閱讀理解。
     請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。注意：每空
格1個(gè)單詞。
     Quality after-school programs are designed to improve academic performance, decrease youth crimes and
other high-risk behaviors, and help young people grow into healthy, successful adults.
     The effect of quality after-school programs on academic performance is clear. Studies show that students
who take part in such programs show better work habits, higher rates of homework completion, improved
grades, and higher scores on achievement tests. They also have fewer absences and are less likely to blame.
After-school programs also influence high-risk teen behavior. Various studies show decreased rates of crime,
drug use, and teen sex among youth who join in well-run after-school programs when compared to similar
youth who do not. Finally, after-school programs play an important role in supporting the following fields of
development: physical development, mental development and social development. Thus, one can safely say that
after-school programming is an effective method to help young people become contributing members of society.
     Although there is enough proof from both small and large assessments that after-school programs can make
a positive difference, it is important to note that not all programs are equal. First, dosage (時(shí)量) matters-young
people who attend the most hours over the most years benefit more than members who attend less often or
over a shorter period of time. Next, after-school programs make bigger difference for those students who need
help most and have the fewest choices. Finally, program qualities matter. After-school programs work best
when they create unique opportunities for youth. They should provide opportunities for positive relationships,
skill building, meaningful involvement (參與), expression, suggestion, service, and work. Staff characteristics
make an important difference in the quality of a program. The adults should treat youth as partners, create safe
and fair environments, encourage personalized (個(gè)性化的) involvement, and actively create learning
opportunities. In short, although after-school programs have promising future, how they are designed and run
matters.
1. better 2. purposes 3. Despite 4. effectively 5. making
6. reduction 7. work 8. differently 9. offered / created 10. while
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來源：0128 期末題 題型：閱讀理解

閱讀理解。
     One is not born able to speak a language. One is born able to make a noise. I have heard babies cry in
America and in China. I can't tell any difference. But when I hear someone from America speak English
and hear someone speak Chinese, I can tell you there are a lot of differences.
     I believe a common problem with Chinese students' learning English is that they were not taught to think
in English. They have an idea spoken in English and want to translate the idea into Chinese, Then they think
in Chinese of the proper reply and translate it into English. After a long period of speaking the language, one
begins to think in the foreign language naturally. You will learn faster if you begin to think in English at the
very beginning of your study. Many students ask me: What can I do to improve my spoken English?
      My reply is: The more English you speak, the better English you will speak. There are many things you
can do to improve your spoken English. Of course, the best way is to live where English is spoken as a
language of the country.
1.  The cries of American and Chinese babies are ______.
A. different
B. the same
C. not like each other
D. like each other
2. The underlined sentence ( in Paragraph 2 ) means that _______.
A. some teachers didn't teach students to think in English
B. teachers never gave the students the way of learning English
C. students didn't remember the way teachers taught them
D. teachers didn't want their students to think in English
3.  The underlined word "they" ( in Paragraph 2 ) refers to "______".
A. Chinese students
B. English students
C. Chinese teachers
D. English teachers
4.  According to the article, which of the following is TRUE?
A. You must think in English all the time.
B. If you translate a sentence into Chinese, you should think about the meaning of the sentence
    in Chinese carefully first.
C. After speaking English for a long time, you may probably think in English naturally.
D. The best way of learning English is to live in America.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來源：上海高考真題 題型：閱讀理解

閱讀理解。
     In some children who go blind, certain parts of the brain that normally control vision appear to switch jobs
and focus instead on sound, a new study has found. 
     The study, by researchers at the University of Montreal, involved 7 adults who could see and 12 adults who had lost their vision when they were children. Each participant sat in a room with 16 loudspeakers at different
locations. The room was designed so that there were no echoes. During the experiment, the speakers irregularly produced sounds. Participants had to point to where the sounds were coming from. Meanwhile, the researchers monitored blood flow in the brains of the participants to see which brain structures were working during the
task.
      The results showed that five of the blind participants were very good at pointing to where sounds were
coming from. In these people, blood flow increased in the visual cortex- an area at the back of the right side of
the brain. This part of the brain is usually associated with vision.
     The other seven blind participants showed no increase in activity in the visual cortex. These people didn't
do very well at picking out where sounds were coming from. Now, the researchers are looking at whether these people have gained an enhanced sense of touch instead of sound to replace their lost vision.
     The scientists say that their study shows how adaptable parts of the brain can be.
1. The purpose of the experiment described in the passage is to find whether _____.
A. blind children can regain their sight
B. blind people have a better sense of sound
C. the sense of touch is better among blind people
D. blood flow in the brains of blind people is slower
2. The participants of the experiment were asked _____.
A. to tell the difference between 16 sounds
B. to take down the time each sound lasted
C. to identify the direction the sound came from
D. to detect the number of the loudspeakers.
3. During the experiment, blood flow in the brains of the participants was measured in order to _____.
A. learn about the way they react to echoes
B. look for the way of enhancing hearing ability
C. find which parts of the brain were functioning
D. expose the relationship between seeing and touching
4. Which of the following statements best summarizes the main idea of the passage?
A. Most blind people have a well-developed sense of touch.
B. People go blind because of the breakdown of their visual cortex.
C. Most blind people have a better sense of sound than normal people.
D. Human brains can adjust themselves after the loss of a certain function.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來源：0111 期末題 題型：閱讀理解

