The term “Industry 4.0” refers to the fourth industrial revolution. The first industrial revolution was the production of goods with machines like steam engines, which was followed by the second industrial revolution that introduced mass production with the help of electric power, followed by the digital revolution —the use of electronics and IT in production.
Industry 4.0 is a high-tech project, which promotes the computerization of manufacturing (制造業(yè)). The basic principle of Industry 4.0 is that by connecting machines, work pieces and systems, we are creating intelligent networks along the entire value chain that can control each other automatically. The goal is the Smart Factory, which adapts well and uses resources efficiently as well as linking customers and business partners with great intelligence. Technological basis are the Internet systems and advanced factories. Experts believe that Industry 4.0 could be a reality in about 10 to 20 years.
So, what effects does this change have on the classic manufacturing? According to an expert, “it is highly likely that the world of production will become more and more networked until everything is connected with everything else.” Networks and processes have so far been limited to one factory. But in the time of Industry 4.0, the boundaries (界限) of individual factories will most likely no longer exist. Instead, they will be lifted in order to inter-connect multiple factories or even geographical regions.
How is an Industry 4.0 factory different from a today’s factory? In current industry environment, providing high-end quality service or product with the least cost is the key to success. Factories are trying to increase their profit as much as possible. In the time of Industry 4.0, various data sources are available to provide worthwhile information about different aspects of the factory. Using data for understanding the current condition and checking faults and failures is a natural thing. The sharing of information around the clock and around the globe will enable these connected systems to manage themselves independently, work more efficiently and identify any errors quickly.
The good news is that Europe is much better prepared for the Industry 4.0 revolution than one might think. Europe will position itself as a pioneer in the fourth revolution. Industry 4.0 is a project in the high-tech strategy of the German government. Meanwhile, in the U.S., some companies are also working hard on it. But the success of industry depends on whether business and politics can work together. It’s not only politics that needs to help open the door for Industry 4.0. Every company is advised to seize the new digital opportunities.
1.What marks the coming of Industry 4.0?
A. Steam engines. B. Mass production.
C. Use of electronics. D. Intelligent networks.
2.Industry 4.0 will probably result in ________ in the world of manufacturing.
A. production limited to an individual factory
B. everything connected with everything else
C. networks and processes no longer existing
D. classic factories stopping their competition
3.What’s the meaning of the underlined part in Para. 4?
A. Sharing information of the world time.
B. Global news broadcast at any time.
C. Instant worldwide information exchange.
D. Spreading news widely on the hour.
4.According to the last paragraph, who is the most active in pushing Industry 4.0?
A. The European companies. B. The American government.
C. The American companies. D. The German government.
5.The writer’s attitude toward Industry 4.0 can best be described as ________.
A. supportive B. negative
C. doubtful D. cautious
1.D
2.B
3.C
4.D
5.A
【解析】
試題分析:Industry 4.0是一個高科技項目,是第四次革命。Industry 4.0的最基本原則是通過連接機器和工作系統(tǒng),創(chuàng)造智能網(wǎng)絡。歐洲使自己處于第四次革命的先鋒,其中德國最為活躍。
1.1】D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句The basic principle of Industry 4.0 is that by connecting machines, work pieces and systems, we are creating intelligent networks along the entire value chain that can control each other automatically. Industry 4.0的最基本原則是通過連接機器和工作系統(tǒng),我們沿著能互相自動控制的整個價值鏈條正在創(chuàng)造智能網(wǎng)絡。故選D。
2.2】B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句According to an expert, “it is highly likely that the world of production will become more and more networked until everything is connected with everything else.”按著一位專家說的,很可能產(chǎn)品的世界將變得越來越網(wǎng)絡化直到每樣東西與其他的每樣東西連接在一起。故選B。
3.3】C詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第四段第六句The sharing of information around the clock and around the globe will enable these connected systems to manage themselves independently, work more efficiently and identify any errors quickly.忙碌的、廣泛的信息分享將使這些連接系統(tǒng)自主地管理他們自己,更加有效地工作和快速地驗證錯誤?芍獎澗部分的意思是快速、廣泛的信息交換,故選C。
4.4】D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第二、三句Europe will position itself as a pioneer in the fourth revolution. Industry 4.0 is a project in the high-tech strategy of the German government.歐洲使自己處于第四次革命的先鋒。Industry 4.0是德國政府高科技策略的一個項目。故選D。
5.5】A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句The term “Industry 4.0” refers to the fourth industrial revolution. Industry 4.0代表第四次革命;最后一段第一句The good news is that Europe is much better prepared for the Industry 4.0 revolution than one might think.好消息是更加充分地為Industry 4.0做好了準備。說明作者是支持的態(tài)度,故選A。
考點:考查科技類閱讀。
科目:高中英語 來源:2014-2015學年浙江省六校高三3月聯(lián)考英語試卷(解析版) 題型:單項填空
— Didn’t you talk any with Rice?
