【題目】閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)單詞的或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

Scientists found that air pollution may be responsible 【1】 a big reduction in 【2】 (intelligent). Research showed that air pollution led to big falls in test 【3】 (score) for languages and mathematics. The study called "The influence of air pollution on cognitive (認(rèn)知的)performance"【4】(conduct) over four years ago. Researchers analyzed speaking and mathematics tests 【5】 (take) by 20,000 people of all ages. They said, "Polluted air may do harm to cognitive ability as people become older. "

The study is a warning to the rest of the world ,【6】(particular) those in cities. Over 91 percent of the world population live in areas with polluted air,【7】 is the fourth biggest cause of global deaths. Researchers discovered that the 【8】(long) people were exposed to polluted air, the greater their cognitive ability went down. They said air pollution caused a year' s worth of lost education. For those aged over 60, this could be several years. A researcher warned, "There 【9】be) no shortcut to solve this issue. Governments really need to take effective measures 【10】(reduce) air pollution. "

【答案】

【1】for

【2】intelligence

【3】scores

【4】was conducted

【5】taken

【6】particularly

【7】which

【8】longer

【9】is

【10】to reduce

【解析】

這是一篇說明文。一項(xiàng)研究表明空氣污染會導(dǎo)致人的智力降低。文章用研究結(jié)果來證明該研究，并呼吁政府采取措施解決這一問題。

【1】考查介詞。此處考查短語be responsible for“對……負(fù)責(zé)”，故填for。

【2】考查名詞。此處應(yīng)填intelligent的名詞作為in的賓語，故填intelligence。

【3】考查名詞的數(shù)。score“分?jǐn)?shù)”是可數(shù)名詞，結(jié)合語境判斷此處用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填scores。

【4】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。此處是句子謂語動(dòng)詞，由over four years ago判斷為一般過去時(shí)，又主語the study和conduct之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，主語是單數(shù)，故填was conducted。

【5】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子可知，此處是非謂語動(dòng)詞作后置定語，tests和take之間是邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作后置定語，故填taken。

【6】考查副詞。結(jié)合句意可知，此處意為“尤其”，其表達(dá)是particularly，故填particularly。

【7】考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞，先行詞polluted air在從句中充當(dāng)主語，故用關(guān)系代詞which，故填which。

【8】考查形容詞比較級。此處考查固定句型“the + 比較級， the + 比較級”越……；越……，故填longer。

【9】考查主謂一致。此處是句子謂語動(dòng)詞，本文講述一般事實(shí)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語shortcut是單數(shù)，故填is。

【10】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。此處考查短語take measures to do sth.“采取措施做某事”，用不定式作目的狀語，故填to reduce。

第7小題考查定語從句關(guān)系詞。確定定語從句關(guān)系詞一般分為三步：找出先行詞；分析先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)什么成分；考慮特殊情況。以本題為例：

找出先行詞：polluted air

分析先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)什么成分：polluted air在從句is the fourth biggest cause of global deaths.中充當(dāng)主語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞

考慮特殊情況：非限制性定語從句中不用that

故填which

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