閱讀理解。
     閱讀下列材料, 從所給的六個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C、D、E和F）中，選出符合各小題要求的最佳選項(xiàng)。
選項(xiàng)中有一項(xiàng)是多余選項(xiàng)。
     The people below are all looking for a course on Chinese to study. Read the following information about
the six courses. Decide which course would be the most suitable for the people mentioned in questions 1-5.
One of the letters may not be chosen. 
1. Mathew majors in media and hopes to understand Chinese broadcasting and TV News and
   communicate with the Chinese people. 
2. Sarah is a Learner of Chinese with a fairly good knowledge of basic Chinese grammar and a vocabulary
   of 2500, hoping to improve her Chinese ability in speaking, reading and writing. 
3. Lois majors in Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language and hopes to improve her ability in translation. 
4. Dennis once has taught himself Chinese and can speak a little Chinese but with poor pronunciation and 
   grammar, hoping to meet the needs of everyday life and study, and understand each other in basic 
   communication through training. 
5. Georgia specializes in the Chinese language and culture at the average. He plans to have a tour in China.
A. Comprehensive language skill training 100 lessons in total focusing on pronunciation, grammar and
    discourse (語(yǔ)段). To enable the learner to master the basic knowledge of the Chinese language, to
    have the basic ability of listening, speaking, reading and writing, so that they are able to communicate
    with others and to meet the needs of everyday life, study and sociality. This will lay a foundation for
    further study of Chinese.
B. Intermediate (中等) Chinese Comprehensive Course 40 lessons in all, focusing on the training of the
    comprehensive skills of listening, speaking, reading and writing of intermediate Chinese. To enable the
    students to recognize, understand and use the active and less active words, to improve their ability of
    expressing themselves in paragraphs and discourse, to master the new words, patterns, grammatical
    structures, paragraphs and discourse and means of connections so as to express the meaning of the
    texts correctly and fluently in paragraphs and discourse.
C. News Listening Based on frequently used words, typical sentences and information and concentrating 
    on improving the ability of listening comprehension. To improve the ability of collecting information, to
   grasp the knowledge and skills they have learned and to understand the broadcasting and TV news of
   similar themes and relevant level of difficulty with the correctness of 80%. To build up the foundation
   for further study.
D. Elementary English-Chinese Translation 25 classes in total, including various styles such as poems, popular
    science, political comments and news, about every aspect of everyday life. The texts vary from easy to
    difficult and combine theory with practice as well as translation and interpretation. About 185 hours are
    needed. To familiarize the learner with the equivalent (對(duì)應(yīng)的) Chinese expressions of English. To enable
    them to know usage of Chinese and English words and sentences, cultural differences and the background
    knowledge.
E. Elementary Spoken Chinese in Business 24 units in all. Chinese words and expressions in business and trade
    are introduced in the form of vivid situational dialogues, notes and exercises. To enable the learner to master
    the words and expressions of elementary spoken business Chinese and to communicate with others in trade
    and business.
F. Chinese Human Geography Introduction to geographic environment and cultural phenomena in various parts
    of China, such as natural features, historical backgrounds, religious sites, ancient battle fields, dramas and
    arts, traditional products, and special food, etc. Through the introduction to historical and cultural sites and
     scenery, the learner will have a general view about Chinese geography, history, culture and regional features.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來源：0127 模擬題 題型：閱讀理解

