Plants can’t communicate by moving or making sounds, as most animals do. Instead, plants produce volatile compounds (揮發(fā)性化合物) —— chemicals that easily change from a liquid to a gas. A flower’s sweet smell, for example, comes from such volatile compounds to attract insects such as bugs and bees.
Plants can also discover  volatile compounds produced by other plants. A tree under attack by hungry insets, for instance, may give off these chemicals in order to let other trees know about the attack. In response, the other trees may send off their chemicals to keep the bugs away —— or even chemicals that will attract the bugs’ natural enemies.
Now scientists have created a quick way to understand what plants are saying: a chemical sensor (傳感器) called an “electronic nose”. The “e-nose” can tell such compounds as plants make. When plants are attacked, scientists say, the e-nose could help quickly decide whether plants are being eaten by insects. But today, the only way to spot such insects is to inspect individual plants by observing them. This is a challenging task for managers of greenhouses, including those that can house thousands of plants. The research team is working with an e-nose that can recognize volatile compounds. Inside the device, 13 sensors chemically react with volatile compounds based on the interactions (相互作用), and then the e-nose will give off electronic signals that the scientists can analyze by using computer software.
To test the e-nose, the team presented it with healthy leaves from cucumber, pepper and tomato plants, all being common greenhouse crops. Then scientists collected samples of the air around damaged leaves from each type of crop. These plants had been damaged either by insects or by scientists who made holes in the leaves with a hole punch (打孔器).
The e-nose, it turns out, can identify healthy cucumber, pepper and tomato plants based on the volatile compounds they produce. It could also identify tomato leaves that had been damaged. But even more impressive, the device could tell which type of damage —— by insects or with a hole punch —— had been done to the tomato leaves.
With some fine-tuning (微調(diào)), a device like the e-nose can one day be used in greenhouses to quickly spot harmful bugs, the researchers say. A device like this can also be used to identify fruits that are perfectly ripe and ready to pick and eat, says Natalia Dudareva, a biochemist at Purdue University in West Lafayette, India, who studies smells of flowers and plants. Hopefully, scientists believe, the device can bring large benefits to greenhouse managers in the near future.
小題1:We learn from the text that plants communicate with each other by ______.
A．making some sounds
B．waving their leaves
C．producing some chemicals
D．sending out electronic signals
小題2:What did the scientists do to find out if the e-nose worked?
A．They fixed 13 sensors inside the device.
B．They presented it with all common crops.
C．They collected different damaged leaves.
D．They do tests on damaged and healthy leaves.
小題3:According to the writer, the most amazing thing about the e-nose is that it can ______.
A．pick out ripe fruits quite expertly
B．spot the insects in a very quick way
C．tell different damages to leaves
D．recognize unhealthy tomato leaves
小題4:We can infer from the last paragraph that the e-nose ______.
A．is unable to tell the smell of flowers
B．is not yet tested in greenhouses
C．is designed by scientists at Purdue
D．is helpful in killing harmful insects

小題1:C
小題2:D
小題3:C
小題4:B
植物會說話嗎？植物如何"交流"？本文中的科學家們正在嘗試用e-nose來測試植物受到傷害時的反應。
小題1:細節(jié)理解題。從文章第一段中的"Instead，plants produce volatile compounds，chemicals that..."可知，植物通過它本身所產(chǎn)生的一種化學物質來進行交流，所以答案選C。
小題2:推理判斷題。從文章第五段可知，為了證實e-nose的效果，科學家用受到傷害的葉子與健康的葉子來測試。所以選D。
小題3:細節(jié)理解題。從倒數(shù)第二段中的"But even more impressive，the device could tell which type of damage..."可知，最令人驚奇的是e-nose能夠分辨葉子受到的不同的"傷害"。
小題4:推理判斷題。從文章最后一段中的"could one day be used in greenhouses to..."推斷可知，e-nose還沒有運用到greenhouses中，由此推斷B是答案。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

During the first week of the term, every student was given a job for which they would be responsible for the rest of that school year.
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So Rita started  38 her little ant. She gave the ant the best food, and it grew bigger than anyone had expected…
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小題2:
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A．stood upB．stood outC．stood forD．stood by
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A．opinionsB．concernsC．instructionsD．experiments
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B．can work 24 hours a day
C．a(chǎn)re not clever enough
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B．The author thinks human cloning is impossible.
C．The author does not really support the idea of human cloning.
D．The author is quite excited about human cloning.
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Imagine, one day, getting out of bed in Beijing and being at your office in Shanghai in only a couple of hours, and then, after a full day of work, going back home to Beijing and having dinner there.
Sounds unusual, doesn't it? But it's not that unrealistic, with the development of China’s high—speed railway system. And that’s not all. China has an even greater high-speed railway plan—to connect the country with Southeast Asia, and eventually Eastern Europe.
