During her junior year of high school, Diane Ray's teacher handed her a worksheet and instructed the 17-year-old to map out her future financial life. Ray pretended to buy a car, rent an apartment, and apply for a credit card.  Then, she and her classmates played the "stock market game", investing（投資) the hypothetical（虛擬的） earnings from their hypothetical jobs in the market in the disastrous fall of 2008. "Our pretend investments crashed," Ray says, still frightened. "We got to know how it felt to lose money."
That pain of earning and losing money is a feeling that public schools increasingly want to teach. Forty states now offer some type of financial instruction at the high-school level, teaching students how to balance checkbooks and buy stock in math and social-studies classes. Though it's too early to measure the full influence of the Great Recession（大蕭條）, the interest in personal-finance classes has risen since 2007 when bank failures started to occur regularly. Now, many states including Missouri, Utah, and Tennessee require teenagers to take financial classes to graduate from high school. School districts such as Chicago are encouraging money-management classes for kids as young as primary school, and about 300 colleges or universities now offer online personal-finance classes for incoming students. "These classes really say, 'This is how you live independently,' " says Ted Beck, president of National Endowment for Financial Education.
Rather than teach investment methods or financial skills, these courses offer a back-to-the-basics approach to handling money: Don't spend what you don't have. Put part of your monthly salary into a savings account, and invest in the stock market for the long-term rather than short-term gains. For Ray, this means dividing her earnings from her part-time job at a fast-food restaurant into separate envelopes for paying bills, spending and saving.  "Money is so hard to make but so easy to spend," she says one weekday after school. "That is the big takeaway."
Teaching kids about the value of cash certainly is one of the programs' goals, but teachers also want students to think hard about their finances long term. It's easy for teenagers to get annoyed about gas prices because many of them drive cars. But the hard part is urging them to put off the instant satisfaction of buying a new T-shirt or an iPod. "Investing and retirement aren't things teenagers are thinking about. For them, the future is this weekend," says Gayle Whitefield, a business and marketing teacher at Uth’s Riverton High School.
That’s a big goal for these classes: preventing kids from making the same financial missteps their parents did when it comes to saving, spending, and debt. Though the personal savings rate has increased up to 4. 2 percent, that’s still a far distance from 1982, when Americans saved 11. 2 percent of their incomes. “It’s hard for schools to reach strict money-management skills when teenagers go home and watch their parents increase credit-card debt. It’s like telling your kids not to smoke and then lighting up a cigarette in front of them,” Beck says.
Even with these challenges, students such as Ray say learning about money in school is worthwhile. After Ray finished her financial class, she opened up a savings account at her local bank and started to think more about how she and her family would pay for college. “She just has a better understanding of money and how it affects the world,” says her mother, Darleen－and that’s sown to the details of how money is spent from daily expenses to various taxes. All of this talk of money can make Ray worry, she says, but luckily, she feels prepared to face it.
小題1:The “stock market game” mentioned in Paragraph 1 is meant to       .
A．introduce a new course to students
B．help students learn about investment
C．teach how to apply for a credit card
D．encourage students’ personal savings
小題2:How does the writer show us that schools’ interest in teaching financial classes has increased in paragraph 2_________?
A．By giving examples. B．By providing data.
C．By raising questions.D．By making comparisons.
小題3:According to the passage, taking money-management courses will        .
A．better students’ learning methods
B．prevent students going into debt
C．help students get accepted by colleges
D．make students become very wealthy
小題4:After completing the financial class, Diane Ray is likely to       .
A．pay off all her debts. B．handle her money better
C．find a job in a bank. D．manage the family income
小題5:The passage is mainly about      .
A．ways to teach students to earn money
B．how Diane Ray learns to value money
C．the push to teach personal finance in school
D．how students choose a proper financial class