閱讀理解。
     Scientists have devised a way to determine roughly where a person has lived using a strand (縷) of hair,
a technique that could help track the movements of criminal suspects or unidentified murder victims.
     The method relies on measuring how chemical variations in drinking water show up in people's hair.
     "You're what you eat and drink, and that's recorded in your hair," said Thure Cerling, a geologist at the
University of Utah.
     While U.S. diet is relatively identical, water supplies vary. The differences result from weather patterns.
The chemical composition of rainfall changes slightly as rain clouds move.
     Most hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water are stable, but traces of both elements are also present as
heavier isotopes (同位素). The heaviest rain falls first. As a result, storms that form over the Pacific deliver
heavier water to California than to Utah.
     Similar patterns exist throughout the U.S. By measuring the proportion of heavier hydrogen and oxygen
isotopes along a strand of hair, scientists can construct a geographic timeline. Each inch of hair corresponds
to about two months. Cerling's team collected tap water samples from 600 cities and constructed a map of
the regional difference. They checked the accuracy of the map by testing 200 hair samples collected from
65 barber shops. They were able to accurately place the hair samples in broad region roughly corresponding
to the movement of rain systems.
     "It's not good for pinpointing (精確定位)," Cerling said. "It's good for eliminating many possibilities."
     Todd Park, a local detective, said the method has helped him learn more about an unidentified woman
whose skeleton was found near Great Salt Lake. The woman was 5 feet tall. Police recovered 26 bones, a
T-shirt and several strands of hair. When Park heard about the research, he gave the hair samples to the
researches. Chemical testing showed that over the two years before her death, she moved about every two
months. She stayed in the Northwest, although the test could not be more specific than somewhere between
eastern Oregon and western Wyoming.
     "It's still a substantial area," Park said,"But it narrows its way down for me."
1. What is the scientists' new discovery?
A. One's hair growth has to do with the amount of water and drink.
B. A person's hair may show where they have lived.
C. Hair analysis accurately identifies criminal suspects.
D. The chemical composition of hair varies from person to person.
2. What is said about the rainfall in America's West?
A. There is much more rainfall in California than in Utah.
B. The water it delivers becomes lighter when it moves inland.
C. Its chemical composition is less stable than in other areas.
D. It gathers more light isotopes as it moves eastward.
3. What did Cerling's team produce in their research?
A. A map showing the regional difference of tap water.
B. A collection of hair samples from various barber shops.
C. A method to measure the amount of water in human hair.
D. A chart illustrating the movement of the rain system.
4. What is the practical value of Cerling's research?
A. It helps analyze the quantity of water in different regions.
B. It helps the police determine where a crime is committed.
C. It helps the police narrow down possibilities in detective work.
D. It helps identify the drinking habits of the person under investigation.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來源：0127 模擬題 題型：閱讀理解

閱讀理解。
     With eerily (怪異地) clear and quiet skies across the entire length and breadth of the United Kingdom, the
Icelandic volcanic eruption seems to create even more disruption and chaos. The major eruption from this
massive volcano has halted almost 500,000 people a day who wanted to fly in and out of the UK due to all
flights being suspended.
     The last time an event took place on such a large scale was roughly around two hundred years ago, but
as aircraft were not a factor then it had almost no effects at all, and the last time domestic flights were delayed
for any length of time was in the Second World War.
     A cloud of volcanic ash has risen 20,000 feet into the sky from a major eruption in Iceland which lies 700
miles north of the United Kingdom, so why would an event like this create so much fuss for Britons and parts
of Europeans?
     Volcanic ash contains tiny particles of glass and sulphur (硫), which when sucked into an aircraft's jet
engine can cause the engine to stop. This is the time when you can imagine a pretty catastrophic event to
happen. Back in 1982 an incident involving a jet aircraft and volcanic ash did exactly that. The ash caused all
engines to fail and it was only thanks to the skill of the pilot that everyone on board managed to survive.
     So the governing bodies of the airways have decided to cease all air traffic that could be affected by the
cloud of volcanic ash as it is carried by a southward wind down from the north of Scotland across the entire
length and breadth of the UK across the English Channel and over Europe.
      On land there have been statements that there is no danger to humans, but people with asthma and
respiratory diseases should stay indoors.
      The Iceland volcano that has erupted is apparently not the only one that is worrying scientists, and there
is another volcano which is the Mount Etna. So if it erupted anytime soon with the wind blowing south, an
ash cloud from that one would cause long-term devastation (破壞) and disruption for a very long time. Fingers
crossed, then.
1. What time was it when domestic flights were suspended the last time due to volcanic eruption?
A. About 200 years ago. 
B. Back in 1982.
C. During World War Two.
D. In the 1950s.
2. What does the writer try to do in the fourth paragraph?
A. To explain British people's concern about the eruption.
B. To show that British people are very kind.
C. To tell us what is contained in volcanic ash.
D. To show the urgent demand for skilled pilots.
3. Which of the following people would be affected by volcanic ash?
A. People with blood problems.
B. People with heart trouble.
C. People with headaches.
D. People with breathing problems.
4. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. We humans should be ready for more volcanos.
B. Another volcanic eruption is just going to take place soon.
C. The Volcano of Mount Etna would be very destructive.
D. Scientists can do nothing to stop volcanic eruptions.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來源：黑龍江省模擬題 題型：閱讀理解

