B。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段Sigmund Freud argued for his relief theory，the concept that humor is a way for people to release psychological tension and reveal their inner fears and desires．His theory works well for dirty jokes，less well for most puns．可知根據(jù)他的理論可知下流的笑話反應(yīng)了人內(nèi)心的恐懼和渴望，故答案選B。
【小題3】D。細節(jié)理解題。從文章第四段作者舉的例子A dirty joke，for example，…..Similarly，puns can be seen as linguistic violations that still make grammatical sense可以判斷人們對笑話的不同反應(yīng)是由人們的思想開放程度和文學素養(yǎng)決定的，換句話說也就是由一個人不同的理解認識程度決定的，故答案選D。
【小題4】C。推理判斷題。作者以設(shè)問的方式在文章開篇提出了幾個問題，提出為什么人們對于笑話會有不同的反應(yīng)，然后在下文提出了幾個相關(guān)的理論進行解釋，由此判斷作者的寫作目的就是解釋什么會博得人們的笑聲，故答案選C。
考點：考查社會知識類短文閱讀。