小題1:B
小題2:A
小題3:B
小題4:B
小題5:C

試題分析：由于受金融危機的影響，公立學校正在逐漸開設金融課，來教授學生基本知識，認識金錢和如何使用、分配金錢，并未將來做打算。
小題1:根據(jù)第一段“instructed the 17-year-old to map out her future financial life.”可知，老師是在指導Ray如何進行投資，故選B。
小題2:根據(jù)“Now, many states including Missouri, Utah, and Tennessee require teenagers to take financial classes to graduate from high school. School districts such as Chicago are encouraging money-management classes for kids as young as primary school, and about 300 colleges or universities now offer online personal-finance classes for incoming students.”可知，作者通過舉例子的方式來說明學校對教授金融課的興趣的增加，故選A。
小題3:根據(jù)第三段“Rather than teach investment methods or financial skills, these courses offer a back-to-the-basics approach to handling money: Don't spend what you don't have. Put part of your monthly salary into a savings account, and invest in the stock market for the long-term rather than short-term gains.”和第五段“That’s a big goal for these classes: preventing kids from making the same financial missteps their parents did when it comes to saving, spending, and debt.”可知，學校更多的是教授學生基本的用錢之道，而不是教授投資技巧和金融知識，目標是防止孩子犯他們父母犯過的錯誤，故選B。
小題4:根據(jù)最后一段“Ray say learning about money in school is worthwhile. After Ray finished her financial class, she opened up a savings account at her local bank and started to think more about how she and her family would pay for college.”可知，Ray在上過金融課之后，會更好地分配錢，故選B。
小題5:根據(jù)“That pain of earning and losing money is a feeling that public schools increasingly want to teach. ...the interest in personal-finance classes has risen since 2007 when bank failures started to occur regularly”可知，經(jīng)濟危機帶來的損失正在越來越促使各地對的學校開設金融課，故選C。
練習冊系列答案
相關(guān)習題

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Why do human beings still risk their lives under ground and doing one of the dirtiest and most dangerous jobs in the world？It’s an increasingly urgent question，given the recent high­profile(引人注目的) mining accidents in Sago，W.Va.and Huntington，Utah.A small group of engineers and robotics experts look forward to a day in the not­too­distant future when robots and other technology do most of the dangerous mining work.
Robotic technology，in particular，holds much promise，McAteer says，especially when it comes to mapping mines and rescuing trapped miners—the special operations of the mining industry.
One of the first mining robots was developed five years ago at Carnegie­Mellon University’s Robotics Institute.It was called Groundhog and it looked like a golf cart.It used lasers(激光器) to “see” in dark tunnels and map abandoned mines—some of the most dangerous work in the business.
The latest design is called Cave Crawler.It’s a bit smaller than Groundhog，and even more advanced.It can take photos and video and has sensors mounted(增加) that can detect the presence of dangerous gases.Incredibly，the robot has a real sense of logic.If it comes across an obstacle it gets confused.It has to think through the process and where to go next，and sometimes it throws_a_fit just like a real person.
The biggest obstacle，though，is cost.The original research project was federally funded，but that money has dried up，and it’s not clear where future funding will come from. Partly for that reason，and partly because of advances in safety，mining is not nearly as dangerous as it was in the past.Since 1990，fatalities(致命性) have declined by 67 percent and injuries by 51 percent，according to the National Mining Association.
Some experts predict that robots in mines will serve much of the same function that they do in the automotive industry.The robots do the most repetitive and dangerous jobs，but don’t eliminate(消除) the need for human workers.
小題1:The underlined phrase “throws a fit” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”．
A．gets angryB．gets sick
C．becomes hungryD．becomes cheerful
小題2:We can infer from the last paragraph that ________.
A．robots in mines will serve much in the automotive industry
B．there will be no need for human workers in mines
C．the mine robots will have a very bright future
D．robots in mines have a long way to go
小題3:Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?
A．Mining robots do most of the mining work at present.
B．Groundhog can discover the presence of dangerous gases.
C．Experts are trying to make robots save miners in danger.
D．Robots cannot do dangerous work in dark areas.
小題4:What can be the best title for the text?
A．Mining Accidents in America
B．Could Robots Replace Humans in Mines?
C．Cave Crawler，the Latest Robot
D．The Development of Robots

