12.In Japan many workers for large corporations have a guarantee of lifetime employment.They will not be laid off during recessions(經濟蕭條) or when the tasks they perform are taken over by robots.To some observes,this is capitalism at its best,because workers are treated as people not things.Others see it as necessarily inefficient and believe it cannot continue if Japan is to remain competitive with foreign corporations more concerned about profits and less concerned about people.
Defenders of the system argue that those who call it inefficient do not understand how it really works.In the first place not every Japanese worker has the guarantee of a lifetime job.The lifetime employment system includes only"regular employees".Many employees do not fall into this category,including all women.All businesses have many part-time and temporary employees.These workers are hired and laid off during the course of the business cycle just as employees in the United States are.These"irregular workers"make up about 10percent of the nonagricultural work force.Additionally,Japanese firms maintain some flexibility through the extensive use of subcontractors(分包單位).This practice is much more common in Japan than in the United States.
The use of both subcontractors and temporary workers has increased markedly in Japan since the 1974-1975recession.All this leads some to argue that the Japanese system is not all that different from the American system.During recessions Japanese corporations lay off temporary workers and give less business to subcontractors.In the United States,corporations lay off those workers with the least seniority(資歷).The difference then is probably less than the term"lifetime employment"suggests,but there still is a difference.And this difference cannot be understood without looking at the values of Japanese society.The relationship between employer and employee cannot be explained in purely contractual(合同的) terms.Firms hold on to the employees and employees stay with one firm.There are also practical reasons for not jumping from job to job.Most retirement benefits come from the employer.Changing jobs means losing these benefits.Also,teamwork is an essential part of Japanese production.Moving to a new firm means adapting to a different team and at least temporarily,lower productivity and lower pay.
74.According to the passage,a woman in JapanA.
A.cannot get a lifetime job
B.is impossible to get a part time job
C.will be employed for life
D.is among the regular workers
75Which of the following is NOT the reason why Japanese workers stay with one firm?B
A.they don't want to lose their retirement benefits.
B.they are not adaptable people.
C.any change of jobs will make them less paid.
D.they get used to the teamwork.
76.It can be inferred from the passage thatA.
A.those who want to change jobs frequently in Japan should think twice
B.those who are first laid off by American corporations are temporary workers
C.the use of subcontractors makes Japanese firms less flexible
D.the Japanese system is totally different from the American system
77.What does the passage mainly discuss?D
A.The extremely hard situation during recessions.
B.The extensive use of subcontractors in Japan.
C.The characteristics of corporations in the United States.
D.The features of lifetime employment in Japan.
分析 文章介紹了日本的終身雇傭制的特點.
解答 74-77 ABAD
74題答案是A.細節(jié)理解題,根據(jù)The lifetime employment system includes only"regular employees".Many employees do not fall into this category,including all women.可知婦女享受不到終身雇傭制.故選A.
75題答案是B.細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)Most retirement benefits come from the employer.Changing jobs means losing these benefits.Also,teamwork is an essential part of Japanese production.Moving to a new firm means adapting to a different team and at least temporarily,lower productivity and lower pay.可知換公司會影響到退休金,團隊協(xié)作及工資,所以日本人愿意待在一家公司.選項B不是原因,故選B.
76題答案是A.細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)Most retirement benefits come from the employer.Changing jobs means losing these benefits.Also,teamwork is an essential part of Japanese production.Moving to a new firm means adapting to a different team and at least temporarily,lower productivity and lower pay.可知日本人不要輕易換工作.故選A.
77題答案是D.文章大意題.通讀全文,文章講述了日本的終身雇傭制的特點.故選D.
點評 本文是政治經濟類閱讀理解.做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍,做題時結合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關語句進行仔細分析,結合選項選出正確答案.推理判斷題也是要在抓住關鍵句子的基礎上合理的分析才能得出正確答案,切忌胡亂猜測,一定要做到有理有據(jù).