閱讀理解。
     Some years ago, a Miami woman walking through an office building noticed two men standing together.
Several minutes after her leaving, the men murdered a person working in the building. The police determined
that the woman was the only witness and could possibly describe them. However, her memory of the men
proved disappointingly unclear. Several days later, psychologist Ronald Fisher was brought in to obtain a
more complete account from the woman. His interview produced a breakthrough-the woman reported a clear
picture of one of the suspects. The important information enabled the police to arrest the suspect and close
the case.
     The police asked Fisher for help because of his rich knowledge in cognitive (認(rèn)知的) interview, a kind of
memory-rebuilding process. Memory researchers have found that people trying to remember a past event often
only recall part of the relevant information. Human memory is selective and it is often distorted by stress. But
a person's accurate recall of an event or understanding of a question can be improved using specific
interviewing techniques. The "cognitive interview" was developed in the late 1990s. It encourages the witness
to take an active role in recalling information rather than giving answers only to someone else's questions.
     The witness first describes what happened in his or her own words, with no interviewer interruptions. The
interviewer then goes further with specific techniques, such as having the witness tell the detail', of what
happened from different perspectives (角度).
     The cognitive interview focuses on guiding witnesses through four general recalling techniques: thinking
about physical surroundings and personal feelings that existed at the time of past events; reporting everything
that comes to mind about those events, no matter how broken it is; retelling events in a variety of time orders,
such as from beginning to end, end to beginning, forward or backward; and adopting different perspectives
while recalling events.
     Experiments with police detectives trained in this demanding interview method find that they obtain nearly
50% more information from witnesses than before training, while error rates remain about the same. It is
proved that cognitive interviews are quite important tools in improving the accuracy and completeness of
witness testimony (證詞).
1. The purpose of the passage is to _____.
A. give an account of a murder case
B. help a witness to recall information in a cognitive interview
C. prove Fisher was an expert in cognitive interview
D. introduce an idea of cognitive interview
2. What is required to recall in a cognitive interview for a witness?
A. The surroundings and feelings at the time of the event.
B. The information about the event in the time order.
C. The important things that come to his or her mind.
D. The exact time at which a murder took place.
3. The key point in a cognitive interview is that _____.
A. the interview should take place outside the police station
B. the interviewer should interrupt the witness from time to time
C. the witness is encouraged to take part in recalling information
D. the witness should recall details at the scene of the event
4. The underlined word "distorted" in the passage probably means "_____."
A. changed
B. balanced
C. arranged
D. examined