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

One of India’s top engineering schools has restricted Internet access in its boarding houses, saying addiction to surfing, gaming and blogging was affecting students' performance, making them lonely and even suicidal.
Authorities at the best Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) in Mumbai said students had stopped socializing and many were late for morning classes or slept through them. “Now, a student doesn’t even know who lives two doors away from him because he is so busy on the Internet,” said Prakash Gopalan, dean of student affairs. “The old dormitory culture of companionship and socializing among students is gone. This is not healthy in our opinion.”
IIT-Mumbai, with about 5,000 students, is one of seven IITs across India which are considered to be among the finest engineering schools in the world. They are also a talent pool for global technology giants. But their hard courses, tough competition and lonely campus lifestyle have taken an effect on students. Depressive and dysfunctional(不正常的) lifestyles are known to be common among IIT students, and at least nine have committed suicide in the past five years. Students have unlimited free Internet access in their boarding houses to help them in their studies, but many also use it to surf, chat, download movies and music, blog and for gaming.
Starting Monday, Internet access will be banned between 11 p.m. and 12.30 p.m. at IIT-Mumbai’s 13 boarding buildings to encourage students to sleep early and to try and force them out of their “shells”, Gopalan said. But the move has not gone down well with students who say they hate their lives being regulated. “Now they will say we need to listen to a lullaby(搖籃曲) to go to sleep,” said Rajiv, an electronics student.
小題1: What measure has been taken in IIT- Mumbai?
A．Students have unlimited free Internet access in their dormitories.
B．Students are forbidden to surf the Internet.
C．Internet access is unavailable in deep night.
D．Students must go to bed before 11 p.m.
小題2: In the passage the students are told to _____.
A．sleep through their lessons
B．break away from the Internet
C．go to sleep along with music
D．stop surfing, make friends
小題3: We may infer from the last paragraph that _____.
A．the banning order causes some complaints among the students
B．a(chǎn)ll electronics students hate the banning order
C．more students prefer listening to music to surf- ing the Internet
D．there is no Internet access on the IIT campus even