China is negotiating to extend its own high·-speed railway network to up to 17 countries in 10 to 15 years, eventually reaching London and Singapore.
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If China’s plan for the high-speed railway goes forward, people could zip over from London to Berlin in under two days.
The new system would still follow China’s high-speed railway standard. And the trains would be able to go 346 kilometers an hour, almost as fast as some airplanes.
China’s bullet train(高速客車),the one connecting Wuhan to Guangzhou, already has the   World’s fastest average speed. It covers 1,069 kilometers in about three hours.
Of course, there are some technical challenges to overcome. There are so many issues that need to be settled, such as safety, rail gauge(軌距),maintenance of railway tracks. So, it’s important to pay attention to every detail.
But the key issue is really money. China is already spending hundreds of billions of yuan on domestic railway expansion.
China prefers that the other countries pay in natural resources rather than with capital  investment. Resources from those countries could stream into China to sustain development.
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B．they can let families have a happier life when they go out for their holidays
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Birds that are half-asleep — with one brain hemisphere (半球) alert(警覺) and the other sleeping — control which side of the brain remains awake, according to a new study of sleeping ducks.
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The results provide the best evidence for a long-standing assumption that single-hemisphere sleep developed over time as creatures scanned for enemies. The preference for opening an eye on the lookout side could be widespread, he predicts. He’s seen it in a pair of birds napping side-by-side in the zoo and in a single pet bird sleeping by a mirror. The mirror-side eye closed as if the reflection were a companion and the other eye stayed open.
Useful as half-sleeping might be, it’s only been found in birds and such water animals as dolphins, whales, and seals. Perhaps keeping one side of the brain awake allows a sleeping animal to surface occasionally to avoid drowning.
Studies of birds may offer unique insights into sleep. Jerome M. Siegel of the UCLA says he wonders if birds’ half-brain sleep “is just the tip of the iceberg.” He supposes that more examples may turn up when we take a closer look at other species.
小題1:According to the passage, birds often half sleep because ______.
A．they have to watch out for possible attacks
B．their brain hemispheres take turns to rest
C．the two halves of their brain are differently organized
D．they have to constantly keep an eye on their companions
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C．The phenomenon of birds napping in pairs is widespread.
D．A single pet bird enjoys seeing its own reflection in the mirror.
小題3:It can be inferred that _______.
A．Birds never sleep with both hemispheres resting at once.
B．Inner ducks depend on single-hemisphere sleep, rather than total relaxation, as often as birds napping at the end of the line do
C．It is not the first time for scientists to research on birds’ half-brain sleep
D．Birds hardly sleep without a companion
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A．half-brain sleep has something to do with icy weather
B．the mystery of half-brain sleep is close to being solved
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Just as some people think that certain numbers are lucky or unlucky, others believe that we can use numbers to understand our personalities, or predict what will happen to us in the future.
Numerology is a way of using numbers to describe a person’s character, and to make predictions about future life events. Numerologists use the numbers 1-9, 11 and 22 — also known as the “master” numbers — to help a person understand his or her personality, life goals, and destiny.
Numerologists consider your Life Path number to be the most significant because this number describes your character. To find this number, add together all the numbers in your date of birth. For example, a person born on April 25, 1985 would add the month (4), to the numbers of the date (2+5), plus the numbers of the birth year (1+9+8+5). In this case the total is 34, so this person’s life path number is 7(3+4). Numerologists believe that people with this number are peaceful and affectionate but can also be very reserved.
Your Expression number describes your talents and predicts how you should use these to fulfill your destiny in life. Numerologists assign a number between 1 and 9 to each of the letters in your name. These numbers are then added together in the same way as before to find your Expression number. Numerologists can also do calculations to predict when the most challenging periods of your life will be.
Numerologists also believe that the day a person is born is important. Each day of the month has a character description. People born on the fourth are said to be responsible, honest, and stubborn. People born on the fifteenth have very strong attachments to family and home. Those who celebrate their birthday on the thirtieth are artistic, creative, and imaginative, and often make good writers.
If we calculate the numerical value of our name and birth date, numerologists believe that we can learn more about our personalities. They also believe that we can predict our destinies, how our lives will progress, and what challenges we may face along the way. To the numerologist, numbers can be used in many more ways than we think.
小題1:If a person was born on November 8, 1995, what is his Life Path number?
A．7 B．8 C．9 D．11
小題2:To understand your abilities and how to use them in your life, you should calculate your ______.
A．Life Path number B．Expression number
C．birthdayD．name and birth date
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A．stubborn B．home-lovingC．a(chǎn)rtistic D．imaginative
小題4:According to the passage, numerologists believe that _________.