—No, the plane __________ off when I rushed to the airport to see her off.
A. was taking B. had taken
C. took D. has taken
查看答案和解析>>
科目:高中英語 來源:2014-2015學年福建泉州市高三3月教學質(zhì)量檢查英語試卷(解析版) 題型:單項填空
Little Jim to my home after he broke my mobile phone by accident.
A. dared not to come B. dared not coming
C. dared not come D. didn’t dare coming
查看答案和解析>>
科目:高中英語 來源:2014-2015學年遼寧朝陽市三校協(xié)作體高三下開學聯(lián)考英語試卷(解析版) 題型:閱讀理解
We know that the earth has become warmer over the last century. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), a group established by the World Meteorological Organization and the United Nations Environment Program, reports that the average surface temperature of the earth has increased during the twentieth century by 0.6°+ 0.2°C.(The + 0.2°C means that the increase might be as small as 0.4°C or as great as 0.8°C). This may seem like a small shift, but although regional and short—term temperatures do fluctuate(變動) over a wide range, global temperatures are generally quite stable. In fact, the difference between today’s average global temperature and the average global temperature during the last Ice Age is only about 5 degrees C. Indeed, it’s warmer today around the world than at any time during the past 1,000years, and the warmest years of the previous century have occurred within the past decade.
We also know that human activities—primarily the burning of fossil fuels—have increased the greenhouse gas content of the earth’s atmosphere significantly over the same period. Carbon dioxide is one of the most important greenhouse gases, which trap heat near the planet’s surface.
The vast majority of climate researchers agree with these overall findings. The scientific disagreements that do still exist primarily concern detailed aspects of the processes that make up these largely accepted general themes.
You can think of this website as a window into the world of scientific research. In this primer, you’ll find a general discussion of the physical processes underlying the earth’s climate, an outline of the kinds of data that may shed light on how the climate is changing—and the role of human activity in these changes—and a description a some of the questions and uncertainties that researchers continue to explore. This primer is organized into four interconnected sections: the Atmosphere; the Hydrosphere(水圈); the Cryosphere(低溫層); and the Biosphere(生物層).
1.We know from the text that “IPCC”___.
A. engages in the climate and changes about the earth.
B. is a group by scientists who like to walk around the moon
C. works in the World Meteorological Organization
D. often greets the passers-by from the outer space
2.We know from the text that carbon dioxide ___.
A. is one of the most important greenhouse gases
B. has fossil fuels
C. traps cold near the planet’s surface
D. exist in human activities
3.From the text, we know when we say the temperature of something has increased by about 0.7+ 0.2°C, the + 0.2°C means___.
A. the increase might by as small as 0.3°C or as great as 0.7°C
B. the increase might by as small as 0.5°C or as great as 0.8°C
C. the increase might by as small as 0.5°C or as great as 0.9°C
D. the increase might by as small as 0.4 C or as great as 0.8°C
4.What would be the best title for this text?