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

In Egyptian myth, Apophis was the ancient spirit of evil and destruction, a demon (惡魔) that was determined to throw the world into darkness forever. A fitting name, astronomers reasoned, for a threat now rushing towards Earth from outer space. Scientists are monitoring the progress of a 390-metere wide asteroid (小行星) discovered last year, which is potentially on a collision (碰撞)course with the planet.
NASA has estimated that Apophis has an outside chance of hitting the Earth in 2036. If it did hit us, thousands of square kilometers would be directly affected by the explosion but the whole of the Earth would see the effects of the dust sent into the atmosphere. At a recent meeting of experts in Near-Earth objects (NEOs) in London, scientists said it could take decades to design, test and build the required technology to deflect the asteroid.
The Apophis asteroid is placed at four out of ten on the Torino scale—a measure of the threat caused by an NEO where 10 is a certain collision which could cause a global disaster. This is the most possible danger of any asteroid in recorded history and it has a 1 in 37 chance of hitting the Earth.
Alan Fitzsimmons, an astronomer from Queen’s University Belfast, said, “When it does pass close to us on April 13, 2029, the Earth will deflect it and change its orbit. There is a small possibility that if it passes through a particular point in space, the so-called keyhole, the Earth’s gravity will change things so that when it comes back around again in 2036, it will collide with us.” The chance of Apophis passing through the keyhole, a 600-meter patch of space, is 1 in 5,500, based on current information.
There is no shortage of ideas on how to deflect asteroids. The Advanced Concepts Team at the European Space Agency has led the effort in designing a range of satellites and rockets to nudge asteroids that are on a collision course for Earth into a different orbit.
小題1:The best title for this passage would be ___________.
A．Apophis Asteroid, a Possible Destroyer of Earth
B．Apophis, a Good Name for Dangerous Asteroid
C．Our Planet Will Be Ruined in 2036
D．Scientists Study Apophis Asteroid
小題2:The name Apophis mentioned in the passage indicates that the asteroid is _________.
A．powerfulB．mysteriousC．boringD．destructive
小題3:The underlined word “deflect” in Paragraph 2 probably means _________.
A．destroy the quality of
B．change the direction of
C．measure the size of
D．look into the truth of
小題4:Which of the following is NOT true?
A．If Apophis hit the earth, its impact would be enormous.
B．No way to deal with Apophis is available at present.
C．Apophis is the first dangerous asteroid in recorded history.
D．It is uncertain whether Apophis will hit the earth in 2036.
小題5:What would the passage talk about if it continued?
A．An Egyptian myth about Apophis.
B．NASA’s study on NEOs.
C．How the keyhole influences Apophis.
D．What methods can be used to deflect the asteroid.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Can software bring dead tongues back to life? Probably yes.
A computer algorithm（計算程序）works almost as well as a trained linguist（語言學家） in reconstructing how dead "protolanguages" would have sounded, says a new study.
"Our computer system is doing a basic job right now," says Alex Bouchard-Côté, an assistant professor in the department of statistics at the University of British Columbia and lead author of the paper describing the algorithm. But the program does a good enough job that it may be able to give linguists a head start, the statistician added.
For centuries, scholars have reconstructed languages by hand: looking at the same word in two or more languages and making educated guesses about what that word's "ancestor" may have sounded like. For example, the Spanish word for man （"hombre"） and the French word for man （"homme"） developed from the Latin word "homo." The way linguists compare words from descendant（后代）languages to reconstruct the parent language is called, appropriately, the comparative method.
The early 19th-century linguist Franz Bopp was the first to compare Greek, Latin and Sanskrit using this method. Jacob Grimm, one of the Brothers Grimm of fairy tale fame, used the comparative method to show how Germanic languages developed from a common ancestor.
The difference between that and Bouchard-Côté's program, the statistician says, "is we do it on a larger scale." As a proof of concept, Bouchard-Côté fed words from 637 Austronesian languages （spoken in Indonesia, the Philippines, Malaysia and more） into the new algorithm, and the system came up with a list of what the ancestor words of all those languages would have sounded like. In more than 85 percent of cases, the automated reconstruction came within one character of the ancestor word commonly accepted as true by linguists.
The algorithm won't replace trained human linguists, but could speed up language analysis.
Using a computer to do large-scale reconstruction offers another advantage. Bouchard-Côté says, “With big data sets, you can really start finding regularities … You might find that certain sounds are more likely to change than others."
So Bouchard-Côté's team tested the "functional load hypothesis（假設）," which says that sounds that are more important for two clearly different words are less likely to change over time. A formal test of this hypothesis in 1967 looked at four languages; Bouchard-Côté's algorithm looked at 637.
"The revealed pattern would not be obvious if we had not been able to reconstruct large numbers of protolanguages," Bouchard-Côté and his coauthors write in the new study.
In addition to simply helping linguists understand how people spoke in the past, studying ancient languages can perhaps answer historical questions. For example, Bouchard-Côté says, "Say people are interested in finding out when Europe was settled. If you can figure out if the language of the settling population had a word for wheel, then you can get some idea of the order in which things occurred, because you would have some records that show you when the wheel was invented.”
小題1:The underline word “protolanguages” in the first paragraph probably refers to __________.
A．the languages that couldn’t be reconstructed by hand
B．parent languages that existed in the past
C．languages developed from a common ancestor
D．languages used to explain things that occurred in the past
小題2:We can learn from the fourth and fifth paragraphs that the reconstruction of “protolanguage” by scholars __________.
A．is commonly accepted as false
B．dates back to the 19th century
C．focuses on European languages
D．is conducted using the comparative method
小題3:According to Bouchard-Côté, reconstructing the dead "protolanguages" might     _______.
A．a(chǎn)rouse people’s interest in when Europe was settled
B．a(chǎn)llow us to find answers to some historical questions
C．enable us to picture the way linguists communicated
D．help figure out how the wheel was invented
小題4:The author probably wants to prove the computer algorithm program led by Bouchard-Côté ___________.
A．will bring every dead language back to life
B．can take the place of linguists in language analysis
C．is of great help to promote language analysis with big data sets
D．can merely reconstruct Asian-Pacific “protolanguages”