A．Life Path number can be used to predict a person’s most challenging life periods
B．Expression number is the most meaningful for people to learn a person’s character
C．numbers can help people better understand themselves
D．numbers can be used to change a person’s future
小題5:The function of the passage is __________.
A．to raise doubts about the usefulness of numerology
B．to persuade readers about the benefits of the practices it describes
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One of the most important benefits will be the farm computer. A few forward-looking farmers are already using computers to help them run their farms more efficiently. The computers help them keep more accurate records so they can make better decisions on what crops to plant, how much livestock to buy, when to sell their products, and how much profit they can expect. Many computer companies have been developing special computer programs just for farmers. Programs are being written for hog(豬) producers, grain farmers, potato farmers, and dairy farmers. In the future, farmers will be able to purchase computer programs made to their needs. Because of the growing importance of computers on the farm, students at agricultural colleges are required to take computer classes in addition to their normal agricultural courses. There can be no doubt that farmers will rely on computers even more in the future. While the old-time farm depended on horse power, and modern farms depend on machine power, farms of the future will depend on computer power.
Another technological advance which is still in the experimental stage is the robot, a real "mechanized hired hand" that will be able to move and, in some ways, think like a human being. Unlike farmers of the present, farmers of the future will find that many day-to-day tasks will be done for them. Scientists are now developing robots that will be able to shear(修剪) sheep, drive tractors, and harvest fruit. Even complex jobs will be done by robots. For example, in order to milk their cows, farmers must first drive them into the special barn(畜棚), then connect them to the milking machines, watch the machines, and disconnect them when they are finished. In the future, this will all be done by robots. In addition, when the milking is completed, the robots will automatically check to make sure that the milk is pure. The complete mobilization of the farm is far in the future, but engineers expect that some robots will be used before long.
小題1:Which sentence carries the main idea of the whole passage? 
A．The first sentence of the first paragraph.
B．The first sentence of the second paragraph.
C．The first sentence of the third paragraph.
D．The last sentence of the second paragraph.
小題2:Which of the following statements is true?  
A．Farmers in the future will depend totally on computers.
B．Both computers and robots have been in use on today's farms.
C．Farmers mainly use machines on their farms at present.
D．Farmers can do nothing without the help of computers on today's farms.
小題3: According to the engineers,_____________ will be done by robots in the near future.
A．a(chǎn)ll farm workB．milking cows
C．most of the farm workD．some house work
小題4:What is the best title for the passage?
A．Computer—Farmers' Best FriendB．Farmers in the Future
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

On October 23, 2011, David Pologruto, a high school physics teacher, was stabbed (刺) by his smart student Jason Haffizulla. Jason got straight A’s and was determined to study medicine at Harvard, yet this was his downfall. His physics teacher gave Jason a B, a mark Jason believed would undermine (損害) his entrance to Harvard. After receiving his B, Jason took a butcher knife to school and stabbed his physics teacher.
How can someone as smart as Jason do something so dumb? Studies show there is little or no correlation between IQ and emotional intelligence.
During my early university years, I regarded myself as an intelligent guy. I got good marks in mathematics, physics, and other subjects. I thought such skills would surely give me a bright future. After one year of study with decent marks, I began to see two major classes of students. The first category of students turned up to few lectures, partied every weekend, enjoyed a great social life, and did minimal work to pass courses. The second category of students were intelligent and hard workers who got good grades and were very focused on their studies. Surely would these intelligent and hard-working students find the great jobs before the other lazier class of students?
Not so. Students are often shocked upon graduation that their qualifications are not as important as they once thought. Graduates enter the workforce only to realize that co-workers hate them and less intelligent people are the ones receiving promotions.
Educational skills are useless in some industries when interpersonal skills are absent. You can have great ideas, theories, and solve complex problems, but if you cannot effectively communicate in a persuasive and exciting manner by relating to your fellow humans, you will face an uphill battle in whatever challenges you encounter. It’s not that people dislike you because of your intelligence; it’s that people dislike you because you’re rude and not understanding. The intelligent person with poor communication skills is insensitive or unaware of others’ emotions.
小題1:Jason Haffizulla stabbed his physics teacher because       .
A．he was unfairly treated by his teacher
B．he was disappointed with his downfall
C．he was not smart enough at studies
D．he got a worse mark than usual
小題2:We can infer from the third paragraph that the author        in his early university years.
A．didn’t think communication skills were as important as intelligence
B．didn’t work hard
C．belonged to the first category of students
D．could keep a balance between social life and studies
小題3:Intelligent people are hated because       .
A．they can solve more complex problems
B．they can’t settle the challenges they meet
C．they are envied for their intelligence
D．they are not understanding enough
小題4:The main purpose of the text is to tell us       .
A．the relationship between IQ and emotional intelligence
B．what kind of students can succeed in college
C．smart people may have poorer communication skills
D．intelligent students will meet more challenges at work

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