An experiment was carried out at British school into the performance of new pupils. At the start of the year, the pupils were each given a rating, ranging from “excellent prospect” to “unlikely to do well”. These were totally untrue ratings and did not reflect how well the pupils had previously performed. However, these ratings were given to the teachers. At the end of the year, the experimenters compared the pupils’ performance with the ratings. Despite their real abilities, there was an astonishingly high connection between performance and ratings. It seems that people perform as well as we expect them to.
The Self-fulfilling Effect is also known as the Pygmalion Effect. This comes from an old Greek story. The story was also the basis of George Bernard Shaw’s play “Pygmalion”, later turned into the musical “My Fair Lady”. In Shaw’s play, Professor Henry Higgins claims he can turn a Cockney flower girl, Eliza Doolittle into a duchess. But, as Eliza herself points out to Higgins’ friend Pickering, it isn’t what she learns or does that determines whether she will become a duchess, but how she’s treated.
The implication (含義) of the Pygmalion Effect for leaders and managers is massive. It means that the performance of your team depends less on them than it does on you. The performance you get from people is no more or less than what you expect, which means you must always expect the best. As Goethe said, “Treat a man as he is and he will remain as he is. Treat a man as he can and should be and he will become as he can and should be.”

  1. 1.

    The underlined word in Paragraph 1 can be replaced by “_________”

    1. A.
      program
    2. B.
      regulation
    3. C.
      correction
    4. D.
      classification
  2. 2.

    What’s the passage mainly about?

    1. A.
      A new scientific experiment
    2. B.
      The Self-fulfilling Effect
    3. C.
      Shaw’s play “Pygmalion”
    4. D.
      An improved teaching method
  3. 3.

    The experiment was made in order to _________

    1. A.
      try out a new teaching method
    2. B.
      pick out the most excellent pupils
    3. C.
      learn if expectations affect performance
    4. D.
      give each pupil a proper rating
  4. 4.

    What made Eliza change into a duchess according to Eliza herself?

    1. A.
      Strict training from Higgins
    2. B.
      Her own strong will and hard work
    3. C.
      The proper way she was regarded
    4. D.
      Warm encouragement from Pickering
  5. 5.

    According to the Pygmalion Effect, if you want a man to finish a hard task in a short time, you should say, “_________”