A. What Are the Scientific Disagreements
B. You Can Think of This Website
C. What Do We Know about Global Climate Change?
D. The Vast Majority of Climate Researchers
查看答案和解析>>
科目:高中英語 來源:2015年高三備考英語模擬測試卷【廣東版】1 題型:閱讀理解
Like many other parts of our lives today, education has become a global enterprise. In microcosm(微觀世界), my school is proof of just how global. Monkseaton High School is an ordinary state-funded school of 850 students in the unfashionable part of northeastern England. Over the past seven years it has sent 12 students to American universities --- two of them to Harvard. Monkseaton has, in turn, attracted students from other countries, including Germany and Latvia. Monkseaton now almost routinely receives inquiries from students in Eastern European countries. Obviously, learning English is a big draw, but his pattern of student movement was unheard of five years ago.
The brain drain is a universal phenomenon, and countries that don’t face up to the new reality will be losing some of their most precious resources. The northeast of England is its poorest region, and has experienced a severe loss of highly qualified professionals-to-be. Some of the most able 18-year-olds are going to other parts of Britain, even to other countries. What is happening here is happening to Britain as a whole. Most noticeably, there is a growing trend of British students taking degrees in American universities. This year the number will break the psychological barrier of 1,000 students for the first time.
And what is happening at the secondary-school level is happening to higher education. Wherever they come from, today’s students have a very different perspective on education from their parents. Because of television, the Internet and their travels, these students see the world as a much smaller place than their parents once did. They are more confident in accepting the challenge of moving from one country to another, from one culture to another; in many cases they can even apply to schools over the Internet. Students are also more aware of the overall cost of education and are looking for value for money. Plus, for many, education linked to travel is a better option than education at home.
1.Why does the author say education has become a global enterprise?
A. Monkseaton High School used to be a very unfashionable school in the Northeast England.
B. Monkseaton High School is now one of the state-funded middle schools in England.
C. Monkseaton High School has sent two top students to the Harvard University in U.S.
D. There is now an extensive exchange of students among different countries.
2. What can we infer about northeast England from the passage?
A. It is one of the poorest regions in England.
B. It has experienced a severe loss of professionals.
C. It will face a more serious brain drain in the near future.
D. It is losing its young talents to other parts of the world.
3. According to the passage, students today have different perspective from their parents on the following EXCEPT that _________________.
A. education linked to travel is much better than education at home
B. overall cost of education should be considered against money value
C. moving from one culture to another is a welcomed challenge
D. the Internet is more popular and easier to access in the near future
4. The students today tend to see the world as a much smaller place NOT because __________.
A. they are having more exposure to the television programs
B. they are having easier access to the Internet
C. they are having frequent travels to the other parts of the world
D. they are having better communication with their parents
5. The purpose of the author in writing this passage is to __________.
A. tell us the benefit of globalization of education
B. analyze the causes for students’ moving trend in Great Britain
C. criticize the universal phenomenon of brain drain worldwide
D. draw attention to students’ moving from one country to another
查看答案和解析>>
科目:高中英語 來源:2014-2015學年浙江溫州市高三第一次適應性測試一模英語試卷(解析版) 題型:單項填空
Laura’s knee pain ______ from such activities as running, hiking and horse riding.
A. puts her up B. holds her back
C. takes her off D. gives her away
查看答案和解析>>
科目:高中英語 來源:2014-2015學年浙江溫州市高三第一次適應性測試一模英語試卷(解析版) 題型:單項填空
She looked in the direction of the window, but there was nothing in front ______ the deep darkness.
A. other than B. rather than
C. more than D. less than
查看答案和解析>>
科目:高中英語 來源:2014-2015學年浙江省高三3月階段測試英語試卷(解析版) 題型:閱讀理解
Have you seen a historical film recently? Do you think it was accurate? Some say that there is no such thing as a historical film. In many cases, Hollywood film-makers simply change the facts. Just look at these supposedly “historical” films.