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來源：北京高考真題 題型：閱讀理解

閱讀理解。
     Elephants don't forget-at least, female (雌性的) elephants don't. Elephant families are matriarchal. And
the social knowledge gained by the oldest females is the key to a family group's survival (生存), according
to a study published in April by Karen McComb, a biologist at Sussex University in England.
     Elephants announce their presence by making a deep, long sound, a practice referred to as contact calling
(聯(lián)絡(luò)呼叫). An unfamiliar call may mean that an elephant from outside the family group is nearby. A stranger
can cause trouble. Interrupting feeding or disturbing the young. So an elephant matriarch signals the family to
gather around her; then they all lift their trunks in the air to smell the unfamiliar caller. False alarms can disturb
the group and take time and energy away from feeding, so survival may depend in part on getting it right.
     Working with Cynthia Moss, who founded the Amboseli Elephant Research Project in Kenya 30 years ago,
McComb tested the social knowledge of 21 Amboseli elephant families with matriarchs 27 to 67 years old. She
played recordings of contact calls to each family and found that the oldest matriarchs were much better at
picking out unfamiliar calls. In fact, a group with a matriarch in her fifties was several thousand times more
likely to form into a group upon hearing an unfamiliar contact call than when hearing a familiar call. However,
families with younger matriarchs were less than twice as likely to gather together upon hearing an unfamiliar
contact call as compared with a familiar call. And they gathered together a lot. Moreover, the social knowledge
of older matriarchs translated into favourable results: Families with older matriarchs produced more baby
elephants in each female-reproductive year.
     This finding shows how difficult it is to protect the oldest members of elephant families. As elephants age,
they continue to grow larger,as do their much wanted tusks (象牙). So the older-and wiser-a matriarch is, the
greater the chance she will be killed. About 800,000 elephants have been killed by people in the past 20 years.
1. What does the underlined word "matriarch" mean?
A. An old member of an elephant family.
B. A female head of an elephant family
C. A wise elephant.
D. A large elephant.
2. When do elephants form into a group?
A. When they are feeding the young.
B. When they see a familiar elephant.
C. When they are giving birth to baby elephants.
D. When the leading elephant gives out a warning.
3. The research with recordings of contact calls shows _____.
A. how fast elephants form into groups
B. how important the age of a leading elephant is
C. how frightened elephants are when hearing a strange call
D. how frequently old elephants call other members of the family
4. The older a female elephant is, _____.
A. the stronger she will be
B. the poorer memory she will have
C. the more useless her tusks will be
D. the more likely she will be killed
5. We can infer from the passage that elephants may _____. 
A. run into other elephant families
B. give wrong warnings to their mothers
C. run away open hearing a strange sound
D. produce more babies by gathering together often

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來源：0114 月考題 題型：閱讀理解

閱讀理解。
     Sleeping in anything other than a completely dark room could cause depression (抑郁), according to a
new study of hamsters.
     Tracy Bedrosian, a researcher at Ohio State University, US, presented the research on November 17 at
the annual meeting of the American Society for Neuroscience (神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)科學(xué)) in San Diego.
     Researchers believe that even having a dim (暗淡的) light on-such as a night light often used in a child's
room or the glow (發(fā)光) of a TV screen, changes the chemical balance of the brain.
     While more work is needed to find out if the results are relevant to human beings, the findings might
explain why night-shift (夜班的) workers are at higher risk of depression than others, the researchers said.?
     Over the last century, nighttime lights have become common, but it's not clear whether sleeping with one
has an effect on the brain.
     As part of the investigation, Tracy Bedrosian, a researcher at Ohio State University, and her team, placed
hamsters in two environments. In one, hamsters experienced 16 hours of daylight and eight hours of complete
darkness each day. In the other, the animals experienced 16 hours of daylight, but at nighttime, a dim light was
kept on.
     After eight weeks, the researchers tested the hamsters for behaviors that would suggest they were
depressed. For example, they looked to see whether the hamsters still practiced activities they usually enjoyed,
such as drinking sugar water.
     In people, loss of enjoyment is known as a symptom of depression.
     Hamsters in both groups were given a choice between drinking tap (水龍頭) water or sugar water. The
hamsters that slept with lights on at night drank similar amounts of tap and sugar water - they'd lost their
preference (偏好) for the sweet water.
     "That suggests to us that they are not getting the same pleasure from drinking their sugar water, and that
may be a depression-like response," Bedrosian said.
     Researchers found these changes in behavior were caused by chemical changes in a part of brain called
the hippocampus (海馬狀突起).
     Previous studies on humans have found the hippocampus to be involved in depression. A patient with major
depression has a smaller hippocampus, Bedrosian said.
     If the same mechanism (機(jī)制) exists in people, then they "might want to try to avoid falling asleep with
their TVs on all night," Bedrosian said.
1. What may cause depression according to the article?
[     ]
A. To sleep in the dark.
B. To sleep with the light on.
C. To sleep in a new environment.
D. To sleep after drinking sugar water.
2. What did Tracy Bedrosian and her team find in the research?
[     ]
A. Loss of enjoyment is a symptom of depression.
B. Sleeping with the light on affects the human brain.
C. Two groups of hamsters drank similar amounts of sugar water.
D. Hamsters no longer enjoyed drinking sugar water after they had slept with the light on.
3. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the article?
[     ]
A. TV noise may affect quality of sleep.
B. A depressed patient has a larger hippocampus.
C. People who stay up late at night are more likely to be depressed.
D. The hamsters' behavioral changes were caused by chemical changes in the brain.
4. If the research turns out to be useful for understanding of human depression, it would be advisable _____.
[     ]
A. to sleep with a night light
B. not to watch TV at night
C. to sleep in total darkness
D. to put an end to night shifts

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