    1. A.
      I’m sure you can make it
    2. B.
      I will help you any time
    3. C.
      It is as easy as pie
    4. D.
      It doesn’t matter if you fail
DBCCA
試題分析：本題介紹了心理學(xué)上的皮格馬利翁效應(yīng)，亦稱“羅森塔爾效應(yīng)(RobertRosenthal Effect)”或“期待效應(yīng)”。暗示在本質(zhì)上，是人的情感和觀念，會(huì)不同程度地受到別人下意識(shí)的影響。人們會(huì)不自覺地接受自己喜歡、欽佩、信任和崇拜的人的影響和暗示。而這種暗示，正是讓你夢(mèng)想成真的基石之一……在本文中是指自我期待對(duì)我們?nèi)松挠绊憽?br />1.D 推理題。根據(jù)第一段1,2行At the start of the year, the pupils were each given a rating, ranging from “excellent prospect” to “unlikely to do well”.說明該詞是指給學(xué)生排名分類，從高到低順序排列。故D項(xiàng)內(nèi)容與之相符。
2.B 主旨大意題。本題介紹了心理學(xué)上的皮格馬利翁效應(yīng)，亦稱“羅森塔爾效應(yīng)(RobertRosenthal Effect)”或“期待效應(yīng)”。暗示在本質(zhì)上，是人的情感和觀念，會(huì)不同程度地受到別人下意識(shí)的影響。人們會(huì)不自覺地接受自己喜歡、欽佩、信任和崇拜的人的影響和暗示。而這種暗示，正是讓你夢(mèng)想成真的基石之一……在本文中是指自我期待對(duì)我們?nèi)松挠绊懀蔅正確。
3.C 推理題。本文第一段中的這個(gè)例子就是為了向我們說明人們的心理期待對(duì)人生的影響。那些分類排名本來并不正確，但是它給了人們心理暗示，就應(yīng)該按照那個(gè)順序來排名，最終的結(jié)果與最先的期待基本類似。這個(gè)例子正是為了向我們表明心理暗示即期待對(duì)人有很多的影響的。故C項(xiàng)正確。
4.C 推理題。根據(jù)第二段最后兩行But, as Eliza herself points out to Higgins’ friend Pickering, it isn’t what she learns or does that determines whether she will become a duchess, but how she’s treated.說明是她被如何對(duì)待的方式改變了結(jié)果。故C項(xiàng)正確。
5.A 推理題。根據(jù)皮格馬利翁效應(yīng)，亦稱“羅森塔爾效應(yīng)(RobertRosenthal Effect)”或“期待效應(yīng)”。暗示在本質(zhì)上，是人的情感和觀念，會(huì)不同程度地受到別人下意識(shí)的影響。人們會(huì)不自覺地接受自己喜歡、欽佩、信任和崇拜的人的影響和暗示。而這種暗示，正是讓你夢(mèng)想成真的基石之一……說明如果我們要成功就要自己一定的心理暗示，故你要完成一個(gè)艱巨的任務(wù)，要對(duì)自己說我一定能行。故A項(xiàng)正確。
考點(diǎn)：考查心理學(xué)方面的短文閱讀
點(diǎn)評(píng)：本題介紹了心理學(xué)上的皮格馬利翁效應(yīng)，亦稱“羅森塔爾效應(yīng)(RobertRosenthal Effect)”或“期待效應(yīng)”。暗示在本質(zhì)上，是人的情感和觀念，會(huì)不同程度地受到別人下意識(shí)的影響。人們會(huì)不自覺地接受自己喜歡、欽佩、信任和崇拜的人的影響和暗示。而這種暗示，正是讓你夢(mèng)想成真的基石之一……在本文中是指自我期待對(duì)我們?nèi)松挠绊�。要根�?jù)文章的中心思想即自我期待對(duì)人生會(huì)產(chǎn)生很大的影響，仔細(xì)的審題，并根據(jù)選項(xiàng)和文本內(nèi)容作出適當(dāng)?shù)难由炫袛唷?
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According to Facebook's vice-president Elliot Schrage, the company is simply making changes to improve its service, and if people don't share information, they have a "less satisfying experience".
Some critics think this is more about Facebook looking to make more money. In original business model, which involved selling ads and putting them at the side of the pages totally. Who wants to look at ads when they're online connecting with their friends?
The privacy issue has already landed Facebook in hot water in Washington. In April. Senator Charles Schumer called on Facebook to change its privacy policy. He also urged the Federal Trade Commission to set guidelines for social-networking sites. "I think the senator rightly communicated that we had not been clear about what the new products were and how people could choose to use them or not to use them," Schrage admits.
I think that whatever Facebook has done so far to invade our privacy, it's only the beginning. That is why I'm considering deactivating(撤銷）my account. Facebook is a handy site, but I'm upset by the idea that my information is in the hands of people I don't trust. That's too high a price to pay

  1. 1.

    Why do people give their personal information to Facebook according to Paragraph 1?

    1. A.
      Because they can get some money from Facebook
    2. B.
      Because their information is not important
    3. C.
      Because they are promised to have a fun and free service
    4. D.
      Because they can also get other people's information
  2. 2.

    What does the author say about most Facebook users?

    1. A.
      They are unwilling to give up their personal information
    2. B.
      They don't know their personal data enriches Facebook
    3. C.
      They don't identify themselves when using the website
    4. D.
      They care very much about their personal information
  3. 3.

    Why does Facebook make changes to its rules according to Elliot Schrage?

    1. A.
      To give better service to its users
    2. B.
      To obey to the Federal guidelines
    3. C.
      To improve its users' connection
    4. D.
      To expand its business
  4. 4.

    Why does Senator Charles Schumer support publicly?

    1. A.
      Setting guidelines for advertising on websites
    2. B.
      Banning the sharing of users' personal information
    3. C.
      Making regulations for social-networking sites
    4. D.
      Removing ads from all social-networking sites

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