1. The Patriot
The film was released in 2000 and was directed by Ronald Emmerish and starred Mel Gibson. It is set near Charleston, South Carolina, during the American Revolutionary War(1775—1783) and follows the story of Benjamin Martin and his fight for American freedom against the British. The film was criticized for inventing and exaggerating British cruelty. The most criticized scene was one showing the burning of a church containing people of the town, of which there is no historical record. Another historical inaccuracy was the description of American-owned slaves being freed to serve with the American forces. In reality, many slaves ran away from their American owners and fought with the British against the Americans.
2. Brave Heart
The film(1995) starred Mel Gibson was directed by Toby Reisz. It is based on the life of Scottish national hero William Wallace and his fight against English rule in Scotland during the 13th century. The film includes an affair between William Wallace and Princess Isabella (based on Isabella of France). The film implies she is a mother-to-be when William Wallace will be killed. However, historically, the real Isabella was a child of nine still living in France at this time, never having met Wallace. The film also caused controversy because of its anti-English nature. Apparently, when the film was shown in Glasgow, there was a loud noise made by happy American audience.
3. U-571
This 2000 film was directed by Jonathan Mostow and starred Mathew MacConaughey, Havey Keitel and Jon Bon Jovi. It took place during the Second World War(1939—1945). In the film, a German submarine(warship underwater) is boarded in 1942 by American soldiers who made themselves up as Germans. They took away the German submarine’s code-language machine, which, in the film, helps the Americans get many secret messages from Germany. However, the film was heavily criticized because it was actually the British who got the machine in May 1941 when they boarded U-110. The movie was also criticized for showing a scene where the U-boat sailors killed American sailors in the water after their ship sunk, which is, in 99% cases, impossible to happen.
4. The 300 Spartans
The latest controversy surrounds the film The 300 Spartans. The film (directed by Zack Synder) tells the story of the battle between the Greeks and Persians in 480 BC. It is regarded as a key event in the birth of western democracy(民主) by some historians. In the film, 300 Spartans under the king fight against the enemies, 120,000 Persians led by Emperor Xerxes. The tiny Spartan forces repeatedly gain advantage over the invaders. These actions delays the Persians’ attack and gives the Greek armies enough time to prepare for the defense of Athens. But the Iranians (modern-day Persians) aren’t happy with the film. They say the film describes them as savage, killing-loving, and war-loving.
1.This article mainly _____.
A. praises four “historical” films
B. shares with us four great movies
C. tells the readers about the inaccuracy of four “historical” films
D. expresses the writer’s positive attitude towards the “historical” films
2.As far as time is concerned, the war in _____ broke out earliest.
A. The 300 SpartansB. U-571
C. The PatriotD. Brave Heart
3.Mel Gibson, a great American actor, starred in _____.
A. The Brave Heart and U-571
B. The Patriot and Brave Heart
C. The 300 Spartans and Brave Heart
D. The Patriot and The 300 Spartans
4.The passage probably comes from a(n)_____.
A. film posterB. fashion magazine
C. film reviewD. tour guide
查看答案和解析>>
科目:高中英語 來源:2014-2015學年四川省德陽市四校高三3月聯(lián)合考試英語試卷(解析版) 題型:單項填空
--Can you read the sign, sir? No smoking allowed in the lift!
--_______.
A. Never mind B. Don’t mention it
C. Sure, I don’t smoke D. Pardon me
查看答案和解析>>
湖北省互聯(lián)網(wǎng)違法和不良信息舉報平臺 | 網(wǎng)上有害信息舉報專區(qū) | 電信詐騙舉報專區(qū) | 涉歷史虛無主義有害信息舉報專區(qū) | 涉企侵權(quán)舉報專區(qū)
違法和不良信息舉報電話:027-86699610 舉報郵箱:58377363@163.com