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Farmers, especially in developing countries, are often criticized for cutting down forests. But a new study suggests that many farmers recognize the value of keeping trees.
Researchers using satellite images found at least ten percent tree cover on more than one billion hectares of farmland. That is almost half the farmland in the world. Earlier estimates were much lower but incomplete. The authors of the new study say it may still underestimate the true extent worldwide.
The study found the most tree cover in South America. Next comes Africa south of the Sahara, followed by Southeast Asia. North Africa and West Asia have the least.
The study found that climate conditions alone could not explain the amount of tree cover in different areas. Nor could the size of nearby populations, meaning people and trees can live together. There are areas with few trees but also few people, and areas with many trees and many people. The findings suggest that things like land rights, markets or government policies can influence tree planting and protection.
Dennis Garrity, who heads the World Agroforestry Center, says farmers are acting on their own to protect and plant trees. The problem, he says, is that policy makers and planners have been slow to recognize this and to support such efforts.
The satellite images may not show what the farmers are using the trees for, but trees provide nuts, fruit, wood and other products. They also help prevent soil loss and protect water supplies. Even under drought(干旱)conditions, trees can often provide food and a way to earn money until the next growing season.
Some trees act as natural fertilizers. They take nitrogen(氮氣)out of the air and put it in the soil. Scientists at the Center say the use of fertilizer trees can re-duce the need for chemical nitrogen by up to three-fourths. Trees also capture carbon dioxide, a gas linked to climate change.
小題1:Through the study, the researchers found that               .
A．there are more trees on farmlands than expected
B．fewer trees are being cut in developing countries
C．most farmers still don’t realize the value of trees
D．trees play a key role in preventing climate change
小題2:Which of the following has the least tree cover?
A．Southeast AsiaB．West Asia.
C．South America.D．Africa south of the Sahara.
小題3:In Dennis Garrity’s opinion,              .
A．most farmers care about nothing but their own interests
B．there are usually few people living in areas with few trees
C．government plays a small role in tree planting and protection
D．government should support farmers in planting and protecting trees
小題4:The sixth paragraph mainly tells about          .
A．how farmers plant trees
B．what products trees can bring
C．the importance of trees to farmers
D．the environmental value of tree cover

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

If English means endless new words，difficult gramrnar and sometimes strange pronunciation，you are wrong．Haven’t you noticed that you have become smarter since you started to learn a language?
According to a new study by a British university，learning a second language can lead to an increase in your brain power，Researchers found that learning other languages changes grey matter．This is the area of the brain which processes information．It is similar to the way that exercise builds muscles．
The study also found the effect is greater，the younger people learn a second language.
A team led by Dr Andrea Mechelli，from University College London，took a group of Britons who only spoke English．They were compared with a goup of “early bilinguals．’’who had learnt a second language before the age of five，as well as a number of later learners．
Scans showed that grey matter density(密度)in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in people without a second language．But the longer a person waited before mastering a new language，the smaller the difference.
“Our findings suggest that the structure of the brain is changed by the experience of learning a second language，”said the scientists.
It means that the change itself increases the ability to learn．
Professor Dylan Vaughan Jones of the University of Wales has researched the link between bilingualism and maths skills. ‘‘Having two languages gives you two windows on the world and makes the brain more flexible，”he said．“You are actually going beyond language and have a better understanding of different ideas．”
The findings were matched in a study of native Italian speakers who had learned English as a second language between the ages of 2 and 34. Reading，writing，and comprehension were all tested．The results showed，that the younger they started to learn，the better．“Studying a language means you get an entrance to another world，’’explained the scientists．
小題1:The main subject talked about in this passage is         
A．language can help brain power
B．man's ability of learning a second language
C．science on learning a second language
D．language learning and maths study
小題2:In the second paragraph，the writer mentions “exercise” in order to     
A．say language is also a kind of physical labor
B．make people believe language learning helps grey matter work well
C．show the importance of using the language when you learn the language
D．prove that one needs more practice when he(she)is learning a language
小題3:The underlined word‘‘bilinguals”in Paragraph 4 probably means       
A．people who can speak two languages
B．second language learners
C．researchers on language learning
D．a(chǎn)ctive language learners
小題4:We may know from the scientific findings that        
A．the experience of learning a second language has bad effect on people’s brain
B．there is no difference between a later second language learner and one who doesn’t know a second language
C．the earlier you start to learn a second language，the higher the grey matter density is
D．the ability of learning a second language is changing all the time
小題5:In the last two paragraphs，the author wants to tell us that      
A．learning a second language is the same as studying maths
B．Italian is the best choice for you as a second language
C．you’d better choose the ages between 2 and 34 to learn a second language
D．early learning of a second language helps you a great deal in studying other subjects

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time; _________________, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses and the language those around him use. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people’s. In the same way children, learning to do all the other things without being taught to walk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicycle, compare their own performances（表現(xiàn)）with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his mistakes for himself, let alone correct them. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to. Soon he became dependent on the teacher.
Why should we teachers waste time on such tiring work? Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can’t find the way to get the right answer. Let’s end all this nonsense（荒謬的）of grades, exams and marks. Let us throw them all out, and let the children learn what all educated persons must someday learn, how to measure their own understanding, how to know what they know or do not know.
We should, of course, offer help to them just as they ask for it. The idea that there is a body of knowledge to be learnt at school and used for the rest of one’s life is nonsense in a world as complicated（復雜的）and rapidly changing as ours. Don’t worry! If something is basic, they will go out into the world and learn it.
小題1:What is the main idea of the passage? (No more than 8 words.)
_____________________________________________________________________________
小題2:Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?
Teachers seem to think that a child can’t find out a mistake or correct it without their help.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
小題3:Please fill in the blank in the first paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence.
(No more than 10 words.)
_____________________________________________________________________________
小題4:According to the passage, what should a teacher do? (No more than 15 words.)
A teacher should ______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
小題5:What is the author’s attitude towards grades, exams and marks at school?
(No more than 5 words.)
The author thinks _____________________________________________________________

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Children who spend more time reading with their parents have a greater chance of becoming better readers than those who don’t. With help from their parents, children can learn techniques(技巧) to improve their reading skills.
“A lot of parents think after their child learns to read, they should stop reading to them,” Donna George said. “They are sadly mistaken.”
George offers her services to parents at the Title I Learning Centers. She said reading aloud to children may be the most valuable(有價值的) thing parents can do. “It is better for children to hear things at a higher level than where they are,” George said. “Parents are their child’s first teacher.” Parents help their children build listening, phonics(拼讀法), comprehension(閱讀理解) and vocabulary skills when they read aloud to them.
Before parents can identify reading problems, they should escape the enemy----television and limit the time their children spend watching television. George suggested not allowing kids to have a TV in their bedrooms, setting a schedule of when kids can watch or keeping a list of how many programs children watch. Louise Joiners said while her 14-year-old daughter and 10-year-old son enjoy reading, the television sometimes becomes a distraction. So she tries to build the situation by suggesting books the entire family will enjoy reading together, like the Harry Potter series.
Parents who do not read themselves should not depend on their children being enthusiastic about it. If parents would read to their children at least 15 minutes every day, children would not have so many problems in school. It is the parents’ job to help build that desire in their children, and of course to know what kind of books to read is also important.
小題1:The underlined word “distraction” means something that     .
A．can improve children’s reading.
B．can make children interested
C．can make children not pay their attention
D．can help children’s right way of reading
小題2:In the fourth paragraph     is the most important.
A．reading speedB．reading environment
C．reading skillsD．reading materials
小題3:If the passage is not completed, what will be written after the passage?
A．What TV programs children can watch during reading.
B．Advice is given to control their children.
C．Parents choose reading materials for their children.
D．How children improve their reading by themselves.
小題4:Which one would be the best title for the passage?
A．Parents Are Their Child’s First Teacher.
B．How to Improve Children’s Reading Ability.
C．Children Spend More Time Reading with Parents.
D．How Parents Make Their Child a Better Reader.

查看答案和解析>>

同步練習冊答案